Chromosomal and flavonoid chemical confirmation of intergeneric hybridization between Tolmiea and Tellima (Saxifragaceae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Soltis ◽  
Bruce A. Bohm
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Quercetin Glycoside ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Two putative intergeneric hybrids between Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora were discovered in Oregon and Washington. These plants are morphologically intermediate in several floral features between the presumed parental taxa. Evidence from flavonoid chemistry and karyology support the contention that these plants are of intergeneric hybrid origin. Cytological studies demonstrated that the hybrid plant from Oregon has 2n = 14 and involves diploid (2n = 14) Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora. The hybrid plant from Washington has 2n = 21 and has tetraploid T. menziesii (2n = 28) and diploid T. grandiflora as parents. Tolmiea menziesii and Tellima grandiflora have distinctive karyotypes and both hybrid plants were found to combine these chromosomal complements. The hybrids also combine the flavonoid constituents of Tolmiea and Tellima. In addition to exhibiting kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin glycosides found in both species, the hybrid plants have kaempferol and quercetin glycoside gallates characteristic of Tellima grandiflora, and isorhamnetin glycosides found in Tolmiea menziesii.

Coenocytism, ameiosis, and chromosome diminution in intergeneric hybrids in the perennial Triticeae

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Pollen Grain Wall

Three different pathways of ameiotic microsporogenesis were observed in some intergeneric hybrids of the perennial Triticeae grasses. In one of the hybrids between Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis and Psathyrostachys juncea, pollen mother cells remained as premeiotic interphase cells when the pollen grain wall started to form. The microspores in such an ameiotic plant are presumably unreduced. Coenocyte formation coupled with ameiosis occurred in two hybrid plants of Psathyrostachys huashanica × Secale montanum. Less than 10% of the pollen mother cells had one nucleus. An average of 4.44 nuclei, ranging from 1 to 25 per pollen mother cell, was observed. The nuclei in coenocytes remained unfused when the pollen grain wall was formed. Nucleus splitting followed by cytoplasmic budding or cleavage, possibly a process of chromosome diminution or elimination, replaced meiotic divisions in most of the pollen mother cells in one plant of Leymus angustus × Hordeum bulbosum and two plants of Thinopyrum elongatum × Psathyrostachys juncea. It is evident that these meiotic abnormalities are under genetic control. Probable locations for these genes controlling these phenomena are suggested.Key words: coenocyte, ameiosis, chromosome diminution, chromosome elimination, microsporogenesis, unreduced gamete, polyploidy, intergeneric hybrid.

scholarly journals Molecular Confirmation of Intergeneric Hybrid ×Chitalpa tashkentensis (Bignoniaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Suzanne Shoup ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Thomas S. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Chloroplast Genes ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Intergeneric hybrids are generally rare; nevertheless, such putative hybrids need confirmation from other lines of evidence besides morphological intermediacy. In this study the authors used DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast genes to determine the hybrid identity of ×Chitalpa. Their results confirm that both ×Chitalpa tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' and ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' are the result of an Chilopsis linearis ×Catalpa sp. cross. However, Catalpa bignonioides does not seem to have participated in the cross, as speculated before. Different species of Catalpa may have been used as the paternal parent. ×C. tashkentensis `Morning Cloud' is the result of the C. linearis × C. speciosa cross, whereas the paternal parent of ×C. tashkentensis `Pink Dawn' may be a hybrid plant of C. ovata and C. speciosa.

Comparative linkage map of the Solanum lycopersicoides and S. sitiens genomes and their differentiation from tomato

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Pertuzé ◽  
Yuanfu Ji ◽  
Roger T Chetelat
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Hybrid Plants

