Genetic Relationships Among Salvelinus Species Inferred from Allozyme Data

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 182-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope A. Crane ◽  
Lisa W. Seeb ◽  
James E. Seeb
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Estimate ◽  
Allozyme Loci

We studied phylogenetic relationships in the genus Salvelinus with emphasis on S. alpinus, S. malma, and S. confluentus. Sixty allozyme loci were resolved in 422 individuals representing six species from a worldwide distribution. We used phenetic (UPGMA), phylogenetic (Fitch and Margoliash), and maximum-likelihood techniques to derive estimates of Salvelinus phylogeny. Three almost identical topologies were produced, but we chose the Fitch and Margoliash topology as the best phylogenetic estimate. The distances used to construct this tree assume that gene frequencies are affected only by genetic drift, which we argued was the dominant speciation force in Salvelinus. This topology was also the shortest. Jackknifing the Fitch and Margoliash tree resolved the branching order among the three Salvelinus subgenera: S. [Baione], S. [Cristivomer], and S. [Salvelinus]. It also revealed two sister groups within the Salvelinus subgenus: S. leucomaenis – S. confluentus and S. alpinus – S. malma.

scholarly journals The use of retrotransposons as markers for mapping genes responsible for fitness differences between related Drosophila melanogaster strains

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Nuzhdin ◽  
Peter D. Keightley ◽  
Elena G. Pasyukova
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Pericentromeric Region ◽  
Related Strain ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Additional Locus

SummaryHitch-hiking of dispersed mobile elements serving as molecular markers was used as a new tool for mapping quantitative trait loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Two Drosophila strains with high fitness (HA) were backcrossed repeatedly to a closely related strain with low fitness (LA) to initiate experimental populations with expected HA gene frequencies of 1/32. The frequencies of 19 insertion sites of the retrotransposons mdg1 and copia were analyzed after 11 to 17 generations. Frequencies of sites from the HA line increased substantially in the pericentromeric region, indicating that one or more loci responsible for the fitness difference between the strains were located there. A maximum likelihood (ML) procedure was applied to estimate selection coefficients associated with the markers, and this indicated a broad, strongly selected region of the chromosome. At least one additional locus was localized in the middle of the 2L arm. Possible applications of this method are discussed.

The revised Permian genus Dagmarita Reitlinger, 1965 (Dagmaritinae, Foraminifera) and its phylogenetic relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
Valerio Gennari ◽  
Roberto Rettori
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Smaller Foraminifers ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Time

AbstractAmong Permian smaller foraminifers, the genus Dagmarita is one of the most studied due to its worldwide distribution. The detailed study of the Zal (NW Iran) and Abadeh (Central Iran) stratigraphic sections led to redescription of the genus Dagmarita and its taxonomic composition. In Dagmarita, a peculiar generic morphological character, represented by a secondary valvular projection, has been detected for the first time among globivalvulinid foraminifers. The phylogeny of Dagmarita, and in particular its ancestor Sengoerina, is discussed and the new species, D. ghorbanii n. sp. and D. zalensis n. sp., are introduced. Analogies and differences among all the species belonging to Dagmarita are highlighted and morphological features of the new taxa are shown in 3D reconstructions, useful for understanding differently oriented sections of the specimens in thin section.UUID: http://zoobank.org/3d8eb14c-7757-4cbd-877c-4bacd2d156da

Whale falls, multiple colonisations of the deep, and the phylogeny of Hesionidae (Annelida)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindi Summers ◽  
Fredrik Pleijel ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
New Members

Phylogenetic relationships within Hesionidae Grube, 1850 are assessed via maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA) data. The analyses are based on 42 hesionid species; six of these being new species that are described here. The new species, all from deep (>200 m depth) benthic environments (including whale falls) in the eastern Pacific, are Gyptis shannonae, sp. nov., Neogyptis julii, sp. nov., Sirsoe sirikos, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia ketea, sp. nov., Vrijenhoekia falenothiras, sp. nov., and Vrijenhoekia ahabi, sp. nov. The molecular divergence among the new members of Vrijenhoekia is pronounced enough to consider them cryptic species, even though we cannot distinguish among them morphologically. Our results also showed that the subfamily Hesioninae Grube, 1850, as traditionally delineated, was paraphyletic. We thus restrict Hesioninae to include only Hesionini Grube, 1850 and refer the remaining members to Psamathinae Pleijel, 1998. The present study increases the number of hesionid species associated with whale falls from one to six and markedly increases the number of described deep-sea hesionid taxa. There appear to have been multiple colonisations of the deep sea from shallow waters by hesionids, though further sampling is warranted.

Phylogenetic relationships of five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) based on RAPD analysis

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenguang Cao ◽  
G Scoles ◽  
P Hucl ◽  
R N Chibbar
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Wild Wheat

The genetic relationships among the five groups of hexaploid wheat: common, spelta, macha, vavilovii, and semi-wild wheat (SWW) are not clear. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to assess phylogenetic relationships among these five morphological groups of hexaploid wheat. RAPD data were analyzed using the NTSYS-PC computer program to generate Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients. A dendrogram based on RAPD analysis grouped 15 accessions into five distinct clusters. These results are in agreement with those based on morphological classification, suggesting that common wheat is most closely related to SWW, followed by spelta, vavilovii, and macha.Key words: RAPD, macha, spelta, vavilovii, semi-wild wheat, phylogenetic relationships.

