Influence of Environmental Factors on Heavy Metal Concentration in Lake Sediments in Southern Norway Indicated by Path Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1708-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Fjeld ◽  
Sigurd Rognerud ◽  
Eiliv Steinnes

We studied relationships between environmental factors and accumulation of Hg, Cd, Pb, and Ni in sediments in 132 lakes in southern Norway. Generally, the concentrations of Hg, Cd, and Pb in surface sediments were considerably elevated as compared with sediments deposited in preindustrial times whereas Ni concentrations showed only minor increases. By path analysis, we modelled how different environmental factors may influence the metal concentrations in surface sediments. The models indicated that both Hg and Pb were associated with sedimenting organic matter, and sediment concentrations were strongly influenced by atmospheric deposition (indirectly measured as metal concentration in mosses) and the amount of organic carrier particles in lake water. Cd behaved similarly, except for a weaker association with organic matter and a positive effect from pH, indicating that Cd is mobilized during acidification. Ni was associated with the inorganic fractions in lake sediments and seemed also to be mobilized during acidification. Geochemical contributions of Ni were larger in sediments than atmospheric deposition whereas atmospheric deposition was the major source of Pb. For the other two elements, estimates of geochemical contributions were lacking.

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1512-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Rognerud ◽  
Trond Skotvold ◽  
Eirik Fjeld ◽  
Stephen A Norton ◽  
Anders Hobæk

Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn concentrations in surface and preindustrial freshwater sediments from 66 lakes in the Norwegian and Russian Arctic were used for studying modern atmospheric deposition of these elements. Statistical analysis showed that, after adjusting for the effects of scavenging factors in sediments (organic matter, Al, and Fe), there were, in general, significantly higher concentrations of Hg and Pb in surface sediments than preindustrial sediments. The differences decreased with increasing latitude and increasing longitude to the east, and in the lakes from arctic islands of Svalbard and along the the arctic coastline of Russia, only Hg concentrations were elevated in surface sediments. We attribute this pattern to modern anthropogenic atmospheric deposition. There were no such differences or regional gradients for the other trace metals. A multivariate analysis of the sediment data showed that Hg and Se were associated with organic matter, whereas Cu, Ni, and Zn were associated with inorganic matter (Al, Fe). There was a shift in Pb association from inorganic matter in the reference sediment to organic matter in the surface sediment, which we interpret as an historic change in importance of sources (from bedrock-derived to atmospheric deposition).


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Irzzan Gaus ◽  
Haeruddin Haeruddin ◽  
Churun Ain

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran Pb dan Cd yang terjadi di perairan Teluk Semarang. Penelitian dilakukan di 2 (dua) stasiun penelitian berbeda yaitu perairan Tambak Lorok (stasiun I) dan perairan Mangunhardjo (stasiun II). Analisa kandungan logam berat pada sedimen dilakukan dengan menggunakan AAS. Perhitungan kandungan bahan organik dilakukan dengan metode Gravimetri. Perhitungan kandungan karbon organik dilakukan dengan mengonversi dari kandungan bahan organik. Karbon merupakan unsur yang dapat mengikat unsur-unsur lain di perairan. Proses identifikasi makrozoobentos dilakukan dengan metode check list. Rata-rata konsentrasi logam berat Pb dan Cd yang didapatkan di stasiun I sebesar 15,709 mg/kg dan <0,004 mg/kg, sedangkan rata-rata konsentrasi logam berat Pb dan Cd di stasiun II sebesar 12,283 mg/kg dan <0,004 mg/kg. Famili makrozoobentos tertinggi yang didapatkan pada kedua stasiun adalah famili Archidae dan Nereidae. Analisa makrozoobentos menghasilkan nilai keanekaragaman pada stasiun I sebesar 1.3008 dan pada stasiun II sebesar 1.00424; nilai keseragaman pada stasiun I sebesar 0.80823 dan pada stasiun II sebesar 0.9141; dan nilai dominasi pada stasiun I sebesar 0.32426 dan pada stasiun II 0.38776. Nilai korelasi antara logam berat dengan karbon organik sebesar 0,632, logam berat dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos sebesar 0,591, dan karbon organik dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos sebesar 0,496. Nilai korelasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang cukup kuat antar ketiga variabel tersebut. Nilai keseragaman makrozoobentos mendekati 1 yang menunjukkan spesies cukup beragam dan tidak terjadi dominasi di kedua stasiun. Nilai keanekaragaman makrozoobentos pada kedua stasiun berada pada nilai 1>a< 3 yang menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pencemaran sedang pada kedua perairan tersebut. This research supposed to know the level of Pb and Cd pollution that occurred in Semarang Bay waters. The research was conducted in 2 (two) different research stations that were in Tambak Lorok (station I) and Mangunhardjo (station II) waters. Analysis of heavy metals in organic contents used AAS. Calculated the organic matter contents used Gravimetri method. Calculated the organic carbon with covertion from organic matter contents. Carbon is an element that can bind other elements in the water. Macrozoobenthos identify processed used check list method. The average concentration of heavy metal of Pb and Cd from station I 15,709 mg/kg and <0,004 mg/kg, and average of heavy metal concentration of Pb and Cd from station II 12,283 mg/kg and <0,004 mg/kg. Macrozoobentos analysis resulted value of diversity in station I was 1.3008 and in station II was 1.00424; uniformity value in station I was 0.80823 and value from station II was 0.9141;  and dominance value from ststion I was 0.32436 and value of dominance from station II was 0.38776. Correlation value between heavy metal and organic carbon is 0,632, heavy metal and macrozoobenthos abundance is 0,591, and organic carbon and macrozoobenthos abundance is 0,496. Those correlation value indicated that there is a relation between the three variables. Uniformity value approached to one (1) that means existence of species good enough diverse and that mean there was no domination in those two (2) stations, and macrozoobenthos diversity’s value in the two (2) stations was 1> a <3 that mean there was indicated moderate pollution in both of research station.


2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipei Dong ◽  
Zhuolun Li ◽  
Qiujie Chen ◽  
Zhiqiao Wei

Total organic carbon (TOC) content in lake sediments is typically used for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments. It remains uncertain, however, whether these sediment variables in lakes supplied by groundwater in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert are applicable. Moreover, it is still uncertain whether the TOC content in these lakes can be used as a proxy to identify past climatic change and environmental evolution studies. In this study, the spatial distributions of the TOC contents and C/N ratios were analyzed for 109 surface sediment samples collected from five lakes without runoff recharge. The results revealed that the TOC content of the lake surface sediments was extremely low (0.03% - 1.01%) and consisted of both allochthonous organic matter carried by wind, as well as autochthonous organic matter generated in the lakes. Within a lake, spatial differences in the amount of TOC found in surface sediments may be caused by several processes including bathymetry topography and wind-induced wave activity. In addition, wind-induced wave activity produces a higher TOC content, which is more pronounced in larger lakes (>0.21 km2) with longer fetches. By contrast, in smaller lakes, organic matter accumulates in the deeper waters, but can be affected by many factors. It is therefore necessary to consider lake area when applying the TOC content of lake sediments for the reconstruction of a paleolake evolution. Furthermore, because the TOC content of lake sediments in hyper-arid regions is extremely low, and the organic matter may have a multiple and varied sources, a single proxy (TOC) cannot be used to reconstruct lake evolution.


2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Fernández-Cadena ◽  
S. Andrade ◽  
C.L. Silva-Coello ◽  
R. De la Iglesia

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