Oxygen consumption, nitrogenous excretion, and filtration rates of Dreissena polymorpha at acclimation temperatures between 20 and 32 °C

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Aldridge ◽  
Barry S. Payne ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Metabolic Expenditure ◽  
Excretion Rates

Mussels were acclimated to each of four experimental temperatures (20, 24, 28, and 32 °C) for 30 days. Mussels averaged 10.29 mg tissue dry weight. Oxygen consumption rates at 32 °C were 3.65 times larger than consumption rates at 20 °C (p < 0.01). Ammonia excretion rates at 32 °C were 4.9 times greater than those at 20 °C (p < 0.01). O:N ratios were >60 at 20 and 24 °C but declined (p < 0.01) at 28 and 32 °C to <40. Filtration rates, an estimate of feeding rates, were not significantly different at 20 and 24 °C (p > 0.50) but declined at 28 and 32 °C (p < 0.01). Filtration rates at 32 °C were only 27% of the rates at 20 °C. These results indicate that (i) the metabolic expenditure of Dreissena polymorpha rose 265% as the temperature rose from 20 to 32 °C, (ii) metabolism relied more heavily on lipids and carbohydrates at 20 and 24 °C while protein catabolism increased at 28 and 32 °C, and (iii) the potential feeding rates of D. polymorpha declined by 73% as temperature rose from 20 to 32 °C. Above 28 °C D. polymorpha was unable to match energy expenditures with concurrent food intake and forced to rely on stored fuels.

scholarly journals Metabolism of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two origins in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Uxío Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Mussel seed Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) was cultivated on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain), from seeding to thinning out, for 226 d (November 1995–July 1996) and two aspects of metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and ammonia excretion rate (VNH4-N) were studied in situ.The model derived from multiple analysis of oxygen consumption accounted for 91.9% of the variance, based on dry weight of the mussels and the environmental factors quality of food (organic content) and mainly chlorophyll-a. Seed origin also showed significant influence. The seasonal pattern of the oxygen consumption can be attributed mainly to the variation of chlorophyll-a, which showed a higher range of values in the spring months.Origin of seed did not show a homogeneous effect on oxygen consumption throughout the cultivation period. Collector rope mussels showed higher oxygen consumption values at the beginning of the cultivation period and after the first 15 d, but the rocky shore mussels showed a higher oxygen consumption between days 22 and 110. Energy-conserving patterns and lower condition index at the onset of the experiment for rocky shore mussels could explain these initial differences.Multiple analysis on the variation of ammonia excretion rate provided a model that accounted for 72.6% of the variance based on dry weight of mussels, seed origin and the environmental parameters chlorophyll-a and total particulate matter. The rocky shore mussels showed a significantly higher excretion values for most of the cultivation period, although there was no constant tendency throughout. High excretion values were recorded between January and March, whilst for the rest of the cultivation period values were low.The O:N index was higher in collector rope mussels for most of the cultivation period, which may suggest a more favourable energy metabolism and/or a more appropriate nutritional state for these specimens.

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

Production, respiration and ammonia excretion of two polychaete species in a north Norfolk saltmarsh

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Nithart ◽  
Elisabeth Alliot ◽  
Chantal Salen-Picard
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The secondary production of Nereis diversicolor and Scoloplos armiger (Annelida, Polychaeta) was studied at Stiffkey saltmarshes (north Norfolk coast). Production estimation on the basis of monthly sampling (August 1992–July 1993) gives 17.91 g C m−2 y−1 for N. diversicolor, 3.37 g C m−2 y−1 for S. armiger. Oxygen consumption of individuals was studied using a respirometer at four temperatures (5, 10, 15 and 20°C). At 15 °C, the relationships between O2 consumption (mg h−1) and body dry weight (mg) is Y=0.003X0.695 for S. armiger and Y=0.003X0.498 for N. diversicolor. Ammonia excretion of S. armiger tends to increase with decreasing temperature whereas it increases from 5 to 15 °C for N. diversicolor. Carbon loss through respiration for the sampling period is estimated at 32 g C m−2 y−1 for S. armiger, and 31.7 g C m−2 y−1 for N. diversicolor. About 20% of the potential supply of phytobenthic carbon in the marsh would be converted by the populations of both species. Estimations of carbon and nitrogen budgets of S. armiger are discussed.

