Empirical relationships between polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and submerged rooted macrophytes

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1792-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Vanier ◽  
Dolores Planas ◽  
Michel Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Organic Weight ◽  
St Lawrence River

In this study, we use empirical relationships to model accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in submerged rooted macrophytes sampled in the upper St. Lawrence River (Canada - United States). The correlations between PCB congener concentrations in sediments, in macrophyte shoots, and in their roots were all significant (P < 0.001). However, the PCB congener concentrations in macrophyte shoots were better predicted by concentrations in sediments (top 5 cm) than by those in the roots of plants (R2= 0.839 and 0.704, respectively). Our results suggest that models based on the phase partitioning concept are applicable to submerged macrophytes. The lipids in shoots and the organic fraction in sediments are likely the phases involved in PCB partitioning between these two compartments. Between shoots and roots, the lipid phase also appears to be involved in the congener partitioning. However, between roots and sediments (5- to 10-cm depth interval), the correlation was weaker using organic weight standardisation of congener concentrations in sediments than using dry weight standardisation (R2= 0.852 and 0.778, respectively).

Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Contamination of Heavy Metals, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Furans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Wharf Roach Ligia spp. In Japanese Intertidal and Supratidal Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Masato Honda ◽  
Xuchun Qiu ◽  
Suzanne Lydia Undap ◽  
Takeshi Kimura ◽  
Tsuguhide Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Total Concentrations

We investigated the pollution levels of 6 heavy metals and 29 dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)) in intertidal and supratidal zones by using wharf roaches (Ligia spp.) collected from 12 sampling sites on the coast of Northeast Japan from November 2011 to June 2012. The total concentrations of heavy metals ranged from 177 to 377 µg/g-dry weight (dw), and the predominant metals were copper, zinc, and aluminum. The order of the detected level of heavy metals was zinc > aluminum > copper > cadmium > lead > chromium, and this trend was similar to a previous report. The total toxic equivalent (TEQ) value of the PCDD/Fs ranged from less than the limit of detection (<LOD) to 2.33 pg-TEQ/g-dw, and the predominant congener was octachlorodibenzodioxin (<LOD to 110 pg/g-dw). Compared with PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs were detected at a predominantly higher level (total TEQ value: 0.64–27.79 pg-TEQ/g-dw). Detected levels of dioxins, especially DL-PCBs in the wharf roach, were like those in the bivalves. These results indicate that the wharf roach could reflect heavy metals and dioxin pollution in the supratidal zones and is a suitable environmental indicator for these environmental pollutants. This is the first study to investigate heavy metals, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs pollution in coastal isopods in Japan.

Cycle de développement, croissance et production de Pisidium amnicum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) dans le Saint-Laurent (Québec)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2350-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vincent ◽  
G. Vaillancourt ◽  
N. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
St Lawrence River

The population dynamics of Pisidium amnicum have been studied in one population of the St. Lawrence River over a 2-year period during which 19 samples were taken. The species can live up to 3 years and it is iteroparous; individuals generally attain sexual maturity after 1 year and they reproduce twice, once at 2 and once at 3 years of age. In adults, mortality is lower in winter than during the rest of the year and mortality rates are twice as high during the 1st year than during the 2nd year. Total dry weight (PT, in milligrams) is related to maximum length (L, in millimetres) according to the equation PT = 0.0283∙L3,80 and flesh dry weight (PC, in milligrams) is related to length as follows: PC = 0.007∙L3,18. The annual production to mean biomass (P/B) ratio is 1.4, the mean annual production being 1.298 mg/m2 of total dry weight and 107 mg/m2 of flesh weight. Comparing these results with those obtained for the gastropod Bithynia tentaculata in the same environment and at the same period of the year has shown that the growth of Pisidium amnicum is far less influenced by the temperature regime than that of the other species and that its production is at least 10 times lower.

Sampling techniques for reliable determination of trace metals in macrophytes and periphyton

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
TP McBride ◽  
BN Noller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Reliable Determination

Sampling techniques were developed to measure trace-metal concentrations reliably in the shoots of a submerged macrophyte, Najas tenuifolia, and its attached periphyton growing in the Magela Creek flood plain in monsoonal northern Australia. At each site, 30 samples were collected within an 8-m by 8-m quadrat in a pattern of five samples from each of six irregularly spaced points. Samples were collected underwater to include all periphyton present, and precautions were taken at all stages of processing to avoid contamination. Periphyton was dislodged for separate chemical analysis by sonication followed by vigorous shaking. A significant aspect was the large amount of periphyton, up to 35% of the total sample dry weight, associated with the Najas sp. Only a proportion, up to 43%, of this periphyton could be dislodged by the physical procedures used. Trace metals were generally not present in the same concentrations in both the Najas sp. and the periphyton. The average trace-metal concentrations (μg g-1 dry weight) and standard errors measured in the Najas sp. (and periphyton) were cadmium 0.24 � 0.013 (0.093 � 0.012), copper 5.2� 0.25 (12 � 0.74), lead 0.93 � 0.084 (6.5 � 0.43), manganese 2500 � 110 (1500 � 110), uranium 0.24 � 0.023 (0.27 � 0.030), and zinc 38 � 1.0 (23 � 1.5). The significant differences in Najas sp. and periphyton trace-metal concentrations show the need to consider the effect of periphyton when sampling and reporting trace-metal concentrations in submerged macrophytes.