The wild nightshades Solanum lycopersicoides and Solanum sitiens are closely affiliated with the tomatoes (Lycopersicon spp.). Intergeneric hybridization with cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is impeded by strong reproductive barriers including hybrid sterility and suppressed recombination. Conservation of genome structure between these nightshades and tomato was studied by construction of a genetic map from F2 S. sitiens × S. lycopersicoides and comparison with existing maps of tomato. Owing to self-incompatibility of the F1, two hybrid plants were crossed to obtain a population of 82 F2 individuals. Using 166 previously mapped RFLP markers and 5 restriction enzymes, 101 loci polymorphic in the S. sitiens × S. lycopersicoides population were identified. Analysis of linkage between the markers resulted in a map with 12 linkage groups covering 1192 cM and one unlinked marker. Recombination rates were similar to those observed in tomato; however, significant segregation distortion was observed for markers on 7 out of the 12 chromosomes. All chromosomes were colinear with the tomato map, except for chromosome 10, where a paracentric inversion on the long arm was detected. In this region, S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides share the same chromosomal configuration previously reported for potato (S. tuberosum) and pepper (Capsicum), suggesting that of tomato is derived. The 10L inversion explains the lack of recombination detected among homeologous chromosomes of intergeneric hybrids in this region. On this basis, we recognize two principle genomes, designated L for the Lycopersicon spp., and S for S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens, the first examples of structural differentiation between tomato and its cross-compatible wild relatives.Key words: tomato, Solanum lycopersicoides, Solanum sitiens, RFLPs, comparative linkage maps.

scholarly journals Comparison between Concentrated Solar Power and Gas-Based Generation in Terms of Economic and Flexibility-Related Aspects in Chile

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
Catalina Hernández Moris ◽  
Maria Teresa Cerda Guevara ◽  
Alois Salmon ◽  
Alvaro Lorca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Cost Of Energy

The energy sector in Chile demands a significant increase in renewable energy sources in the near future, and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies are becoming increasingly competitive as compared to natural gas plants. Motivated by this, this paper presents a comparison between solar technologies such as hybrid plants and natural gas-based thermal technologies, as both technologies share several characteristics that are comparable and beneficial for the power grid. This comparison is made from an economic point of view using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) metric and in terms of the systemic benefits related to flexibility, which is very much required due to the current decarbonization scenario of Chile’s energy matrix. The results show that the LCOE of the four hybrid plant models studied is lower than the LCOE of the gas plant. A solar hybrid plant configuration composed of a photovoltaic and solar tower plant (STP) with 13 h of storage and without generation restrictions has an LCOE 53 USD/MWh, while the natural gas technology evaluated with an 85% plant factor and a variable fuel cost of 2.0 USD/MMBtu has an LCOE of 86 USD/MWh. Thus, solar hybrid plants under a particular set of conditions are shown to be more cost-effective than their closest competitor for the Chilean grid while still providing significant dispatchability and flexibility.

scholarly journals DNA markers of AHAS1 gene for screening and identification of sunflower genotypes of hybrid origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
A. Ye. Solodenko
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Genetic Study ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Donor Line ◽  
Genetically Determined

Aim. A molecular genetic study of sunflower F1 and F2 hybrids on a microsatellite markers of mutant AHAS1 gene associated with herbicide resistance was performed. The aim of the work was to screen of F1 and F2 sunflower hybrid populations with usage of DNA markers and identification of homozygous segregants containing of the gene for resistance to SU herbicides. Methods. It was used PCR amplification to detect alleles of microsatellite locus located within the mutant AHAS1 gene. Results. The possibility of identification of hybrid plants with different alleles of the AHAS1 gene was shown. The efficiency of the allele of 191 b. p. in the homo- and heterozygous state for marker selection of genotypes resistant to the herbicide of the sulfonylurea group was confirmed. 10 homozygous F2 plants of SURES-2 x OS 1019B and 18 homozygous F2 plants of SURES-2 x OS 1029B, which according to the genotype correspond to the donor line of the mutant AHAS1 gene, were obtained. Conclusions. F2 plants that are carriers of this gene in the homozygous state can be used as an initial material in breeding for the purpose of creating new inbred lines with genetically determined resistance to SU herbicides. Keywords: DNA markers, AHAS1 gene, sunflower, herbicides, resistance.

scholarly journals VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ZEOLITES ON INTENSITY OF THE VITAL PROCESSES OF HYBRID PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Игорь Подковыров ◽  
Igor' Podkovyrov ◽  
Максим Костин ◽  
Maksim Kostin ◽  
Анжелика Долгова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Genetic Constructs ◽  
Technological Methods

