Comparative linkage map of the Solanum lycopersicoides and S. sitiens genomes and their differentiation from tomato

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Pertuzé ◽  
Yuanfu Ji ◽  
Roger T Chetelat
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Hybrid Plants

The wild nightshades Solanum lycopersicoides and Solanum sitiens are closely affiliated with the tomatoes (Lycopersicon spp.). Intergeneric hybridization with cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is impeded by strong reproductive barriers including hybrid sterility and suppressed recombination. Conservation of genome structure between these nightshades and tomato was studied by construction of a genetic map from F2 S. sitiens × S. lycopersicoides and comparison with existing maps of tomato. Owing to self-incompatibility of the F1, two hybrid plants were crossed to obtain a population of 82 F2 individuals. Using 166 previously mapped RFLP markers and 5 restriction enzymes, 101 loci polymorphic in the S. sitiens × S. lycopersicoides population were identified. Analysis of linkage between the markers resulted in a map with 12 linkage groups covering 1192 cM and one unlinked marker. Recombination rates were similar to those observed in tomato; however, significant segregation distortion was observed for markers on 7 out of the 12 chromosomes. All chromosomes were colinear with the tomato map, except for chromosome 10, where a paracentric inversion on the long arm was detected. In this region, S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides share the same chromosomal configuration previously reported for potato (S. tuberosum) and pepper (Capsicum), suggesting that of tomato is derived. The 10L inversion explains the lack of recombination detected among homeologous chromosomes of intergeneric hybrids in this region. On this basis, we recognize two principle genomes, designated L for the Lycopersicon spp., and S for S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens, the first examples of structural differentiation between tomato and its cross-compatible wild relatives.Key words: tomato, Solanum lycopersicoides, Solanum sitiens, RFLPs, comparative linkage maps.

Chromosomal and flavonoid chemical confirmation of intergeneric hybridization between Tolmiea and Tellima (Saxifragaceae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Soltis ◽  
Bruce A. Bohm
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Quercetin Glycoside ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Two putative intergeneric hybrids between Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora were discovered in Oregon and Washington. These plants are morphologically intermediate in several floral features between the presumed parental taxa. Evidence from flavonoid chemistry and karyology support the contention that these plants are of intergeneric hybrid origin. Cytological studies demonstrated that the hybrid plant from Oregon has 2n = 14 and involves diploid (2n = 14) Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora. The hybrid plant from Washington has 2n = 21 and has tetraploid T. menziesii (2n = 28) and diploid T. grandiflora as parents. Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora have distinctive karyotypes and both hybrid plants were found to combine these chromosomal complements. The hybrids also combine the flavonoid constituents of Tolmiea and Tellima. In addition to exhibiting kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin glycosides found in both species, the hybrid plants have kaempferol and quercetin glycoside gallates characteristic of Tellima grandiflora, and isorhamnetin glycosides found in Tolmiea menziesii.

scholarly journals A study on the mapping of quantitative trait loci in advanced populations derived from two inbred lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN-HUNG KAO ◽  
MIAO-HUI ZENG
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Markovian Property ◽  
Inbred Populations ◽  
Markovian Assumption

SummaryIn genetic and biological studies, the F2 population is one of the most popular and commonly used experimental populations mainly because it can be readily produced and its genome structure possesses several niceties that allow for productive investigation. These niceties include the equivalence between the proportion of recombinants and recombination rates, the capability of providing a complete set of three genotypes for every locus and an analytically attractive first-order Markovian property. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the progeny populations from F2 (advanced populations) because their genomes can be managed to meet specific purposes or can be used to enhance investigative studies. These advanced populations include recombinant inbred populations, advanced intercrossed populations, intermated recombinant inbred populations and immortalized F2 populations. Due to an increased number of meiosis cycles, the genomes of these advanced populations no longer possess the Markovian property and are relatively more complicated and different from the F2 genomes. Although issues related to quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using advanced populations have been well documented, still these advanced populations are often investigated in a manner similar to the way F2 populations are studied using a first-order Markovian assumption. Therefore, more efforts are needed to address the complexities of these advanced populations in more details. In this article, we attempt to tackle these issues by first modifying current methods developed under this Markovian assumption to propose an ad hoc method (the Markovian method) and explore its possible problems. We then consider the specific genome structures present in the advanced populations without invoking this assumption to propose a more adequate method (the non-Markovian method) for QTL mapping. Further, some QTL mapping properties related to the confounding problems that result from ignoring epistasis and to mapping closely linked QTL are derived and investigated across the different populations. Simulations show that the non-Markovian method outperforms the Markovian method, especially in the advanced populations subject to selfing. The results presented here may give some clues to the use of advanced populations for more powerful and precise QTL mapping.

