scholarly journals Identification of leaf-mining insects via DNA recovered from empty mines

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Mlynarek ◽  
Jin-Hong Kim ◽  
Stephen B. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
Herbivore Community

We report the development of an improved method for the extraction and amplification of leaf miner DNA recovered from empty mines. Our method is simple, easy to use, and foregoes the time-consuming task of scraping out mines required by previous methods. We collected leaves with 1- and 2-day-old vacated mines, cut out and then ground the mined portions, and amplified the mtDNA COI barcode sequence using universal insect primers. We obtained high-quality sequences for 31% of our empty mines: 20% yielded sequences associated with a leaf miner species; and an additional 11% yielded sequences associated with whiteflies, mites, or fungi. Our improved method will facilitate ecological studies determining herbivore community dynamics and agricultural studies for pest monitoring and identification.

scholarly journals The effect of an outbreak of the leaf miner Micrurapteryx salicifoliella on the performance of multiple Salix species in interior Alaska

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Wagner ◽  
Patricia Doak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
General Decline

The genus Salix L. tends to be tolerant of herbivory, but severe outbreaks of herbivorous insects may compromise growth. First documented in Alaska in 1991, the willow leaf blotch miner, Micrurapteryx salicifoliella, is now responsible for frequent and widespread foliar damage to Salix in interior Alaska. We experimentally tested the effect of leaf mining on the performance of four susceptible Salix species across two years of outbreak, and placed the results in the context of a broader survey of leaf mining damage. Across the four species, reduction of leaf mining damage increased average stem elongation, numbers of leaves per shoot, and leaf area. Leaf mining damage was negatively related to leaf water content; a consequence of the leaf miner’s habit of breaching the cuticle on the underside of leaves. Growth deficits due to leaf mining are likely caused by both the loss of leaf tissue to leaf miner feeding and subsequent leaf desiccation. The results are notable in the context of a general decline in productivity in interior Alaska over the past few decades and because the leaf miner impacts Salix species also used by vertebrate browsers of cultural and economic importance, such as moose.

scholarly journals Towards a Better Understanding of Microbial Community Dynamics through High-Throughput Cultivation and Data Integration

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Faust
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Community Data ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The investigation of microbial community dynamics is hampered by low resolution, a lack of control, and a small number of replicates. These deficiencies can be tackled with defined communities grown under well-controlled conditions in high-throughput automated cultivation devices. Besides delivering high-quality microbial community data, automated cultivation will also ease measurement of the basic parameters needed to parameterize mathematical models of microbial communities. Better experimental data will allow revisiting classical ecological questions, such as the impact of community structure on dynamics. In addition, such data will allow validation and comparison of community models and benchmarking of microbial data analysis software. In summary, high-throughput automated cultivation will lead to a deeper understanding of microbial community dynamics through better models and software.

scholarly journals An improved method for preparation of mouse retinal cryosections

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Yongqiong Lin ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Tongdan Zou ◽  
Jialiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Vision Research ◽  
New Method ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Routine Assay ◽  
Super Glue

Immunohistochemistry using mouse retinal cryosections is a routine assay used in vision research. However, retinal tissues are fragile, and it is difficult to obtain an ideal retinal cryosection. Here, we developed a modified method for preparing retinal cryosection. Super Glue was applied on the surface of the sclera before the cornea and the lens are removed from either the unfixed or PFA-fixed mouse eyeballs. The new methods largely prevented retinal detachment in mouse retinal cryosections. Immunostaining of retinal cryosections derived from PFA-fixed mouse eyes using rod and cone markers yielded high-quality immunofluorescent images. Immunolabeling of retinal cryosections obtained from unfixed mouse eyes using a cilium-specific marker had improved orientations of photoreceptor connecting cilia. This new method substantially improves the morphology and immunostaining results of fixed and unfixed mouse eyes.

scholarly journals Extraction of high-quality host DNA from feces and regurgitated seeds: a useful tool for vertebrate ecological studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA MARRERO ◽  
ROSA FREGEL ◽  
VICENTE M CABRERA ◽  
MANUEL NOGALES
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Studies ◽  
High Quality

