Genetic Relationships Among Chum Salmon Populations in Southeast Alaska and Northern British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kondzela ◽  
C. M. Guthrie ◽  
S. L. Hawkins ◽  
C. d. Russell ◽  
J. H. Helle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Mixed Stock

Allozymes from 46 loci were analyzed from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected at 61 locations in southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. Of the 42 variable loci, 21 had a common allele frequency <0.95. We observed significant heterogeneity within and among six regional groups: central southeast Alaska, Prince of Wales Island area, southern southeast Alaska – northern British Columbia, north-central British Columbia, and two groups in the Queen Charlotte Islands. Genetic variation among regions was significantly greater than within regions. The three island groups were distinct from each other and from the mainland populations. Allele frequencies were stable over time in 14 of 15 locations sampled for more than 1 yr. The geographic basis for heterogeneity among regions is confounded in part by spawning-time differences. The Prince of Wales and Queen Charlotte populations spawn in the fall; the mainland populations spawn mainly in the summer, although some overlap exists. Overall, most genetic diversity (97%) occurred within sampling locations; the remaining diversity was distributed almost equally within and among regions. Our genetic data may provide fishery managers a means to estimate stock composition in the mixed-stock fisheries near this boundary between the United States and Canada.

Biochemical Genetic Survey and Stock Identification of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1702-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
A. P. Gould ◽  
R. E. Withler ◽  
C. B. Murray ◽  
L. W. Barner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands

We examined genetic variability using electrophoretic analysis of 83 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stocks in British Columbia and used regional differences in genotypic frequencies of seven polymorphic loci to estimate stock compositions in a number of commercial and experimental test fisheries. Chum salmon from five regions could be discriminated: Queen Charlotte islands, north and central coast, west coast of Vancouver Island, the Fraser River and its tributaries, and the south coast (rivers draining into Johnstone Strait and the Strait of Georgia). Allelic frequencies from 33 stocks were generally stable over a period of 2 yr or more. South coast chum salmon was the dominant run migrating through upper Johnstone Strait in October 1982–85. The genetic method of stock identification provided managers with the relative proportions of Fraser River and other groups of chum salmon in a number of fisheries and allowed managers to regulate more effectively the exploitation rate of Fraser River chum salmon.

Population structure and stock identification of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from British Columbia determined with microsatellite DNA variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Brian Spilsted ◽  
Khai D. Le ◽  
Michael Wetklo
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Regional Estimates ◽  
Mixed Stock

Variation at 14 microsatellite loci was surveyed in 205 populations of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) from British Columbia to determine population structure and the possible application of microsatellites to estimate stock composition of chum salmon in mixed-stock fisheries. The genetic differentiation index (FST) over all populations and loci was 0.016, with individual locus values ranging from 0.006 to 0.059. Sixteen regional stocks were defined in British Columbia for stock identification applications. Analysis of simulated fishery samples suggested that accurate and precise regional estimates of stock composition should be produced when the microsatellites were used to estimate stock compositions. The main stocks that constitute the October 2007 samples of migrating chum salmon through Johnstone Strait in southern British Columbia were Fraser River (45%–64%), southern British Columbia mainland (22%), and east coast Vancouver Island (13%–28%), within the range of those to be expected in samples from Johnstone Strait. Microsatellites have the ability to provide fine-scale resolution of stock composition in British Columbia coastal fisheries.

A method to bin alleles of genetic loci that maintains population heterogeneity

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1570-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F Bromaghin ◽  
Penelope A Crane
Keyword(s):  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Dolly Varden Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Rare Alleles ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
High Degree

Fishery resources are often studied when individuals from multiple stocks are aggregated. For that reason, mixed-stock analysis (MSA), i.e., estimation of the stock composition of a mixture of individuals, is an important component of many research programs. Although many characteristics can be used in MSA, DNA loci, particularly microsatellites, have become extremely common. Microsatellite loci usually have a greater number of potential expressions, or alleles, than other marker types. A high degree of polymorphism can enhance the power of MSA, but allele proportions are estimated less precisely and rare alleles are absent or observed in very small numbers in typically sized samples. The reduced precision and presence of rare alleles can degrade the performance of some analytic methods. Although the effect can be reduced by binning alleles, which is common, an objective method of doing so has not been available previously. We present a method for binning alleles that reduces the number of rare alleles, largely preserves the genetic relationships observed among stocks, and modestly improves the performance of mixed-stock and individual-assignment analyses. The method is illustrated with data from Yukon River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and western Alaska Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma).

Biochemical Genetic Stock Identification of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Southern British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
Allan P. Gould
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Allelic Frequencies ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta

We used electrophoresis to examine genetic variability of 33 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stocks in southern British Columbia and used differences in genotypic frequencies among these stocks for estimating stock compositions in a weekly fishery in upper Johnstone Strait. Seven polymorphic loci were used for stock identification. Chum salmon from the Fraser River, Bute and Toba inlets, Vancouver Island, and the southern Mainland had significantly different allelic frequencies, but there was also significant heterogeneity in allelic frequencies at some loci within each region. Allelic frequencies were generally stable over a 2-yr period in nine stocks for which consecutive annual sampling was conducted. There was no significant two-locus linkage disequilibrium for the chum salmon stocks surveyed. Cluster analysis indicated that Fraser River and Bute and Toba Inlet stocks were distinctive, but Vancouver Island and Mainland stocks were not. The timing and relative abundance of Fraser River chum salmon in upper Johnstone Strait as estimated by electrophoretic analysis was confirmed by an in-river test fishery in the Fraser River.