scholarly journals VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

Isozyme analysis, chromosome pairing, and fertility of Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides diploid backcross hybrids

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger T. Chetelat ◽  
Charles M. Rick ◽  
Joseph W. DeVerna
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Linkage Mapping ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Morphological Markers ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Novel Traits ◽  
Backcross Hybrids

The wild nightshade Solanum lycopersicoides possesses potentially valuable traits for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) improvement. Male sterility of the intergenic F1 hybrid and its stylar rejection of tomato pollen have until recently prevented introgression. In the work herein described, ovule fertility was detected in the F1 hybrid following pollinations with S. lycopersicoides. Pollinations of the F1 with L. pennellii derived bridging hybrids resulted in a BC1 population of 65 plants. BC2 seed was obtained from most BC1 individuals. Male fertility of the BC1 plants ranged from 0 to 66% acetocarmine-stainable pollen. Of the 43 plants scored, 41 were diploids (2n = 24) and 2 were aneuploids (2n = 25 and 2n = 26). Chromosome pairing of the BC1 at diakinesis and metaphase I averaged 11.1 bivalents per pollen mother cell. BC1 and BC2 plants were scored for 19 isozyme and morphological markers covering 10 of the 12 S. lycopersicoides chromosomes. Significant deviations from Mendelian segregation were observed for seven loci, with an excess of homozygotes (+/+) in all cases. Wa, which controls the white anther trait of S. lycopersicoides, was mapped to within 15 centiMorgans (cM) of Got-4, while Mdh-4 was closely linked to Pgi-1 (<2 cM). Plants heterozygous for the S. lycopersicoides allele (+/s) at Dia-2, Skdh-1, Wa, and Aco-1 showed significantly lower pollen stainability than homozygotes (+/+). Skdh-1 and Got-3 heterozygotes had less chromosome pairing at meiosis than homozygotes. These hybrids will permit the introgression of novel traits from S. lycopersicoides into tomato.Key words: tomato, segregation, linkage mapping, quantitative trait loci, intergeneric hybridization.

Coenocytism, ameiosis, and chromosome diminution in intergeneric hybrids in the perennial Triticeae

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Pollen Grain Wall

Three different pathways of ameiotic microsporogenesis were observed in some intergeneric hybrids of the perennial Triticeae grasses. In one of the hybrids between Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis and Psathyrostachys juncea, pollen mother cells remained as premeiotic interphase cells when the pollen grain wall started to form. The microspores in such an ameiotic plant are presumably unreduced. Coenocyte formation coupled with ameiosis occurred in two hybrid plants of Psathyrostachys huashanica × Secale montanum. Less than 10% of the pollen mother cells had one nucleus. An average of 4.44 nuclei, ranging from 1 to 25 per pollen mother cell, was observed. The nuclei in coenocytes remained unfused when the pollen grain wall was formed. Nucleus splitting followed by cytoplasmic budding or cleavage, possibly a process of chromosome diminution or elimination, replaced meiotic divisions in most of the pollen mother cells in one plant of Leymus angustus × Hordeum bulbosum and two plants of Thinopyrum elongatum × Psathyrostachys juncea. It is evident that these meiotic abnormalities are under genetic control. Probable locations for these genes controlling these phenomena are suggested.Key words: coenocyte, ameiosis, chromosome diminution, chromosome elimination, microsporogenesis, unreduced gamete, polyploidy, intergeneric hybrid.