Energetics of Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, under Laboratory Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1012-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Sullivan ◽  
Kenneth L. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Anoplopoma Fimbria ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

We measured respiration, growth, ingestion, and excretion rates for sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, collected off southern California at a depth of 500 m and maintained in the laboratory. We also measured the water, protein, and lipid content of white skeletal muscle in both laboratory-held and field fish. Sablefish fed a large ration (14% of wet body weight) every 7–10 d showed growth rates two to three times higher than known growth rates for field fish. On a reduced ration (4% of wet body weight) sablefish grew at rates similar to field fish, but white muscle composition varied significantly from field fish. Oxygen consumption rates under constant temperature conditions showed a decrease in the weight-specific oxygen consumption rates with increase in body weight, ranging from routine metabolic rates of 195.8 mg O2∙kg−1∙h−1 for a 0.25-kg fish to 60.8 mg O2∙kg−1∙h−1 for a 2.78-kg fish. Based on measurements of respiration and excretion, sablefish were estimated to have 162 d of energy stored in the body lipids and did not show signs of starvation stress with food deprivation up to 6 mo in the laboratory. Energy allocation shows very slow growth rates, low conversion efficiencies, and low metabolic rates as adjustments made to large, infrequent meals.Key words: physiological responses, benthopelagic fish, growth, metabolic rate, respiration, excretion

Ammonia and Inorganic phosphate excretion by zooplankton from inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. I. Relationship between excretion rates and body size

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
E Hing Fay ◽  
SA Hutchinson ◽  
GM Boto
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Excretion ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Excretion Rates

Ammonia and phosphate excretion rates were measured on various copepods and some ctenophores, siphonophores, decapod larvae, mollusc larvae, polychaete larvae, chaetognaths and appendicularians from inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef during warm and cold seasons. Regression analyses showed high correlations between the excretion rate and body weight of zooplankton: in the warm season, log yn = 0.518 + 0.525 log x (n = 348. r = 0.612) log yp = -0.174 + 0.429 log x (n=117, r=0.570), and in the cold season, log yn = 0.186 + 0.518 log x (n = 268, r = 0,777) log yp = -1.002 + 0.740 log x (n = 255, r = 0.694), where yn is ammonia excretion (nanograms N per animal per hour), yp is phosphate excretion (nanograms P per animal per hour), x is body dry weight (micrograms per animal); n is the number of measurements, and r is the correlation coefficient. Since the two regression lines for ammonia excretion were parallel a Q10 value of 2.53 was calculated from the results of warm and cold seasons. This calculation was not possible for the phosphate excretion because the regression lines between the seasons were not parallel. The mean ratio of ammonia excretion to phosphate excretion (N:P ratio, by atoms) was 28.56 in the warm season and 24.48 in the cold season. The present results were compared with those of other workers who used zooplankton from different seas, and the effects of experimental conditions, such as injury of specimens, container size, incubation time and feeding on the excretion rates are discussed.

Ammonia dynamics during and after prolonged emersion in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller) (Bivalvia: Corbiculacea)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Byrne ◽  
Thomas H. Dietz ◽  
Robert F. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Corbicula Fluminea ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Freshwater Bivalve ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Metabolic Switching ◽  
Clam Corbicula ◽  
Excretion Rates

Hemolymph ammonia content during emersion and ammonia fluxes on reimmersion were examined in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Müller). Hemolymph ammonia levels remained at pre-emersion levels over a 5-day emersion period at 25 °C, but thereafter levels increased prior to death. On resubmergence after 3 days emersion, the initial rates of ammonia excretion were low and took 15 h to reach maximum levels. Duration of emergence did not affect postemergence ammonia excretion rates in individuals emersed for less than 3–4 days. These results indicate a lack of ammonia accumulation in aerially exposed specimens. Rather, C. fluminea appeared to suppress protein catabolism during emergence and avoided ammonia accumulation. Death on emergence occurred coincidentally with an increase in ammonia accumulation. After reimmersion, the delay in development of ammonia efflux maxima may represent metabolic "switching" from catabolism dominated by nonprotein energy stores to one partially supported by protein. Suppression of protein catabolism in air is an adaptation to the prolonged and unpredictable emergence not previously reported for any freshwater species.

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