Characteristics, distribution and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coastal sediments from the heavily industrialized area of Asalouyeh, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3340-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Arfaeinia ◽  
Zahra Asadgol ◽  
Ehsan Ahmadi ◽  
Morteza Seifi ◽  
Masoud Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Toxic Equivalents ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract In this research, the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in the marine sediments of Asaluyeh harbor, in the Persian Gulf. The samples were taken from industrial, semi-industrial and urban regions. The mean concentration levels of total (Σ) 18 detected PCBs were 514.32, 144.67 and 31.6 pg/g dw for the industrial, semi-industrial and urban sampling stations, respectively. Based on a multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that high contamination levels of PCBs in sediments collected along the Persian Gulf were associated with releases from local industries. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of PCB congeners. World Health Organization toxic equivalents (TEQs) for PCBs ranged from 0.04 to 2.66 pg TEQ/g dry weight (dw) in the coastal sediments. The TEQ values in this study were higher than many reported worldwide in the literature for sediments. This suggests that there are high levels of contamination in the area due to industrial and other human activities.

Diet and feeding of Neomysis mercedis Holmes (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Johnston ◽  
D. C. Lasenby
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

Neomysis mercedis in the Fraser River estuary is a predator on the meiobenthos, especially harpacticoid copepods. There are no clear seasonal differences in its utilization of food resources. The consumption rate of N. mercedis feeding from natural sediments varies with body size and temperature as C = 3.81 W0.782T0.515, where C is the consumption rate of meiofauna in micrograms dry weight per animal per hour, W is the mysid size in milligrams dry weight, and T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. The weight dependence of the ingestion rate is identical to that of the metabolic rate but the temperature dependence is significantly lower. The mysid selectively feeds on the organic fraction of the sediments but only one-half of the ingested material (by weight) is of biological origin. In mid-April, mysid predation may result in a 12% per day mortality rate on harpacticoid copepods. Thus, mysid predation may strongly influence meiofaunal densities.

scholarly journals Interactions between different biological forms of aquatic macrophytes in a eutrophic tropical reservoir in Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thainá Alves Lycarião ◽  
Ênio Wocyli Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Floating Macrophytes

The aquatic plants and biological processes have different interactions and their knowledge may contribute to the understanding of environmental dynamics in wetlands. The aim of this study was to report the type of interactions that different biological forms of macrophytes stand in the eutrophic tropical reservoir of Penha reservoir, Northeastern Brazil. Data collection was captured every two months from October 2009 to October 2010, considering the hydrological cycle in one-year period. For this, twelve perpendicular transects (separated by 10 m) at the reservoir’s water edge were defined; each transect had two plots of 625 cm² (25 x 25 cm, separated by one meter) from which samples were obtained. Plants were collected and transported in identified plastic bags for subsequent quantification of the dry weight biomass; additionally, pressed samples were made in the field for identification purposes. The relative interaction index (RII) was used to identify the existence of positive and/or negative interactions between the biomass of the biological forms of aquatic plants. Student’s t-tests were used to analyze variations in the abiotic data and biomass over time, and to determine differences between the dry and rainy seasons. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between the biological forms and the biomass of the macrophytes, as well as environmental variables and RII. In the dry season, the environment was mainly composed of floating macrophytes (1 013.98 g/m²), with mats of submerged macrophytes (98.18 g/m²) that demonstrated a range of positive (RII= 1.0) to negative (RII= -0.2) interactions. The biomass of emergent macrophytes increased throughout the dry season (4.87 to 106.91 g/m²) due to the nurse plant effect that served as a substratum (RII= 1.0). During the rainy season the biomass of submerged macrophytes was reduced by 97 % due to direct and indirect relationships (RII= -1.0) to other macrophytes. Rainfall and emergent plants contributed to a reduction in the biomass of floating macrophytes (19.16 g/m²). The emergence of a third group of plants (emergent) lead floating plants to occupy other areas and excluded submerged plants. Overall, the interactions among plants within ecosystems were not definite due to stand composition and seasonality.