Taxonomy, morphology, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909 (Diptera: Chironomidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Säwedal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Doubtful Species ◽  
Standing Waters

AbstractMicropsectra Kieffer, 1909 is described and diagnoses presented for the imaginal (♂♂), pupal and larval stages; females of the notescens-group are described. The genus contains at present 83 species of which 9 are described on females. The type material for 16 of these species has not been found. 142 species which have been listed under Micropsectra are presented in alphabethical order. This list contains: name of author, reference to description. name of original genus, present status of species, reference to the paper in which this was listed, collection in which the type material is deposited. Morphological characteristics, evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationships of Micropsectra are discussed. The genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra, Krenopsectra, Micropsectra and Paratanytarsus form a monophyletic group within the tribe Tanytarsini. The group is referred to as the Micropsectra series. Rheotanytarsus, the most plesiomorphic genus in the series, has a worldwide distribution. This supports the conclusions reached by the morphological analysis. The genera Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are only known from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. The great majority of Micropsectra species are found in the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. A smaller number of species occur in the northern part of the Oriental Region, which has the same environmental conditions as the adjacent areas of the Palaearctic Region. Two doubtful species have been reported from India. Genus Paratanytarsus has a wider distribution but clearly has its origin on the northern hemisphere. The habitat selection in the Micropsectra series is studied and compared with the phylogeny. The species within the plesiomorphic genera Rheotanytarsus, Parapsectra and Krenopsectra are found in streams and springs. In the more apomorphic genus Micropsectra many of the species occur in these types of habitats, though there are also a comparatively high number of species occurring in lakes. Paratanytarsus, the most apomorphic genus contains species which inhabit shallow standing waters. It seems probable that the ancestor of the Micropsectra series was an inhabitant of running water. A lectotype is designated for Tanytarsus retusus Goetghebuer.

The phylogenetic relationships of Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) based on partial mitochondrial DNA gene sequences

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3150 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
XIAOMING GU ◽  
HUI WANG ◽  
RONGRONG CHEN ◽  
YINGZHOU TIAN ◽  
SONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

We examined phylogenetic relationships among newst of the genus Paramesotriton using partial mitochondrial gene se-quences, including the ND2-tRNATyr region (1415 bp) and the 12S rDNA-tRNAVal -16S rDNA region (1774 bp), from 42individuals of 10 recognized Paramesotriton species and outgroups by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood(ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. We found that, (1) Laotriton laoensis is the sister group of Paramesotri-ton, (2) the genus Paramesotriton is monophyletic, composed of either the P. caudopunctatus species group and the P.chinensis species group, or the subgenera Allomesotriton and Paramesotriton (3) P. longliensis and P. zhijinensis shouldbe placed in the P. caudopunctatus species group or subgenus Allomesotriton; (4) P. fuzhongensis is not a junior synonym of P. chinensis, and there is a close phylogenetic relationship between P. fuzhongensis and P. guangxiensis.

scholarly journals An ITS-based phylogenetic framework for the genus Vorticella : finding the molecular and morphological gaps in a taxonomically difficult group

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20131177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
John C. Clamp ◽  
Dapeng Xu ◽  
Bangqin Huang ◽  
Mann Kyoon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

Vorticella includes more than 100 currently recognized species and represents one of the most taxonomically challenging genera of ciliates. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Vorticella has been performed so far with only sequences coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA); only a few of its species have been investigated using other genetic markers owing to a lack of similar sequences for comparison. Consequently, phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unclear, and molecular discrimination between morphospecies is often difficult because most regions of the SSU rRNA gene are too highly conserved to be helpful. In this paper, we move molecular systematics for this group of ciliates to the infrageneric level by sequencing additional molecular markers—fast-evolving internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions—in a broad sample of 66 individual samples of 28 morphospecies of Vorticella collected from Asia, North America and Europe. Our phylogenies all featured two strongly supported, highly divergent, paraphyletic clades (I, II) comprising the morphologically defined genus Vorticella . Three major lineages made up clade I, with a relatively well-resolved branching order in each one. The marked divergence of clade II from clade I confirms that the former should be recognized as a separate taxonomic unit as indicated by SSU rRNA phylogenies. We made the first attempt to elucidate relationships between species in clade II using both morphological and multi-gene approaches, and our data supported a close relationship between some morphospecies of Vorticella and Opisthonecta , indicating that relationships between species in the clade are far more complex than would be expected from their morphology. Different patterns of helix III of ITS2 secondary structure were clearly specific to clades and subclades of Vorticella and, therefore, may prove useful for resolving phylogenetic relationships in other groups of ciliates.

Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of Osmanthus (Oleaceae) including description of the new genus Chengiodendron

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 436 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-FU LI ◽  
MIN ZHANG ◽  
XIAN-RONG WANG ◽  
STEVEN PAUL SYLVESTER ◽  
QI-BAI XIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Osmanthus (Oleaceae) is considered one of the most confusing genera with regards to circumscription and phylogenetic placement of taxa within the subtribe Oleinae of Oleaceae, with controversies mainly focused on the attribution of section Leiolea. In the present study, we analyzed 71 samples that represent the broad taxonomic, biogeographic, and morphological patterns in the subtribe Oleinae. Based on concatenation of four plastid genes (trnL-F, trnT-L, trnS-G, and matK) and comparison with the ITS region, Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony phylogenies were inferred. Morphological character traits and geographical distributions of taxa were also studied. These results provide strong support for the segregation of the Leiolea clade (Osmanthus marginatus, O. matsumuranus and O. minor) of sect. Leiolea from Osmanthus. Therefore, the Leiolea clade is instated as the new genus Chengiodendron, with a taxonomic treatment provided. This study provides a clearer understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of genera in the subtribe Oleinae.

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