Metal concentrations in two freshwater gastropods (Mollusca) in the St. Lawrence River and relationships with environmental contamination

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Flessas ◽  
Yves Couillard ◽  
Bernadette Pinel-Alloul ◽  
Louise St-Cyr ◽  
Peter GC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Sediment Interface ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
St Lawrence River

This study assesses the potential use of two dominant freshwater gastropod species of the St. Lawrence River, Bithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia) and Physa gyrina (Pulmonata), as biomonitors of metal pollution. Gastropods were collected in the littoral zone of Lake St. Louis and Lake St. Pierre, two shallow fluvial lakes of the St. Lawrence River, at sampling stations chosen to represent a metal concentration gradient in sediments. The soft body tissues of snails were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Metal concentrations in snail tissues were related to those in macrophytes, on which the snails were collected, and in nearby sediments, where the metal ion concentrations at the water-sediment interface were estimated. There was a significant effect of age on the essential metals Cu and Zn, adults of B. tentaculata showing higher concentrations than juveniles. Significant relationships were obtained between Cd and Zn concentrations in snail tissues and those in the environment (macrophytes or the estimated free metal ion levels at the water-sediment interface). Some other relationships were also obtained with Ni, Pb, and Cu in P. gyrina. Bithynia tentaculata appears to be a promising biomonitor species, particularly for Cd and Zn.

Bioavailability of sediment-bound metals for Vallisneria americana Michx, a submerged aquatic plant, in the St. Lawrence River

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise St-Cyr ◽  
Peter GC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Sediment Geochemistry ◽  
Vallisneria Americana ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Sediment Interface ◽  
St Lawrence River

We have assessed the bioavailability of sediment-bound metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the St. Lawrence River using a rooted aquatic plant, Vallisneria americana Michx, as the biomonitor species. The host sediments were subjected to a sequential leaching procedure to determine the partitioning of the metals present in the surficial oxic stratum; previously published equations were then used to estimate the free metal ion concentrations at the root-sediment interface. Suspected metal accumulation in foliage from point-source pollution of the water column obscured sediment-plant relationships at several sampling stations, but in general, plant metal concentrations could be predicted on the basis of sediment geochemistry (including sediment metal concentrations). Metal concentrations in Vallisneria tissues correlated more closely with estimates of bioavailable sediment-bound metal than with total metal concentrations in sediments, particularly for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Roots proved to be better bioindicator organs than shoots for monitoring sediment contamination. Overall, the results demonstrate that Vallisneria would be a useful biomonitor species of metal contamination in the St. Lawrence River.

Copper, zinc, and nickel in soil solution affected by biosolids amendment and soil management

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Ion Activities ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Free Metal

Soil plots on a pasture were amended with biosolids spiked with copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), or zinc (Zn), resulting in maximum concentrations of 181 mg Cu, 58 mg Ni, and 296 mg Zn/kg in soil. Soil solutions from the plots were obtained by centrifugation for chemical analyses, and free metal ion activities (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) were computed from the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM). In the 3 years after biosolids amendment, the concentrations and activities of Cu, Ni, and Zn in soil solution increased with their amounts in biosolids. Copper and Ni concentrations in soil solution were higher than their critical concentrations recently reported in the literature. While Cu in soil solution was dominated by Cu-humic complexes, Ni2+ and Zn2+ were the majority species of the metals. Liming the soil plots to increase pH from 5.5 to ~7 greatly reduced the concentrations of the trace metals, particularly Zn; Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ were decreased by orders of magnitude 2–3, 2, and 1, respectively. Metal concentrations and activities fluctuated in the next 2 years as soil pH changed slightly and then after the use of elemental sulfur to acidify soil to pH ~6.5. Eight years after application of biosolids and through soil pH adjustment by lime and sulfur, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were very close to, and Ni2+ was a few times higher than, their corresponding baseline values. Maintaining a near neutral pH thus would be the key to keeping bioavailable metal concentrations low in a soil with an organic carbon content of 23.8 g/kg.

Metal bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from eight lakes along a metal contamination gradient (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Giguère ◽  
Peter GC Campbell ◽  
Landis Hare ◽  
Carole Cossu-Leguille
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion

Links among metal exposure, metal accumulation, and metal-induced effects were explored in indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens) collected from eight lakes located along a metal concentration gradient in two mining regions. Fish exposure to Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn was estimated on the basis of calculated free metal ion concentrations in lake waters. Hepatic metal concentrations were determined and various markers of oxidative stress were measured to assess metal effects in liver cells. Accumulated metals were not consistently related to ambient free metal ion concentrations, possibly because of unaccounted for fluctuations in lake water metal concentrations. Accumulated metals were associated with limited oxidative stress in perch livers, as evidenced by reductions in glutathione concentrations and glutathione reductase activities. However, this stress appeared to be minor, since increasing hepatic Cu concentrations were associated with reduced lipid peroxidation, a response opposite to that predicted from basic principles. Our results suggest that oxidative stress will not have direct repercussions on the health of the perch at the individual level. We speculate that the observed increase in metallothionein concentrations with increasing accumulated metals might afford protection against reactive oxygen species.