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of zeolite on plant life processes for the development of methods to increase their productivity and stability in difficult growing conditions. A tendency to phosphorus of soil was revealed at intensive technology of tomato cultivation in greenhouses. Studies, conducted at two test sites (in the Lower Volga region and the Western Caspian area) showed that as a result of systematic and unbalanced fertilization during the cultivation of greenhouse tomato, the content of mobile phosphorus increases to 302.7 mg/kg. Under conditions of elevated chlorides and sulphates, this worsens the growth of plant, contributes to the development and spread of infectious diseases (verticillosis - 0.23%, fusarium - 0.24%, late blight - 0.19%, tobacco mosaic virus - 0.05%). Studies have shown that tomato hybrids, containing new genetic constructs of resistance to the main fungal diseases and tobacco mosaic virus, do not provide absolute protection of organisms. The spread of diseases in the planting of hybrids is only lower by 5.7-7.8%. The positive effect of zeolite was revealed when appling into the soil at tomato cultivation. The scope of zeolite’s application in plant growing is expanding every year due to the unique properties of this natural mineral. It possesses not only the adsorbing ability, but also contains a complex of trace elements, which is necessary for the mineral nutrition of plants, improves the structure of the soil. However, an impact of zeolites on plant life processes is poorly understood. This direction opens up new opportunities in the development of technological methods for improving the mineral nutrition of hybrid plant forms in crop production. The use of zeolite in the normal 15 kg/m2 of greenhouse soil, the productivity of tomato increases to 12.1-19.3%.

scholarly journals Decorative Magnolia Plants: A Comparison of the Content of Their Biologically Active Components Showing Antimicrobial Effects

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Petra Lovecká ◽  
Alžběta Svobodová ◽  
Anna Macůrková ◽  
Blanka Vrchotová ◽  
Kateřina Demnerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hplc Fractionation

Magnolia plants are used both as food supplements and as cosmetic and medicinal products. The objectives of this work consisted of preparing extracts from leaves and flowers of eight Magnolia plants, and of determining concentrations of magnolol (1 to 100 mg·g−1), honokiol (0.11 to 250 mg·g−1), and obovatol (0.09 to 650 mg·g−1), typical neolignans for the genus Magnolia, in extracts made by using a methanol/water (80/20) mixture. The tested Magnolia plants, over sixty years old, were obtained from Průhonický Park (Prague area, Czech Republic): M. tripetala MTR 1531, M. obovata MOB 1511, and six hybrid plants Magnolia × pruhoniciana, results of a crossbreeding of M. tripetala MTR 1531 with M. obovata MOB 1511. The identification of neolignans was performed by HRMS after a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) fractionation of an extract from M. tripetala MTR 1531. The highest concentrations of neolignans were found in the flowers, most often in their reproductive parts, and obovatol was the most abundant in every tested plant. The highest concentrations of neolignans were detected in parent plants, and lower concentrations in hybrid magnolias. Flower extracts from the parent plants M. tripetala MTR 1531 and M. obovata MOB 1511, flower extracts from the hybrid plants Magnolia × pruhoniciana MPR 0271, MPR 0151, and MPR 1531, and leaf extract from the hybrid plant Magnolia × pruhoniciana MPR 0271 inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Leymus multicaulis

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Plourde ◽  
A. Comeau ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
C.-A. St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leymus Multicaulis

Hybrids were obtained at a frequency of 0.53% of the pollinated florets by pollination of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) cv. Norin 29 with Leymus multicaulis (2n = 4x = 28, JJNN). The hybrid plants were taller than both parents and the floral structure of the hybrid spike resembled a modified wheat spike. The hybrids had the expected somatic chromosome number of 35 (ABDJN). The average bivalent frequency per cell at metaphase I in the meiocytes was very low, 0.59 and 0.45, respectively, for the two hybrids studied, suggesting the absence of homology between the parental genomes. The meiotic abnormalities observed consisted of lagging chromosomes and cytokinesis irregularities, leading to the production of polyads containing micronuclei at the quartet stage. The backcrossing of one hybrid to wheat cv. Fukuho resulted in the production of one plant with 56 chromosomes. Preliminary results on the evaluation of the BC3 and BC2F2 derivatives for barley yellow dwarf virus resistance (BYDV) suggested that the transfer of BYDV resistance genes from L. multicaulis to wheat is possible.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Leymus, wheat, rye-grass, wild rye, embryo rescue.

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