EDTA toxicity and background concentrations of copper and zinc in Hyalella azteca

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Borgmann ◽  
W. P. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Copper Uptake ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels

The effect of the strong metal-complexing agent EDTA on survival, growth, and copper and zinc concentrations in Hyalella azteca was studied to determine if metal concentrations in control amphipods represent minimum physiological levels. Exposure to EDTA concentrations of up to 560 μM for 1 week did not reduce metal levels (mean background = 1.2 μmol Cu/g and 1.0 μmol Zn/g dry weight), indicating that background metals are firmly bound to Hyalella. Chronic (4 week) exposure to EDTA resulted in increased mortality and reduced growth rates, both of which could be partially ameliorated by adding zinc to culture media. This implies that EDTA toxicity results, in part, from zinc deficiency. In spite of this, however, zinc concentrations in Hyalella were not reduced in amphipods raised in the presence of high EDTA, implying that the observed background zinc levels represent minimum physiological levels. Copper additions to media were ineffective at reducing EDTA toxicity. Nevertheless, control concentrations are probably close to minimum physiological levels for copper as well, because high EDTA did not appreciably reduce copper in Hyalella in chronic tests, in spite of its ability to impair copper uptake from water at moderate water concentrations.

Kinetics of excess (above background) copper and zinc in Hyalella azteca and their relationship to chronic toxicity

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 864-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Borgmann ◽  
W. P. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Simple Diffusion Model ◽  
Control Body ◽  
The Impact

One-week-long metal uptake experiments with Hyalella azteca are potentially a powerful tool for rapidly assessing the impact of copper or zinc in contaminated water samples. Copper and zinc concentrations in whole body Hyalella are independent of body size for both control and metal-exposed amphipods. Uptake rates are rapid for both metals, but copper concentrations in Hyalella during continuous exposure peak at about 1 week, then gradually decline back towards control levels at an apparent rate of 0.039 d−1. Hyalella can, therefore, control body copper concentrations during exposure to elevated copper, but only gradually and after long exposure periods. Depuration rates for copper and zinc (0.16 and 0.68 d−1 respectively) are approximately five times slower than the apparent depuration rates during uptake, assuming a simple diffusion model. Uptake at increasing water concentrations results in saturation for both metals with maximum accumulations of 3.6 μmol/g dry weight above background. A mathematical model including saturation kinetics satisfactorily explains the more rapid approach to equilibrium observed during uptake than during depuration. Significant chronic mortality occurred at metal exposures that resulted in predicted accumulations of 1.8 μmol Cu/g or 1.3 μmol Zn/g above background after 1 week of uptake.

The effect of zinc orthophosphate and pH-alkalinity adjustment on metal levels leached into drinking water

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Churchill ◽  
D S Mavinic ◽  
D G Neden ◽  
D M MacQuarrie
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Standing Time ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Zinc Levels

A 12-month pilot plant study was conducted to evaluate a number of corrosion control treatments to reduce metal leaching from typical household plumbing materials. A pipe loop system was used to test six treatment options, with a control loop of the characteristically soft, acidic, Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) water. Four pH- alkalinity combinations and two concentrations of zinc orthophosphate (0.37 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L as Zn) were studied. at regular intervals, the flowing, treated, and control waters were allowed to stagnate in the pipe loop system for 8- and 16-h periods. Following the designated standing time, water samples taken from the lead/tin solder jointed, soft copper plumbing coils, the submerged, free standing coils of 50/50 lead/tin solder, and the brass faucets, were measured for lead, copper, and zinc levels. Overall, when compared to the control loop, the pH-alkalinity treatments appeared to exacerbate metal leaching in standing samples. The zinc orthophosphate treated loops were both effective at reducing lead and copper leaching to below control levels. In general, the two standing times showed little difference in the levels of leached metals. The exception to this occurred in the higher dose zinc orthophosphate loop, which had higher copper and zinc levels at the longer standing time. Key words: copper, corrosion, drinking water, lead, zinc orthophosphate.

scholarly journals Canine Liver Iron, Copper, and Zinc Concentrations and Association with Histologic Lesions

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Schultheiss ◽  
Cathy L. Bedwell ◽  
Dwayne W. Hamar ◽  
Martin J. Fettman
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Liver ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc were measured in livers of 95 dogs that were suspected of having liver disease. Iron concentrations ranged from 177 to 7,680 ppm (dry weight basis); 54 dogs had iron concentrations greater than the normal concentration of 1,200 ppm. Iron stores were present in Kupffer cells and macrophages but not hepatocytes. The dogs did not have lesions of hemochromatosis. Dogs with high liver iron tended to have high liver copper and inflammatory lesions. High liver copper concentrations usually were associated with hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis. High liver zinc was found in only 5 animals and was accompanied by histologic inflammatory lesions in one. In humans, increased iron concentration in the liver exacerbates liver damage caused by a variety of insults, and the same may be true for dogs.

Diurnal Variation of Serum Copper and Zinc in Epileptics Receiving Anti-Convulsants

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taylor ◽  
K. Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

1 Serial measurements of copper and zinc concentrations in serum were made at 06.00, 14.00, 22.00 and again at 06.00 hours in 37 male patients with epilepsy, aged between 9 and 19 years. Anti-convulsant drugs were administered at 08.00 and 20.00 hours, and standard hospital meals were allowed at 07.30, 12.00, 16.00 and 19.00 hours. 2 Similar to our previous results, eight patients (21.6%) had serum copper levels greater than the reference range (11.0–20.5 μmol/l) and this hypercupraemia was associated with carbamazapine and/or phenytoin medication. 3 No diurnal variation in serum copper level was observed. Serum copper concentration had no correlation with either 24 h urinary copper excretion or serum anti-convulsant drug levels. 4 Serum zinc concentrations were within the reference range (10–16.5 μmol/l), confirming our previous report. No relation with anti-convulsant medication or serum copper levels was found. 5 Diurnal variations in serum zinc levels with peak and trough concentrations at 06.00 and 14.00 hours, respectively, were observed. 6 It is proposed that these variations in serum zinc concentrations are a normal physiological process and is unlikely to be related to anti-convulsant drugs or epilepsy.

