Strontium:calcium ratios in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) otoliths and observations on growth and maturation

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D Friedland ◽  
David G Reddin ◽  
Nobumichi Shimizu ◽  
Ruth E Haas ◽  
Alan F Youngson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Sr:Ca Ratios ◽  
Maturation State

In this paper, we report on two data sets that have relevance to contemporary ideas on maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): (i) an analysis of maturity rate of Atlantic salmon captured in the southern Labrador Sea and (ii) a study of otolith strontium:calcium ratios for maturing and immature Atlantic salmon. A discrimination function based on gonadosomatic indices was developed to classify maturation state of Atlantic salmon caught in Newfoundland and Labrador fisheries during the period 1985-1988. Atlantic salmon believed to be on feeding migrations were found to be in advanced states of sexual development. In an attempt to clarify the meaning of these data, chronological transects of Sr:Ca ratios from the otoliths of maturing and immature one-seawinter fish were collected. Sr:Ca ratios deposited during freshwater residency varied by stock and appeared to reflect the environmental availability of Sr. Sr:Ca ratios deposited during marine residency appeared to reflect somatic growth and sexual development. We detected no differences in the postsmolt Sr:Ca ratios for mature and immature Atlantic salmon from a hatchery stock originating in North America, suggesting that for this stock, little differentiation occurs between the maturity components. Mechanisms by which environment may contribute to the variation in maturation rate of North American Atlantic salmon are discussed.

Otolith and fish size relationships, measurement error, and size-selective mortality during the early life of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1663-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Meekan ◽  
J J Dodson ◽  
S P Good ◽  
DAJ Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Weak Relationship ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Otolith Size

The development of the relationship between otolith and body size in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) between hatching and emergence was examined by repeatedly measuring individually identified fish. Otolith growth increments were deposited daily in the period between hatching and emergence. Comparison of back-calculated otolith size and standard length using least squares regression analyses revealed a weak relationship between these variables at each of the 5-day sampling intervals. However, when data sets were pooled among intervals, variation in otolith size accounted for 98% of the variation in alevin length. A computer simulation demonstrated that levels of measurement error similar to those documented in our study resulted in the failure of regression analyses to detect strong relationships between otolith and fish size. Mortality that occurred during the experiment was strongly size selective. This truncated the size ranges of fish in cross-sectional data sets and thus reduced the ability of regression analysis to detect relationships between otolith and fish size. We propose that the weak relationship between otolith and fish size at emergence recorded in previous studies was an artifact of measurement error and the truncation of size ranges in regression analyses. Differences in alevin size at emergence were present at hatching and had been propagated by growth.

Coupling genetic and otolith trace element analyses to identify river-born fish with hatchery pedigrees in stocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Perrier ◽  
Françoise Daverat ◽  
Guillaume Evanno ◽  
Christophe Pécheyran ◽  
Jean-Luc Bagliniere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hatchery Stock

This study combines otolith trace element and genetic analyses to explore the origin of individuals when hatchery-reared fish are released into wild populations. We sampled 90 juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) in four rivers in Normandy (France) and in the hatchery stock. Individuals were analyzed at six microsatellite markers and their otolith elemental concentrations (14 elements) were measured using femto-second laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Wild populations were genetically differentiated from the hatchery strain (FST ≈ 0.06). Significant differences in elemental concentrations were found among otoliths of juveniles from the four rivers and the hatchery, allowing the identification of their geographic origin (83%–100% correct assignment). Coupling genetic and trace element analyses on the same individuals provided formal evidence that hatchery-born juveniles released into the wild can migrate to the sea and return as adults to breed on natural spawning grounds. Their progeny have pure hatchery pedigrees but have otoliths typical of river-born juveniles, meaning that they can be mistaken for hatchery-raised juveniles if only genetic data are considered. The presence of hybrids also confirmed that individuals with hatchery pedigrees can breed with wild conspecifics.

Mitochondrial DNA and allozyme variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O'Connell ◽  
D. O. F. Skibinski ◽  
J. A. Beardmore
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Four restriction enzymes were used to assay mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Wales. A total of 122 fish from 22 sites, within three catchments, were analyzed. A further 368 fish from seven of these sites were also investigated at 19–21 allozyme loci. The allozyme and mtDNA data revealed significant genetic differentiation between and within catchments. The allozyme data were as informative as mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in distinguishing between populations of Atlantic salmon. The similarity between data sets in information content is in contrast with previous studies. The relative value of both techniques to fishery managers is discussed.

Effect of winter food deprivation on growth and sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in seawater

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Duston ◽  
R L Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Immature Fish

By identifying individual Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts (age 1+, mean weight 95 g), a tank study with four treatments (n = 175 fish per tank) indicated that maturation as grilse is associated with changes in somatic growth over many months, from July of the first summer in seawater onwards. The grilse rate in both sexes was associated with a relatively high condition factor from July onwards, but was independent of fork length. Food deprivation in either early winter (November-December, 8.2-4.1°C), late winter (February-April, 0.7-4.0°C), or both early and late winter (double deprived) reduced the female grilse rate (p < 0.01) to 4, 7, and 2% versus 18% in the control, whereas male grilse rate was reduced by a lesser degree (p > 0.05), 43, 39, and 33% versus 44% in the control. Mean condition factor among both maturing and immature fish decreased by a similar degree due to food deprivation but from spring onwards increased by a faster rate among incipient grilse. In a large experiment in four sea cages (each n = 3885 fish) using similar food deprivation treatments, the reduction in grilse rate was statistically significant in both sexes: among males, 28-36 versus 43% in the control; among females, 3-4 versus 6% in the control.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

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