An improved method for isolating high-quality DNA fromVitis vinifera nuclei

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Hanania ◽  
Margarita Velcheva ◽  
Nachman Sahar ◽  
Avihal Perl
Keyword(s):  
Improved Method ◽  
High Quality

Supersonic Jet Epitaxy: An Improved Method for Nitride Deposition

1995 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Norris ◽  
Long D. Zhu ◽  
H. Paul Maruska ◽  
Wilson HO ◽  
Scott Ustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Sapphire Substrates ◽  
Supersonic Jet Epitaxy ◽  
Gan Crystal

ABSTRACTGaN was grown by supersonic jet epitaxy(SSJE), seeding triethylgallium in helium carrier gas. Activated nitrogen was supplied by a microwave plasma source. Single crystalline GaN films were deposited on the Si-face 6H-SiC and the c-plane sapphire substrates at 600–670°C. A cubic SiC buffer layer was grown onSi(111) at 800°C by SSJE using dichlorosilane, acetylene, and a high quality GaN crystal was grown on this template at 630°C. The materials high quality was proved by hard rectifying characteristics of a diode with an N-GaN/β-SiC/P-Si(111) structure.

Vallissiana universitaria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): a new genus and species of leaf-mining moth associated with Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4604 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO M. PEREIRA ◽  
HELBER A. ARÉVALO-MALDONADO ◽  
PAOLO TRIBERTI ◽  
ROSÂNGELA BRITO ◽  
ROSY M. S. ISAIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vallissiana universitaria Pereira & Arévalo, a new genus and species of leaf-miner moth (Gracillariidae: Gracillariinae) is described and illustrated with the aid of optical and scanning electron microscopy, including adults, larva, pupa and the mine. Its monophyletic status is confirmed within the subfamily based on a DNA barcode CoI tree. The immature stages are associated with Erythroxylum argentinum O. E. Schulz (Erythroxylaceae) and four larval instars are found, all forming a round blotch mine from the beginning of ontogeny. The first two instars are sap-feeders, using only the epidermal cells, whereas the last two are tissue-feeders, mining the parenchyma cells. Pupation occurs inside the leaf mine within a flimsy, silk-made cocoon. This is the third endemic genus of gracillariid moths described from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and the first associated with Erythroxylum P. Browne. Characteristics found on the forewing and in the last abdominal segments of the adult were determinant for the proposition of the new genus. The CoI tree indicated that it is closely related to Aspilapteryx, while this genus was recovered as polyphyletic in the analyses. Morphological evidence supports this polyphyly. Consequently, Sabulopteryx Triberti, 1985, stat. nov. is considered a valid genus.

An Improved Method for the Isolation of Total RNA from Avicennia germinans Leaves

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza ◽  
Adriana Quiroz Moreno ◽  
Omar Zapata-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Contaminating Substances

Isolation of high-quality RNA of Avicennia germinans L. tissue is difficult due to high levels of phenols and other substances that interfere when using conventional procedures for the isolation. These substances not only decrease the yield but also the quality of RNA is almost poor. We present here a simple RNA protocol and fast methodology that effectively removes these contaminating substances without affecting the yield. The protocol developed is based on the SDS/phenol method with modifications including β-mercaptoethanol to prevent oxidation of phenolic complexes, and phenol/chloroform extraction is introduced to remove proteins, genomic DNA, and secondary metabolites, and co-precipitated polysaccharides. Both A260/A230 and A260/A280 absorbance ratios of isolated RNA were around 2 and the yield was about 0.3 mg g −1 fresh weight. Good-quality total RNA from leaves of Avicennia germinans could be easily isolated within 2 h by this protocol which avoided the limitation of plant materials and could provide total RNA for all kinds of further molecular studies.

scholarly journals An Improved Method for High Quality Metagenomics DNA Extraction from Human and Environmental Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyabrata Bag ◽  
Bipasa Saha ◽  
Ojasvi Mehta ◽  
D. Anbumani ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
High Quality
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