Effects of dietary zinc and copper on free radical production in rat lung and liver

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Kubow ◽  
Tammy M. Bray ◽  
William J. Bettger
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels

The effects of dietary copper and zinc on free radical production in lung and liver microsomes were studied in male weanling rats. The rats were fed for 6 weeks on one of seven diets, with different copper and zinc concentrations representing low, adequate, and high dietary levels of copper and low and adequate levels of zinc. Rats were put on diets arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial design with copper and zinc supplementations of 0, 15, and 500 mg/kg and 0.5 or 100 mg/kg, respectively. The low copper diet depressed copper levels in both the lungs and liver, although zinc levels were unchanged in rats on the low zinc diets. Endogenous carbon-centered lipid radical production in microsomes induced by NADPH was measured using spin-trapping techniques. The low zinc diets increased free radical production in lung microsomes but not in liver microsomes. No change in free radical production was obsrved in lung or liver microsomes obtained from rats on low copper diets. The data indicate that endogenous free radical production is increased in lung microsomes as a function of dietary zinc deficiency but is not influenced by copper status.

COPPER AND ZINC INDUCED CHANGES IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
K. SANKAR GANESH ◽  
P. SUNDARAMOORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes

Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants released to the aquatic environment by the various industrial activities. The use of these wastewater for irrigation results accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants. So, the present investigation deals with the various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/l) of copper and zinc on germination studies of soybean. The different concentrations of copper and zinc were used for germination studies. The seedlings were allowed to grow upto seven days. The studied morphological traits increased at 5 mg/l concentration and these parameters are gradually decreased with the increase of copper and zinc concentrations.

Evaluation of Metal Contents in Correlation with Phytosanitary Treatments at Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293
Author(s):  
Oana Mihai ◽  
Octav Pantea ◽  
Daniela Roxana Popovici ◽  
Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Short Time

The present work aims with the evaluation of copper, manganese and zinc concentrations (mobile forms) from vineyard soil before and after phytosanitary treatment with Curzate Manox and Dithane M-45 compounds, during and after remanence period. Different vineyard soils types were collected at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method was used for measurements of the micronutrients. The soil samples were analyzed after 5 and 21 days after treatment application. Since copper is mainly accumulates in the upper layer following fungicidal sprays application, high levels of copper concentrations are obtained. The soil samples exhibits different behavior in terms of manganese and zinc contents. Manganese and zinc levels are classified as medium in the beginning of the experiment (Mn-M0 and Zn-M0), whereas these levels increased in the soil samples (at moments M1- 5 days and M2- 21 days after treatment). This behavior can be due to the Mancozeb decomposition, knowing that Mancozeb decomposes in the pH range 5-9 and it remains short time into the soil.

Eliminating Thrips in Microshoot Cultures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 506d-506
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Holly J. Schwager ◽  
Mary W. George ◽  
Joseph P. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures

Two insecticides, acephate or azadirachtin, were added to tissue culture media to determine their effectiveness in controlling onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman.) and to determine if these insecticides could damage the plant shoot cultures. To test for insecticide phytotoxicity, microshoots from European birch (Betula pendula), American elm (Ulmus americana), `Pink Arola' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora), `America' rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense), `Golden Emblem' rose (Rosa hybrida), and `Gala' apple (Malus domestica) were placed in 130-ml baby food jars containing 25 ml of medium supplemented with 6.5, 13, or 26 mg/l Orthene® (contained acephate) or 0.55, 1.1, or 2.2 ml/l Azatin® (contained azadirachtin). Control jars lacked insecticide. To test for thrips control, 13 mg/l Orthene® or 0.55 ml/l Azatin® was added to Murashige and Skoog medium, and 10 thrips were placed on `Gala' apple microshoots in each jar. Jars were sealed with plastic wrap. In both studies, microshoot dry weight and heights were determined. In the second study, the total number of thrips per jar was also determined 3 weeks after inoculation. Microshoots on Orthene®-treated media lacked phytotoxicity symptoms, regardless of the concentration used. In contrast, Azatin® hindered plant growth, decreasing shoot height or dry weight by up to 85% depending on the species. Both insecticides prevented thrips populations from increasing, since less than 10 thrips were found in jars with insecticide-treated medium. Control jars, however, contained an average of almost 70 thrips per jar. This study demonstrated that both Orthene® and Azatin® were effective for eradicating thrips from plant tissue cultures, but Orthene® should probably be used because Azatin® was phytotoxic to all species tested.

Chemical and Biological Changes in Nelson Lake, Ontario Following Experimental Elevation of Lake pH

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D. Yan ◽  
W.A. Scheider ◽  
P.J. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Shield Lakes

Abstract Intensive studies of Nelson Lake, a Sudbury area lake of intermediate pH ~5.7), were begun in 1975. The chemistry of the lake was typical of that of most PreCambrian Shield lakes except that low alkalinities and high sulphate concentrations were observed along with elevated heavy metal levels. After raising the pH of Nelson Lake to 6.4 by addition of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, the metals were reduced to background concentrations. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton communities, which at pH of 5.7 were typical of PreCambrian lakes, were not affected by the experimental elevation of lake pH.

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