Comparative Developmental Biology of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Fraser River, British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham ◽  
Clyde B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Eggs and alevins from 32 families of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from seven Fraser River stocks spawning at different times or in different tributaries were incubated in controlled water temperatures of 4, 8, and 12 °C. There were significant differences in egg and alevin survival among stocks and among families within stocks in the different incubation temperatures. Highest egg survival for a late-spawning Vedder River stock occurred at 4 °C, while egg survival from other stocks was highest at 8 °C. Late-spawning stocks had smaller eggs and earlier times of fry emergence than did early-spawning ones. There was no effect of spawning time on alevin hatching time. Alevins hatching at 8 °C were larger than those hatching at 4 or 12 °C, but there were no stock differences in alevin length or tissue weight. Stocks with greater egg sizes produced alevins of greater total weight. Fry emerging at 8 °C were larger than those emerging at 4 or 12 °C, and fry from early-spawning stocks were longer and had greater tissue weight than those from late-spawning ones. There were significant differences among families within stocks in size of alevins and fry, and family differences should be accounted for in studies of salmonid developmental biology.

Genetic Diversity Patterns of Chum Salmon in the Pacific Northwest

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Phelps ◽  
L. L. LeClair ◽  
S. Young ◽  
H. L. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hood Canal ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Spawning Time

We used starch-gel electrophoresis to examine over 13 000 adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, from 153 collections at 105 locations in Washington, Oregon, and southern British Columbia from 1985–92. We identified 39 variable loci and 36 monomorphic loci. In general, alleles that occurred at a frequency > 10% were found in all locations and were temporally stable within locations. Localized alleles usually occurred at a frequency <6%. Significant allele frequency differences were found among chum salmon populations with different spawning times (summer, fall, and winter), even within the same watershed, and among populations of the same spawning time in different regions. Significant among-population diversity was also found within regions. Multidimensional scaling and UPGMA cluster analysis grouped populations by geography and run-timing, except where past stock transfers have resulted in interbreeding of hatchery and wild fish. These analyses indicate that both geography and spawning time are important isolating mechanisms and that, compared with the other populations, summer-run chum salmon from the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Hood Canal are a distinct evolutionary lineage. This information is currently being used to conserve the genetic diversity of wild chum salmon and manage mixed-stock fisheries.

DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1748-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim T Scribner ◽  
Penelope A Crane ◽  
William J Spearman ◽  
Lisa W Seeb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Mixed Stock

Although the number of genetic markers available for fisheries research has steadily increased in recent years, there is limited information on their relative utility. In this study, we compared the preformance of different "classes" of genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and allozymes) in terms of estimating levels and partitioning of genetic variation and of the relative accuracy and precision in estimating population allocations to mixed-stock fisheries. Individuals from eight populations of fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Yukon River in Alaska and Canada were assayed at 25 loci. Significant differences in mitochondrial haplotype and nuclear allele frequencies were observed among five drainages. Populations from the U.S.-Canada border region were not clearly distinguishable based on multilocus allele frequencies. Although estimates of total genetic diversities were higher for the DNA loci (Ht = 0.592 and h = 0.647 for nDNA and mtDNA, respectively) compared with protein allozymes (Ht = 0.250), estimates of the extent of population differentiation were highly concordant across marker classes (mean theta = 0.010, 0.011, and 0.016 for allozymes, nDNA, and mtDNA, respectively). Simulations of mixed-stock fisheries composed of varying contributions of U.S. and Canadian populations revealed a consistent bias for overallocation of Canadian stocks when expected Canadian contributions varied from 0 to 40%, due primarily to misallocations among genetically similar border populations. No single marker class is superior for differentiating populations of this species at the spatial scale examined.

On the land mammals of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, by John Henry Keen, with a catalogue of specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Sealy
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
North Central ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals

From 1890 to 1899, the Reverend John Henry Keen collected plants and animals in the vicinity of the Anglican mission at Massett, on the north-central coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii), British Columbia, Canada. Keen's prodigious collecting efforts resulted in the first detailed information on the natural history of that region, particularly of the beetle fauna. Keen also observed and collected mammals, depositing specimens in museums in Canada, England and the United States, for which a catalogue is given. Several mammal specimens provided the basis for new distributional records and nine new taxa, two of which were named for Keen. In 1897, Keen prepared an annotated list of ten taxa of land mammals of the Queen Charlotte Islands, including the first observations of natural history for some of the species. Particularly important were the insightful questions Keen raised about the evolution of mammals isolated on the Islands, especially why certain species, abundant on the mainland, were absent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document