Concentrations of nucleic acids and protein as indices of nutritional status for recently emerged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. McLaughlin ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Wild Trout ◽  
Rna And Dna

We examined whether concentrations of nucleic acids and protein sampled from muscle tissue were useful indicators of nutritional status for recently emerged brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Trout collected from the field were maintained in the laboratory under two food treatments: fed versus food deprived. Concentrations of RNA and DNA, and RNA/DNA ratio did not differ significantly between fed and food-deprived trout, but fed trout had higher concentrations of protein and were 20% heavier at a given fork length than food-deprived trout. Wild trout fed in the laboratory had lower concentrations of RNA, DNA, and protein, and lower RNA/DNA ratios than did trout in the field, but were significantly heavier for their fork length. Tissue concentrations of protein may provide an index of nutritional status for recently emerged brook trout while concentrations of nucleic acids apparently do not. It is important to ensure that concentrations of nucleic acids and protein reflect nutritional status adequately for the species and life stage of interest before using these indices to assess the condition of fish in the field.

Performance of Indigenous, Exotic, and Hybrid Strains of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Waters of the Adirondack Mountains, New York

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1701-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight A. Webster ◽  
William A. Flick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Wild Trout

Eleven year-classes of wild, domestic, and wild × domestic hybrid strains of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were stocked in a 0.19-ha Adirondack pond. Comparative survival and growth were assessed upon drainage in early fall. Rearing native wild strains to maturity in a hatchery, or domestic strains in a natural environment, did not consistently or materially affect survival of progeny, suggesting that superior performance of wild strains was largely inherent. Interstrain hybrids of wild × domestic showed survivals equivalent to the wild parents, but hybrids of two Canadian strains gave evidence of heterosis in both survival and net yield. Supplementary observations in other waters also indicated that one strain (Assinica) may be less adaptable to Adirondack conditions than the other (Temiscamie).Key words: brook trout, wild trout, domesticated trout, interstrain hybrid trout, survival, growth, heterosis, hybrid vigor

Effects of pH, Aluminum, and Calcium on Survival and Growth of Eggs and Fry of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1580-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G. Ingersoll ◽  
D. R. Mount ◽  
D. D. Gulley ◽  
T. W. La Point ◽  
H. L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Life Stage Sensitivity ◽  
Acid Toxicity

Freshly fertilized eggs, eyed eggs, yolk-sac fry, and swim-up fry of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to a matrix of 84 combinations of pH (4.0–6.5), aluminum (0–1000 μg/L), and calcium (0.5–8.0 mg/L) in 21–91-d experiments. The response to pH, aluminum, and calcium exposure was dependent on life stage. Sensitivity to acid toxicity generally decreased with age (freshly fertilized eggs>eyed eggs>yolk-sac fry = swim-up fry). Survival or hatching of freshly fertilized and eyed eggs decreased at pH 5.2 and below, whereas survival of yolk-sac and swim-up fry was reduced at pH 4.4–4.0. Sensitivity to aluminum toxicity generally increased with age (freshly fertilized eggs = eyed eggs<yolk-sac fry<swim-up fry). At low pH, survival of freshly fertilized and eyed eggs increased with exposure to increasing aluminum concentrations, in contrast, elevated aluminum [Formula: see text] was often toxic to fry. Increasing calcium was beneficial to all life stages, although the magnitude of this benefit depended on life stage and on the specific pH and aluminum concentration. Survival after previous exposure to toxic combinations of pH, aluminum, and calcium generally improved during a post-exposure recovery period at pH 6.5. However, increased mortality in many exposure combinations did not begin until this recovery period.

Toxicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to early life stage brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) following parental dietary exposure

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2408-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney D. Johnson ◽  
Joseph E. Tietge ◽  
Kathleen M. Jensen ◽  
Joseph D. Fernandez ◽  
Ann L. Linnum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin

scholarly journals Changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during in vitro germ¬nation and elongation of Lilium longifforum cv. "Ace" polleni

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
William V. Dashek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Rna Levels

While changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during germination and subsequent tube elongation have been determined for a number of pollens, they have not been extensively examined for <em>in vitro</em> grown <em>Lilium longiflorum</em>, cv. `Ace' pollen. Nucleic acids and proteins were extracted with cold trichloroacetic acrid (TCA), cold-hot TCA or cold TCA and potassium hydroxide-perchloric acid (KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>). Following extraction, RNA, DNA and total protein were assayed colorimetrically with orcinol, diphenylamine and Folin-Phenol reagents, respectively. Extraction of 500 x g supernatants with KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>, yielded less RNA than either of the TCA-extraction procedures which gave similar nucleic acids and protein recoveries. Whereas total protein levels decreased initially and then increased during 36 h, RNA and DNA levels rose throughout the time-course. Precipitation and quaritiation of nucleic acids and protein from homogenized and soaicated 500 x g pellets resulted in time-dependent alterations in levels of macromolecules which differed from those for 500 x g supernatants. Whereas DNA and RNA levels increased and then decreased over 36 h, total protein levels remained constant for 12 h and then declined during the : next 24 h. Addition of the data obtained for 500 x g supernatants to those for 500 x g pellets revealed that total protein levels increased 2.4 times for the first 12 h and thereafter remained constant, that RNA levels increased 9.8 times for the first 12 h and then levelled off and that the DNA content rose more than 5 times over 36 h.

scholarly journals Generalized displacement of DNA- and RNA-binding factors mediates the toxicity of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lafarga ◽  
O. Sirozh ◽  
I. Díaz-López ◽  
M. Hisaoka ◽  
E. Zarzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Dna Binding Factors ◽  
Dna Replication And Repair ◽  
Rna And Dna

ABSTRACTDue to their capability to transport chemicals or proteins into target cells, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are being developed as therapy delivery tools. However, and despite their interesting properties, arginine-rich CPPs often show toxicity for reasons that remain poorly understood. Using a (PR)n dipeptide repeat that has been linked to amyotrophic-lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a model of an arginine-rich CPP, we here show that the presence of (PR)n leads to a generalized displacement of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins from chromatin and mRNA. Accordingly, any reaction involving nucleic acids such as RNA transcription, translation, splicing and degradation or DNA replication and repair are impaired by the presence of the CPP. Interestingly, the effects of (PR)n are fully mimicked by PROTAMINE, a small arginine-rich protein that displaces histones from chromatin during spermatogenesis. We propose that widespread coating of nucleic acids and consequent displacement of RNA- and DNA-binding factors from chromatin and mRNA accounts for the toxicity of arginine-rich CPPs, including those that have been recently associated to the onset of ALS.

Rate of Conversion of 14C-p,p′ -DDT to p,p′ -DDE by Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Absence of Effect of Pretreatment of Fish with Compounds Related to p,p′ -DDT

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
M. E. Zinck
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fingerlings were given four injections at weekly intervals of either p,p′ -DDT, p,p′ -DDE, p,p′-DDD, or p,p′ -DDMU to yield tissue concentrations of 1–5 mg/kg wet wt. The effect of these treatments on the subsequent dehydrochlorination of an injection of 14C-p,p′ -DDT was investigated. The rate of dehydrochlorination of 14C-p,p′ -DDT by the trout was not influenced by these treatments and was more highly correlated with factors such as the weight of the fish and their lipid content. Of the compounds injected during the treatment of the fish, p,p′ -DDMU was cleared more rapidly than the others.

Coastal populations of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, in Lac Guillaume-Delisle (Richmond Gulf) Québec

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1828-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Dutil ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
River Mouths ◽  
Fish Dispersal

Brook trout grow slowly in coastal streams and resident fish average only 15.6 cm during their fourth summer. Anadromous fish move into brackish water at approximately 20 cm fork length. In the gulf, the modal age is 4+ and age groups 3+ to 6+ account for 80–90% of the catch. Fish rapidly attain lengths of 35–40 cm, instantaneous growth in weight decreases from 1.27 for 2- to 3-year-old fish to 0.35 for 5- to 6-year-old fish. Dispersal from river mouths may be restricted to a distance of only 5–6 km. Late in July and throughout August, maturing fish of both sexes enter fresh water where ripening occurs. Movements at sea and duration of residence are controlled by salinity and temperature as influenced by maturation.

Anthropogenic and habitat correlates of hybridization between hatchery and wild brook trout

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Harbicht ◽  
Mohammed Alshamlih ◽  
Chris C. Wilson ◽  
Dylan J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Wild Trout

Human activities are breaking down barriers to interpopulation hybridization with results that range from populations that resist introgression to populations at serious risk of genetic extinction, particularly between wild and hatchery fish because of the routine stocking of lakes and streams containing wild populations. We investigated whether specific human actions and (or) habitat characteristics were associated with the extent of hybridization between hatchery and wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) occupying lakes in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. Hatchery and wild trout tended to hybridize more in lakes (i) supporting smaller populations (i.e., having lower pH and situated at higher elevations), (ii) stocked earlier in the season, and (iii) with greater exposure to other human activities (fishing). Our results highlight how particular human activities may interact with specific habitat conditions to elicit hybridization in wild populations. Hence, the use of readily available habitat and land use data may provide an economical means of anticipating hybridization or identifying indigenous populations with minimal introgression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document