Transmission of alien chromosomes from selfed progenies of a complete set of Allium monosomic additions: the development of a reliable method for the maintenance of a monosomic addition set

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shigyo ◽  
T Wako ◽  
A Kojima ◽  
N Yamauchi ◽  
Y Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Monosomic Additions ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines

Selfed progeny of a complete set of Allium fistulosum – Allium cepa monosomic addition lines (2n = 2x + 1 = 17, FF+1A–FF+8A) were produced to examine the transmission rates of respective alien chromosomes. All eight types of the selfed monosomic additions set germinable seeds. The numbers of chromosomes (2n) in the seedlings were 16, 17, or 18. The eight extra chromosomes varied in transmission rate (%) from 9 (FF+2A) to 49 (FF+8A). The complete set of monosomic additions was reproduced successfully by self-pollination. A reliable way to maintain a set of Allium monosomic additions was developed using a combination of two crossing methods, selfing and female transmission. FF+8A produced two seedlings with 18 chromosomes. Cytogenetical analyses, including GISH, showed that the seedlings were disomic addition plants carrying two entire homologous chromosomes from A. cepa in an integral diploid background of A. fistulosum. Flow cytometry analysis showed that a double dose of the alien 8A chromosome caused fluorescence intensity values spurring in DNA content, and isozyme analysis showed increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity at the gene locus Gdh-1.Key words: Allium cepa, Allium fistulosum, monosomic addition, disomic addition, transmission rate.

Discovery of a new source of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, cause of Fusarium wilt in Allium fistulosum, located on chromosome 2 of Allium cepa Aggregatum group

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoa Q. Vu ◽  
Magdi A. El-Sayed ◽  
Shin-Ichi Ito ◽  
Naoki Yamauchi ◽  
Masayoshi Shigyo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Resistance

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effect of Allium cepa Aggregatum group (shallot) metabolites on Fusarium oxysporum and to determine the shallot chromosome(s) related to Fusarium wilt resistance using a complete set of eight Allium fistulosum – shallot monosomic addition lines. The antifungal effects of hexane, butanol, and water extraction fractions from bulbs of shallot on 35 isolates of F. oxysporum were examined using the disc diffusion method. Only hexane and butanol fractions showed high antifungal activity. Shallot showed no symptom of disease after inoculation with F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae. The phenolic content of the roots and the saponin content of root exudates of inoculated shallot increased to much higher levels than those of the control at 3 days after inoculation. Application of freeze-dried shallot root exudates to seeds of A. fistulosum soaked in a spore suspension of F. oxysporum resulted in protection of seedlings against infection. Among eight monosomic addition lines and A. fistulosum, FF+2A showed the highest resistance to Fusarium wilt. This monosomic addition line also showed a specific saponin band derived from shallot on the thin layer chromatography profile of saponins in the eight monosomic addition lines. The chromosome 2A of shallot might possess some of the genes related to Fusarium wilt resistance.

scholarly journals Production of Alien Addition Lines in Polyploid Bunching Onion (Allium fistulosum) Carrying 1A Chromosome(s) of Shallot (Allium cepa) and Their Application to Breeding for a New Vitamin C-Rich Vegetable

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Yaguchi ◽  
Masanori Atarashi ◽  
Masatoshi Iwai ◽  
Shin-ichi Masuzaki ◽  
Naoki Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Monosomic Additions

Eight Allium fistulosum L.–Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group (shallot) monosomic addition lines (2n = 17, FF+1A–FF+8A) have been useful in revealing the effects of single alien chromosomes from A. cepa on the production of l-ascorbic acid in the leaf tissue of A. fistulosum. In this study, the determination of ascorbic acid content revealed that the incorporation of alien chromosome 1A into a diploid background of A. fistulosum increased the internal ascorbic acid content of the leaf blade tissue. We produced a 1A disomic addition in the tetraploid of A. fistulosum (2n = 34) and demonstrated high-frequency transfer of the alien chromosome in crosses with A. fistulosum. Five plants of the 1A disomic additions were regenerated via apical meristem culture of the FF+1A on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing colchicine. These 1A disomic additions showed partial fertility for female and male gametes. Most of the progenies from selfing of the 1A disomic additions and reciprocal crossing with A. fistulosum possessed chromosome 1A. Interestingly, 64% (18 of 28) of the plants obtained from the reciprocal crosses were 1A monosomic additions in a triploid background of A. fistulosum. These monosomic additions were more vigorous and vitamin C-rich than euploid plants of A. fistulosum.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Locations of Microsatellites in Onion

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Masuzaki ◽  
Naoyuki Araki ◽  
Naoki Yamauchi ◽  
Naoko Yamane ◽  
Tadayuki Wako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Library ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Japanese Bunching Onion ◽  
Pcr Conditions ◽  
Bunching Onion

Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) has a very large genome composed of a high proportion of repetitive DNAs. Genetic analyses of repetitive sequences may reveal microsatellites in order to increase the number of genetic markers in onion. Thirty microsatellites were previously isolated from an onion genomic library (Fischer and Bachmann, 2000). A complete set of Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum) – shallot (A. cepa Aggregatum group) monosomic addition lines were used to assign these microsatellites to the chromosomes of A. cepa. Simplified PCR conditions for each microsatellite were determined and 28 of the 30 primer pairs amplified DNA fragments, of which 21 microsatellite markers were assigned to chromosomes of A. cepa. Subsequent mapping of these microsatellites will enable us to establish the chromosomal distribution of these markers.

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