Prediction of Soluble Nickel Removal by Activated Sludge Using Free Metal Ion Concentrations

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe S. Nielsen ◽  
Steve E. Hrudey ◽  
Frederick F. Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Nickel Uptake ◽  
Nickel Removal ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion

Batch isotherm studies using spiked sewage samples containing a range of total soluble nickel concentrations typical of municipal sewage strongly suggested that it is the free (i.e. uncomplexed) nickel ion that is sorbed by activated sludge. Equations relating nickel uptake by activated sludge to free nickel ion concentrations and the extent of complexation in untreated sewage were developed and applied. Predicted and measured nickel removals generally agreed to within ± 30%.

Free metal ion availability is a major factor for tolerance and growth in Physcomitrella patens

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sassmann ◽  
Wolfram Adlassnig ◽  
Markus Puschenreiter ◽  
Edwin Julio Palomino Cadenas ◽  
Mario Leyvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion

Effects of reactive gas addition on ionization of metal atoms in droplet-free metal ion sources

2007 ◽  
Vol 201 (15) ◽  
pp. 6655-6659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Nakamura ◽  
Akira Wakayama ◽  
Ken Yukimura
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion ◽  
Reactive Gas

Prediction of free metal ion activity in contaminated soils using WHAM VII, baker soil test and solubility model

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 125408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasis Golui ◽  
S.P. Datta ◽  
B.S. Dwivedi ◽  
M.C. Meena ◽  
V.K. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Solubility Model ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion

Cycle de développement, croissance et production de Pisidium amnicum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) dans le Saint-Laurent (Québec)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2350-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vincent ◽  
G. Vaillancourt ◽  
N. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
St Lawrence River

The population dynamics of Pisidium amnicum have been studied in one population of the St. Lawrence River over a 2-year period during which 19 samples were taken. The species can live up to 3 years and it is iteroparous; individuals generally attain sexual maturity after 1 year and they reproduce twice, once at 2 and once at 3 years of age. In adults, mortality is lower in winter than during the rest of the year and mortality rates are twice as high during the 1st year than during the 2nd year. Total dry weight (PT, in milligrams) is related to maximum length (L, in millimetres) according to the equation PT = 0.0283∙L3,80 and flesh dry weight (PC, in milligrams) is related to length as follows: PC = 0.007∙L3,18. The annual production to mean biomass (P/B) ratio is 1.4, the mean annual production being 1.298 mg/m2 of total dry weight and 107 mg/m2 of flesh weight. Comparing these results with those obtained for the gastropod Bithynia tentaculata in the same environment and at the same period of the year has shown that the growth of Pisidium amnicum is far less influenced by the temperature regime than that of the other species and that its production is at least 10 times lower.

scholarly journals Determination of the free-ion concentration of rare earth elements by an ion-exchange technique: implementation, evaluation and limits

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Leguay ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell ◽  
Claude Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Free Metal Ion ◽  
Exchange Technique

Environmental context The lanthanides are a group of heavy elements (from lanthanum to lutetium) increasingly used in many electronic consumer products and little is known about their environmental mobility and toxicity. In natural systems, these elements will bind to natural organic matter but metal toxicity is usually defined by the free metal ion concentration. Here, we propose a method based on sample equilibration with an ion-exchange resin to measure the free lanthanide ion concentration in the presence of natural organic matter. Abstract An ion-exchange technique that employs a polystyrene sulphonate ion-exchange resin was developed for determining environmentally relevant free-ion concentrations of Ce, Eu, La and Nd. Owing to the high affinity of rare earth elements (REE) for the selected resin, this method requires the addition of an inert salt to increase the concentration of the counter-ions (i.e. cations that are exchanged with REE bound to the resin). The use of a batch equilibration approach to calibrate the resin allowed the implementation of the ion-exchange technique at reasonably low ionic strength (I = 0.1M). Several ligands were used to test the selectivity of the method, which proved to be highly selective for the free metal ion in presence of the tested cationic and anionic complexes (REE–nitrate, REE–malic acid and REE–nitrilotriacetic acid systems) and operational for very low proportions of REE3+, owing to the strong REE–resin interactions. The ion-exchange technique was also implemented to determine [Eu]inorg in the presence of natural humic matter (Suwannee River Humic Acid) and the results were compared with those obtained using equilibrium dialysis and those calculated with chemical equilibrium models. At pH 4.00, the measured [Eu]inorg values were in fairly good agreement with those predicted with the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model and Stockholm Humic Model, whereas the Non-Ideal Competitive Absorption model appeared to underestimate the [Eu]inorg. However, the inorganic europium concentrations were strongly underestimated (4 < [Eu]inorg, IET/[Eu]inorg, calc < 18) with the three prediction models at higher pH (5.3 and 6.2).

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