Binding of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Sediment

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
William F. Tivol ◽  
Ann C. Casey ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Brian Bush
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Electron Capture Detector ◽  
Average Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
St Lawrence River ◽  
Bound Analysis

Transport, cleanup, and bioremediation properties of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) bound to sediments depend on the specific components to which the PCBs are bound. Analysis of the sediment from Contaminant Cove on the St. Lawrence River by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector shows that the sediment contains 600 ppm PCBs. Previous work showed that there were both weak and strong binding of PCBs to sediment components, but gave no indication of which components were responsible for the binding.2 The average content of PCBs is below the limit of detectability by energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDX) for CI, but constituents which bind large quantities of PCBs could be detected. Sediment which is not contaminated with PCBs contains no detectable chlorine.EDX analysis was performed on a JEOL JEM-4000FX, using a cryo-stage (operated at -160° C) and a Tracor TN5500 system.

Relationships between total mercury in sediments and methyl mercury in the freshwater gastropod prosobranch Bithynia tentaculata in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Désy ◽  
J -F Archambault ◽  
B Pinel-Alloul ◽  
J Hubert ◽  
P GC Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
St Lawrence River

Total Hg concentrations in sediment and methyl mercury (MeHg) levels in the gastropod species Bithynia tentaculata were evaluated at 21 stations in the fluvial corridor of the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada). In the sediments (n = 21), total Hg concentrations ranged from 34 to 2790 ng·g dry weight-1. In the gastropods, MeHg concentrations varied from 15 to 290 ng·g dry weight-1 in undepurated gastropods (n = 20) and from 41 to 420 ng·g dry weight-1 in depurated gastropods (n = 13; without gut contents). The southern sector of Lake St. Louis, located near the Îles-de-la-Paix, had significantly higher Hg concentrations than any other sectors under study, both for total Hg in the sediments and MeHg in the gastropods. We established linear models to describe the relationships between Hg contamination in sediments and molluscs for the fluvial corridor of the St. Lawrence River and for the Lake St. Louis sector. Total Hg in sediments and MeHg in gastropods were highly correlated for all pooled stations (r = 0.83), and the relationship was even stronger for the Lake St. Louis stations (r = 0.92). Our study suggests that the gastropod B. tentaculata is a promising biomonitor species for assessing Hg contamination in the fluvial corridor and lakes of the St. Lawrence River.

scholarly journals Beberapa sifat kimia tanah, serapan P, K, Fe, dan pertumbuhan Ubijalar ((Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb) akibat pemberian ekstrak krandalit, fraksi humat dan kalium pada Ultisol Warmare

Cassowary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Sapriansyah Nusan ◽  
Ishak Musaad ◽  
Irnanda A.F. Djuuna
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
The Status

The aims of this research were to study some soil chemical properties, P, K, Fe uptake and sweet potato growth as the result of Crandalitte Extract, Humat Fraction, and Potassium application on Ultisol Warmare. The pot experiment was conducted in the Screen house, Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Papua Manokwari. The pot experiment has been done using Completed Randomize Design with 7 treatments and four replications , namely: A0 = no fertilizer (treatment); A1 = 100% crandalitte extract + 0% organic fraction + 0% potassium; A2 = 80% crandalitte extract + 10% organic fraction + 10% potassium; A3 = 60% crandalitte extract + 20% organic fraction +2 0% potassium; A4 = 40% crandalitte extract + 30% organic fraction + 30% potassium; A5 = 20% crandalitte extract + 40% organic fraction + 40% potassium, and; A6 = 0% crandalitte extract + 50% organic fraction + 50% potassium. The dosage of each treatment was 100-liter ha-1 (4 g Pot -1). Some soil chemical characteristics were analyzed for pH (H2O), pH (KCl), N-Total, C-organic, P-available, K-total, and Al-exchangeable. P, K, Fe concentrations. The plant growth variables were measured mainly for long steam on 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks after planting, biomass of trubus, Data were analyzed using statistical analyses of Analysis of Variance (F Test) and DMRT test. The result showed that the application of crandalitte extract, humic fraction and potassium was significantly increased the status of P-available and H-exchangeable, but not affected significantly for other soil chemical characteristics (pH H2O, pH KCl, C-organic percentage, N-total, and Al-exchangeable). Fresh and dry weight of sweet potato trubus were also significantly affected by those application, however it was not affected significantly on long steam; wet weight and dry weight of root and also root length of sweet potato. Among the treatments, the A2 treatment (80% EFC: 10% Organic fraction: 10% Potassium) showed a better value of the status P-available, H-exchangeable and the biomass of trubus. This might be related to the characteristic of acid mineral soil that need high P fertilizer and the balance application of organic matter and potassium.

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