scholarly journals Fathead minnow exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin for one life cycle show no adverse effects

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 998-1023
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
Grazina Pacepavicius ◽  
Kallie Shires ◽  
Stacey Clarence ◽  
Hufsa Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Lowering Drug

Metformin is a glucose-lowering drug taken for diabetes. It is excreted by humans in urine and detected in municipal wastewater effluents and rivers. Fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas) were exposed over a life cycle to measured concentrations of metformin: 3.0, 31, and 322 μg/L. No significant changes were observed in survival, maturation, growth, condition factor, or liver size. Relative ovary size of females exposed to 322 μg/L metformin was significantly larger than controls. There was no induction of vitellogenin in plasma of minnows, and gonad maturation was not statistically different from controls. The start of breeding was delayed by 9–10 d in the mid- and high metformin treatments (statistically significant only in the mid-concentration), but numbers and quality of eggs were not statistically different from controls. There were no effects of metformin on survival or growth of offspring. Exposure to metformin at environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 3.0 and 31 μg/L metformin) caused no adverse effects in fathead minnows exposed for a life cycle, with the exception of a delay in time to first breeding (that did not impact overall egg production). The results of the study are important to help understand whether metformin concentrations in rivers and lakes can harm fishes.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Carbaryl (Sevin) on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

When fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to five concentrations (0.008–0.68 mg/liter) of the insecticide carbaryl for 9 months and throughout a life cycle, the highest concentration prevented reproduction and decreased survival. At the high concentration, testes contained motile sperm and ovaries were in a flaccid condition and appeared to be in a resorptive state. At the 0.68 mg/liter concentration, carbaryl appeared to contribute to mortality of larvae (produced by unexposed parents) within 30 days of hatching. Survival of young grown in the 0.008 mg/liter concentration was reduced. Since no demonstrable effects were noted for survival, growth, or reproduction at the 0.017, 0.062, and 0.21 mg/liter concentrations, this low survival value is considered not due to carbaryl. The 96-hr median tolerance concentration (TL 50) and the lethal threshold concentration (LTC) for 2-month-old fathead minnows were 9.0 mg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for fathead minnows exposed to carbaryl in water with a hardness of 45.2 mg/liter and a pH of 7.5 lies between 0.21 and 0.68 mg/liter. The application factors (MATC/96-hr TL50 and MATC/LTC) both lie between 0.023 and 0.075.

EVALUATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE IN PARTIAL AND FULL LIFE-CYCLE STUDIES USING FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Williams ◽  
John E. Caunter ◽  
Adam D. Lillicrap ◽  
Thomas H. Hutchinson ◽  
Edward G. Gillings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Tamoxifen Citrate ◽  
Full Life

Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) as Standard Fish in Bioassays and Their Reaction to Potential Reference Toxicants

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira R. Adelman ◽  
Lloyd L. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Reference Toxicant

Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) were compared for their suitability as standard bioassay fish. Both species showed the same variability of bioassay results when tested with four toxicants. Fathead minnows are recommended on the basis of their small size and on their capability for use in complete life cycle tests.On the basis of minimum variability of bioassay results, sodium chloride was superior for use as a reference toxicant. Both sodium chloride and pentachlorophenol seemed capable of detecting abnormal fish. On the basis of seven listed criteria either sodium chloride or pentachlorophenol would be acceptable as a reference toxicant.

Toxaphene Effects on Growth and Bone Composition of Fathead Minnows, Pimephales promelas

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Mehrle ◽  
Foster L. Mayer Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Bone Composition ◽  
Flow Through

Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to toxaphene (55–1230 ng/liter) in a flow-through diluter system for 150 days. Growth was not affected by toxaphene for up to 90 days of exposure, but within 150 days it was significantly reduced at all concentrations. Collagen content of the backbone was decreased (P < 0.05), amino acid composition was changed, and calcium concentration was increased. Results from this study suggest that toxaphene altered the development and quality of the backbone, and induced biochemical manifestations of the "broken-back" syndrome. Radiographic analyses of the fish support our hypothesis that toxaphene induced a weakened, fragile backbone.

Gene Expression of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) Exposed to Two Types of Treated Municipal Wastewater Effluents

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (19) ◽  
pp. 11268-11277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris. E. Vidal-Dorsch ◽  
R. Cristina Colli-Dula ◽  
Steven M. Bay ◽  
Darrin J. Greenstein ◽  
Lan Wiborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Effluents

Responses of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) During Life-Cycle Exposures to Pulp Mill Effluents at Four Long-Term Receiving Water Study Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L Borton ◽  
Diana L Cook ◽  
W Kenneth Bradley ◽  
Raymond E Philbeck ◽  
Monique G Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Receiving Water

Chloramine Toxicity to the Amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Arthur ◽  
John G. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus

The amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus was subjected to 96-hr and 15-week exposures, and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to a 21-week exposure, to various chloramine concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. The most marked sublethal effects were reductions in the number of young produced by the amphipod and in egg production by the minnow. The 96-hr median tolerance limit for the amphipod was 220 μg/liter total chloramine. Fathead minnows in the long-term study were all killed at the highest concentration, 154 μg/liter total chloramine, within 3 days. The lowest measured total chloramine concentration in the long-term tests having no significant effect was < 3.4 μg/liter for the amphipod and 16.5 μg/liter for the fathead minnow.

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