Transmission of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements in oat–maize radiation hybrids

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Isabel Vales ◽  
Oscar Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
Howard W Rines ◽  
Ronald L Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Radiation Hybrids ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Radiation Induced

Oat–maize radiation hybrids are oat (Avena sativa L.) plants carrying radiation-induced subchromosome fragments of a given maize (Zea mays L.) chromosome. Since first-generation radiation hybrids contain various maize chromosome rearrangements in a hemizygous condition, variation might be expected in the transmission of these rearrangements to subsequent generations. The transmission and integrity of maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were evaluated in progenies of 30 oat–maize radiation hybrids by using a series of DNA-based markers and by genomic in situ hybridization. Maize chromosome 9 rearrangements were reisolated by self-fertilization in 24 of the 30 radiation hybrid lineages. Normal and deleted versions of maize chromosome 9 were transmitted at similar frequencies of 9.1% and 7.6%, respectively, while intergenomic translocations were transmitted at a significantly higher frequency of 47.6%. Most lines (93%) that inherited a rearrangement had it in the hemizygous condition. Lines with a rearrangement in the homozygous state (7%) were only identified in lineages with intergenomic translocations. Homozygous lines are more desirable from the perspective of stock maintenance, since they may stably transmit a given rearrangement to a subsequent generation. However, their isolation is not strictly required, since hemizygous lines can also be used for genome mapping studies.Key words: Avena sativa, Zea mays, addition lines, chromosome rearrangements.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Maize Chromosome 9 Radiation Hybrids Derived From an Oat-Maize Addition Line

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
M I Vales ◽  
E V Ananiev ◽  
H W Rines ◽  
R L Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Radiation Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Abstract In maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. Maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. Maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat is an allohexaploid in which multiple copies of the oat basic genome provide buffering to chromosomal aberrations and other mutations. Irradiation (gamma rays at 30, 40, and 50 krad) of a monosomic maize chromosome 9 addition line produced maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids (M9RHs)—oat lines possessing different fragments of maize chromosome 9 including intergenomic translocations and modified maize addition chromosomes with internal and terminal deletions. M9RHs with 1 to 10 radiation-induced breaks per chromosome were identified. We estimated that a panel of 100 informative M9RHs (with an average of 3 breaks per chromosome) would allow mapping at the 0.5- to 1.0-Mb level of resolution. Because mapping with maize chromosome addition lines and radiation hybrid derivatives involves assays for the presence or absence of a given marker, monomorphic markers can be quickly and efficiently mapped to a chromosome region. Radiation hybrid derivatives also represent sources of region-specific DNA for cloning of genes or DNA markers.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE DILUTE-SHORT EAR (d-se) REGION OF THE MOUSE

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-342
Author(s):  
Eugene M Rinchik ◽  
Liane B Russell ◽  
Neal G Copeland ◽  
Nancy A Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Radiation Induced

ABSTRACT Genes of the dilute-short ear (d-se) region of mouse chromosome 9 comprise an array of loci important to the normal development of the animal. Over 200 spontaneous, chemically induced and radiation-induced mutations at these loci have been identified, making it one of the most genetically well-characterized regions of the mouse. Molecular analysis of this region has recently become feasible by the identification of a dilute mutation that was induced by integration of an ecotropic murine leukemia virus genome. Several unique sequence cellular DNA probes flanking this provirus have now been identified and used to investigate the organization of wild-type chromosomes and chromosomes with radiation-induced d-se region mutations. As expected, several of these mutations are associated with deletions, and, in general, the molecular and genetic complementation maps of these mutants are concordant. Furthermore, a deletion break-point fusion fragment has been identified and has been used to orient the physical map of the d-se region with respect to the genetic complementation map. These experiments provide important initial steps for analyzing this developmentally important region at the molecular level, as well as for studying in detail how a diverse group of mutagens acts on the mammalian germline.

scholarly journals Consumo alimentar comparativo de larvas de Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Régis S. S. dos Santos ◽  
Lúcia M. G. Diefenbach ◽  
Luiza R. Redaelli ◽  
Dirceu N. Gassen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa

O consumo alimentar de larvas de 3º estádio de Phytalus sanctipauli Blanch. foi estudado em laboratório. Os insetos foram criados individualmente e alimentados com aveia (Avena sativa), milho (Zea mays) ou trigo (Triticum aestivum) ou com as três espécies juntas. A quantidade (massa seca) ingerida de raiz e semente, respectivamente, foi maior em trigo (28,5 mg), menor em aveia (16,4 mg) e intermediária no milho (22,6 mg). O consumo de folha foi semelhante em aveia (18,2 mg) e trigo (19,8 mg) e significativamente superior ao de milho (2,1 mg). Avaliando-se a plântula como um todo, o consumo de trigo foi superior tanto quando as espécies vegetais foram oferecidas isoladamente (89,8 mg) quanto em conjunto (56,9 mg). O peso fresco médio das larvas ao término da alimentação foi maior em trigo (100,2 mg) e milho (102,2 mg) do que em aveia (85,9 mg). O número médio de plantas destruído por larva foi marcadamente maior em trigo e aveia (27,4 e 24,9, respectivamente) comparado com milho (0,9).

scholarly journals Pastejo e adubação nitrogenada sobre os atributos físicos do solo em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruschka R. M. Andreolla ◽  
Aníbal de Moraes ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
Decio L. Cardoso ◽  
Edilson B. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum

RESUMO O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (SILP) é uma alternativa que vem atraindo grande interesse dos agricultores nas regiões produtoras de grãos, devido ao suporte à pecuária por meio da produção de alimento, além de melhoria nas propriedades físicas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do pastejo e da adubação nitrogenada em atributos físicos do solo e na produtividade da cultura do milho, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas as doses de nitrogênio, e as subparcelas, a presença e ausência de pastejo. Foram utilizadas três repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram doses de nitrogênio de 0; 75; 150 e 225 kg ha-1 aplicados na pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e aveia-branca (Avena sativa Lam.) no inverno. Posteriormente à pastagem, foi implantada a cultura do milho (Zea mays Lam.) no verão. O pastejo com controle da taxa de lotação animal de ovinos e manutenção da massa de forragem consorciada com aveia e azevém não alterou a densidade, a macroporosidade, a microporosidade e a porosidade total no Latossolo Bruno. O pastejo nas áreas que receberam adubação nitrogenada na pastagem, não prejudicou a produtividade da cultura do milho. A adubação nitrogenada da pastagem de inverno, igual ou superior a 150 kg N ha-1, garante elevada produtividade da cultura do milho na ausência da aplicação de N.

scholarly journals Caracterización productiva y socioeconómica del sistema de producción ovina, en un área natural protegida de México

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-965
Author(s):  
Daniel Hernández-Valenzuela ◽  
Ernesto Sánchez-Vera ◽  
William Gómez-Demetrio ◽  
Carlos Galdino Martínez-García
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Nevado De Toluca

Ante el incremento de la presencia humana y sus actividades productivas en áreas naturales protegidas, se planteó el objetivo de caracterizar el sistema de producción ovina, en el Nevado de Toluca, con información agrícola, socioeconómica y uso de los recursos de pastoreo. Un total de 162 productores fueron entrevistados, se analizaron 25 variables con estadística multivariada y univariada. Mediante análisis de componentes principales se obtuvieron seis factores que explican el 71 % de la varianza. El análisis cluster permitió identificar tres grupos de productores: pequeños (28 %), intermedios (35 %) y capitalizados (6 %), diferenciados por el número de animales, superficie cultivada e ingresos (P<0.05). En el sistema de producción, se observó alta mortalidad de corderos (23 %), la siembra de avena (Avena sativa) en el 50 % de la superficie y un porcentaje variable de superficie, sembrada de maíz (Zea mays). La edad y escolaridad fueron similares entre grupos (P>0.05) y se encontró que los rebaños aportan menos del 30 % del ingreso familiar. El 58 % de los rebaños ingresa al bosque, para realizar pastoreo circulante, pero el 60 % se maneja semi-estabulado. Se concluye que la producción del sistema no depende de la capitalización del productor, pero el rebaño es esencial en la economía familiar, y el manejo de los animales es compatible con los esfuerzos de conservación del área natural protegida.

Localization of Atrazine in Corn (Zea mays), Oat (Avena sativa), and Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Leaf Cells

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Norris ◽  
Ivy E. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Subcellular Organelles

Corn (Zea maysL. ‘DeKalb 640′), kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Light red’) and oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Kanota’) were grown in solution culture and the roots exposed to radioactively labeled atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine]. The radioactivity from3H-atrazine, or its metabolites, was located in microautoradiographs of corn leaf sections, almost exclusively at the perimeter of the vascular bundles, and was primarily confined to the cell walls and intercellular spaces, with no activity associated with subcellular organelles. Radioactivity from3H-atrazine in oat leaf section microautoradiographs was primarily associated with the chloroplasts, with no evidence of radioactivity specifically associated with other subcellular organelles. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of homogenized leaf tissue following exposure of the plants to14C-atrazine showed that most of the radioactivity was associated with the light cell fragments and cytoplasm for the test species. There was no accumulation of14C-activity in any of the heavier subcellular organelles from corn leaf cells. A peak of radioactivity was associated with the chloroplast fraction from oat and kidney bean leaves.

scholarly journals Structure of the sucrose synthase gene on chromosome 9 of Zea mays L

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Werr ◽  
W. -B. Frommer ◽  
C. Maas ◽  
P. Starlinger
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chromosome 9

scholarly journals Transmisión experimental del virus del mal de Río Cuarto por Delphacodes kuscheli

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACIELA A. TRUOL ◽  
TOMIO USUGI ◽  
JUTARO HIRAO ◽  
JOEL D. ARNEODO ◽  
M. PAZ GIMÉNEZ PECCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

Entre las enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) en Argentina, la producida por el virus del mal de Río Cuarto (MRCV) es la más importante. El MRCV pertenece a la familia Reoviridae, género Fijivirus, y su propagación en la naturaleza es realizada por Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). La modalidad de transmisión para los miembros de este género de virus es persistente propagativa. Se estableció la necesidad de ajustar un sistema de transmisión eficiente del virus para estudios de caracterización, partiendo de poblaciones libres de virus criadas en laboratorio, para lo cual se ensayaron distintos períodos de adquisición, latencia e inoculación, evaluándose además un rango de hospedantes diferenciales. Se lograron obtener insectos libres de virus en cantidad suficiente para llevar a cabo los trabajos, mediante su cría en fitotrones y cámaras aclimatadas. La transmisión experimental del MRCV se efectuó exitosamente, bajo idénticas condiciones, empleando períodos de adquisición, latencia e inoculación de dos, 10 y uno día respectivamente para los cereales de grano fino y de dos, 10 y dos días para el maíz. Se infectaron de este modo las siguientes especies: maíz, cebada (Hordeum vulgare), avena (Avena sativa), trigo (Triticum aestivum), centeno (Secale cereale), grama rhodes (Chloris gayana) y alpiste (Phalaris canariensis). La detección del virus en las plantas inoculadas se efectuó mediante pruebas serológicas, análisis de dsRNA en electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (obteniéndose las 10 bandas típicas de los fijivirus) y microscopía electrónica, detectándose las partículas isométricas de entre 60 y 70 nm de diámetro.

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