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Leymus multicaulis

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plourde ◽  
A. Comeau ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
C.-A. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leymus Multicaulis

Hybrids were obtained at a frequency of 0.53% of the pollinated florets by pollination of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) cv. Norin 29 with Leymus multicaulis (2n = 4x = 28, JJNN). The hybrid plants were taller than both parents and the floral structure of the hybrid spike resembled a modified wheat spike. The hybrids had the expected somatic chromosome number of 35 (ABDJN). The average bivalent frequency per cell at metaphase I in the meiocytes was very low, 0.59 and 0.45, respectively, for the two hybrids studied, suggesting the absence of homology between the parental genomes. The meiotic abnormalities observed consisted of lagging chromosomes and cytokinesis irregularities, leading to the production of polyads containing micronuclei at the quartet stage. The backcrossing of one hybrid to wheat cv. Fukuho resulted in the production of one plant with 56 chromosomes. Preliminary results on the evaluation of the BC3 and BC2F2 derivatives for barley yellow dwarf virus resistance (BYDV) suggested that the transfer of BYDV resistance genes from L. multicaulis to wheat is possible.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Leymus, wheat, rye-grass, wild rye, embryo rescue.

scholarly journals Characterization of Progenies from Intergeneric Hybridization Between Oryza sativa L. and Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Tasmia Islam ◽  
Sudip Biswas ◽  
Umme Habiba Mita ◽  
RH Sarker ◽  
M Sazzadur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Porteresia Coarctata ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Coastal Belt

Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) Tateoka is an endemic halophyte growing all over the coastal belt of Bangladesh, propagating through rhizomes and setting a few ricelike grains. So exploiting the genetic potential of this wild rice as salt tolerant donor in possible wide crosses with rice (2n = 24) could be useful. We attempted intergeneric hybridization between Oryza sativa L. and P. coarctata. The survival rate of hybrid progenies in embryo culture was low but among them 2 hybrid plants were successfully matured from the intergeneric cross between the cultivated induced tetraploid of rice, Latisail (2n = 4x = 48) and P. coarctata (2n = 48). The hybrid plants could be successfully established in soil and were not like either of the parents in morphology although some of their features were similar to their maternal parent, Latisail (4x). Both of the hybrids were investigated through physiological analysis under salinity stress and molecular analyses with rice specific SSR markers. Molecular analysis of the F1 DNA with only 3 SSR markers, RM581, RM20224 and RM25271, out of 36 others tested, showed bands specific to both of the parents, while all had common bands with the maternal parent. Dendrogram analysis of the hybrids with the 36 SSR markers, show that P. coarctata forms a different clade and is clearly separated from Latisail and the hybrids. The putative hybrids however made a subgroup with Latisail. These observations could be possibly explained if chromosome loss of the paternal parent had occurred or may be it was a pleotropic effect of intergeneric hybridization. Physiological screening of the hybrid progenies at the F2 generation in seedling stage showed better result in leaf damage score (LDS) and salinity tolerance than their maternal parent Latisail (4x) at 150 mM salt stress for 10 days. F2 plants from one of the hybrid plants (H‐2) showed better performance but there was a large variation in response from each of the individual progenies. So, it is likely that some of the salt tolerant characteristics of the pollen parent might have been transferred to the recipient Latisail (4x). For introgression of better salt tolerant loci from P. coarctata, more wide hybrids will need to be produced and repeatedly crossed with P. coarctata.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 63-76, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM IN GENETICALLY RELATED ROSE CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 574d-574
Author(s):  
Sriyani Rajapakse ◽  
Albert Abbott ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
Robert Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The feasibility of using RFLP to distinguish genetically related Hybrid Tea rose cultivars for DNA `fingerprinting' was examined with a group of cultivars related to `Peace'. The following cultivars used in this study, `Chicago Peace', `Flaming Peace', `Climbing Peace' and `Lucky Piece', were derived from bud mutations (sports) of `Peace'. We also investigated two additional cultivars, `Perfume Delight' and `Garden Party', in which one of the parents for each was `Peace'. Genomic rose DNA probes, cloned in pUC8 plasmid of Escherichia coli, were hybridized with genomic DNA of these cultivars digested with different restriction enzymes. Although polymorphisms were observed among these related cultivars, only a few probe/enzyme combinations screened produced RFLPs due to the high degree of genetic relatedness of these cultivars. We have identified probes that can distinguish all of these related rose cultivars. This study demonstrates that RFLP markers can be used effectively in DNA `fingerprinting' of genetically related rose cultivars, eventhough the level of detectable polymorphism is quite low.

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