Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Jackass Morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus: Teleostei) from Australian and New Zealand Waters

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Grewe ◽  
Adam J. Smolenski ◽  
Robert D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence

The jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus), a commercially valuable marine fish in the Australian–New Zealand region, was surveyed for genetic variation as part of a larger project aimed at clarifying its stock structure. Mitochondrial DNA variation in 166 jackass morwong from seven southern Australian localities was examined using nine restriction enzymes. The 28 haplotypes identified gave an overall nucleon diversity of 0.671. Mean nucleotide diversity per sample was 0.458%, with a (corrected) nucleotide divergence among samples of 0.001%. There was no significant spatial patterning. Five hundred individuals from eight southern Australian localities and one New Zealand locality were examined using three restriction enzymes detecting polymorphic cut sites. The 33 haplotypes identified gave an overall nucleon diversity of 0.635. Mean nucleotide diversity per sample was 1.247%, with a (corrected) nucleotide divergence among samples of 0.002%. No differentiation was detected among the Australian localities. The New Zealand sample showed weak but significant divergence from the Australian samples. These results were similar to those from a concurrent allozyme analysis, and we conclude that there is appreciable nuclear and mitochondrial DNA gene flow among Australian localities, while the Tasman Sea separating Australia from New Zealand acts as a partial barrier.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, genotype fingerprinting and genetic relationships in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
John D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Apocytochrome B ◽  
Nuclear Dna Variation ◽  
Mean Similarity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variations were examined in six cultivars of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris and two (mtDNA) or one (nuDNA) accession(s) of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis. Total leaf DNA was digested with up to 15 restriction endonucleases, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and trasferred to nylon membranes. To examine mtDNA variation, blots were probed with mtDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) of both wheat and maize as well as apocytochrome b (cob) and Orf25 (orf25) of wheat. Sixteen combinations of mtDNA probes and restriction enzymes revealed 34 fragments that discriminated between at least two lentil accessions. For nuDNA analysis, probes from cDNA and genomic DNA clones of lentil were used to probe the same blots, and identified 46 diagnostic fragments from 19 probe/enzyme combinations. Each lentil accession could be unequivocably distinguished from all others on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragment patterns. The mitochondrial restriction fragment similarities ranged from 0.944 to 0.989, with a mean of 0.970 but nuclear restriction fragment similarities varied from 0.582 to 0.987, with a mean of 0.743. The apparent genetic relationships among accessions differed according to the source of DNA examined, although the commercial varieties Laird, Brewer and Redchief showed similarly high levels of mean similarity with both nuclear (0.982) and mitochondrial DNA (0.983). Key words: Lens culinaris Medik., genetic variation, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, lentil

Variation in the mitochondrial DNA of the potential biological control agent Chondrostereum purpureum

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod D Ramsfield ◽  
Simon F Shamoun ◽  
Zamir K Punja ◽  
William E Hintz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar was extracted and purified, and the size ranged from 51.8 to 66.4 kb. One isolate each from British Columbia, Alberta, Finland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand were found to have identical BamHI mtDNA restriction patterns, resulting in a mitochondrial genome of 63.8 kb. An additional isolate from British Columbia and one from Switzerland had different banding patterns, however, resulting in mitochondrial genomes of 66.4 kb and 51.8 kb, respectively. A sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) assay, based on a polymerase chain reaction, was developed to rapidly screen a larger population of 84 isolates from North America, Europe, and New Zealand. Two SCARs, one encoding the NADH 4 gene (3 kb) and the second encoding the ATPase VI and cytochrome b genes (5.1 kb), were digested with 24 restriction enzymes. There were no polymorphisms in the NADH 4 containing SCAR, while a single polymorphism was detected by NsiI in the ATPase VI - cytochrome b containing SCAR. Two mitochondrial haplotypes that were distributed throughout the sample population were thus identified. The coancestry coefficient (<$Q7A0D00000010446D80BFFEFF88A524F5343905055B98C420120907B4DDA9ECB1F0>) for all subpopulations of the sample population was calculated to be 0.0353. The level of gene diversity in the mtDNA ofC. purpureum suggested that the chance introduction of novel mitochondrial genes following biological control applications of the fungus is relatively low.

Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in Pacific Northwest populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Hale ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Tandem Duplications

We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to, speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid females.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, restriction endonucleases, Drosophila, evolution.

Mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA variation among members of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) species complex

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Sudhir K. Narang ◽  
Andrew F. Cockburn ◽  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
Michael Goldenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Species Specific

The extent of intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal RNA gene restriction sites was determined for the four sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex. Individual mosquitoes were identified by allozyme analysis according to previously published keys, and the total genomic DNA of these same individuals was then cleaved with restriction enzymes. Restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA, including the positions of variable sites, were constructed for each species. No evidence for interspecific hybridization was found in the populations surveyed. There was little variation in restriction patterns within any given species, but differences occurred among the four. Three restriction enzymes (AvaI, HindIII, and PvuII) yielded species-specific DNA restriction patterns for the mitochondrial DNA, while AvaI and HindIII produced diagnostic patterns for the ribosomal DNA. Thus, restriction patterns were very useful for detecting cryptic species but less appropriate than isozymes for studying genetic structure of populations within species.Key words: mtDNA, rDNA, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, species complex, sibling species.

scholarly journals A mitochondrial DNA PCR–RFLP marker for population studies of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Quinta ◽  
Laurentina Gomes ◽  
Ana Teia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dna Pcr

Abstract Black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), a commercially valuable marine fish off Portugal and the Madeira Archipelago, was surveyed for mitochondrial DNA variation of part of the cytochrome b gene. In all, 51 fish from three Northeast Atlantic localities were examined using ten restriction enzymes. Overall nucleon diversity was 0.180. Genetic differentiation (θ=0.25) was significant; the Madeira Archipelago sample was distinguishable from samples from the other two localities. The approach should be useful for a more extensive study of black scabbardfish populations.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Strains Stocked into Lake Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Grewe ◽  
Charles C. Krueger ◽  
Charles F. Aquadro ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham ◽  
Harold L. Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Haplotype Information

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined in 492 fish representing six lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains used for stocking and restoring populations in Lake Ontario. mtDNA was extracted from 432 fish by a total DNA isolation protocol (CTAB). mtDNA was also extracted from 60 additional fish using the purification method of CsCl ultracentrifugation. The more rapid CTAB protocol made feasible analysis of sample sizes (n ≥ 80 per strain) required as baseline data for future mixed-stock analysis (MSA). Restriction enzymes AvaI, BamHI, HinfI, and TaqI resolved seven mtDNA haplotypes and were used to characterize fish from each of six strains (Clearwater, Jenny, Killala, Manitou, Seneca, and Superior). Frequencies of these haplotypes were significantly different among the six strains (p < 0.001). Differences between haplotype frequencies of the Killala and Superior strains were striking and permit greater discrimination of these strains than allozyme data. The level of differentiation observed among strains indicates that mtDNA haplotype information will enhance the ability of MSA to determine the hatchery strains that serve as parents to lake trout fry collected from Lake Ontario.

scholarly journals Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation within threatened species and subspecies of the giant New Zealand land snail genus Powelliphanta: implications for classification and conservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Buckley ◽  
Daniel J. White ◽  
Robyn Howitt ◽  
Thomas Winstanley ◽  
Ana Ramón-Laca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Dna Variation

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River and James Bay Drainage Basins in Quebec, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Guénette ◽  
R. Fortin ◽  
E. Rassart
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
St Lawrence River

Restriction fragment length pattern analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to assess genetic differentiation in sympatric lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from the St. Lawrence River drainage basin (St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers and Lac des Deux Montagnes) and in sturgeon from the Waswanipi River (James Bay drainage basin). Using 14 restriction enzymes on mtDNA from 82 specimens, the genetic divergence was relatively low (d = 0.219–0.744%), as only three genotypes were found. Genotype 1 is present at all sites whereas genotype 2 is present only in Lac des Deux Montagnes and the Ottawa and Waswanipi rivers. The St. Lawrence River sturgeon form a homogeneous genotypic group that was not found significantly different from sturgeon from Lac des Deux Montagnes. The genetic heterogeneity seemed higher in the James Bay drainage population than in the St. Lawrence drainage populations that probably have been more significantly influenced by overfishing and man-made habitat changes.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA variation and phylogeography of native Mongolian goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onolragchaa Ganbold ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Woon Kee Paek ◽  
Munkhbaatar Munkhbayar ◽  
Dongwon Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Hypervariable Region 1 ◽  
Phylogenetic Status

Objective: Mongolia is one of a few countries that supports over 25 million goats, but genetic diversity, demographic history, and the origin of goat populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic status and population structure of Mongolian native goats, as well as to discuss their origin together with other foreign breeds from different countries using hypervariable region 1 (HV1) in mtDNA.Methods: In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of Mongolian native goat populations using a 452 base-pair long fragment of HVI of mitochondrial DNA from 174 individuals representing 12 populations. In addition, 329 previously published reference sequences from different regions were included in our phylogenetic analyses.Results: Investigated native Mongolian goats displayed relatively high genetic diversities. After sequencing, we found a total of 109 polymorphic sites that defined 137 haplotypes among investigated populations. Of these, haplotype and nucleotide diversities of Mongolian goats were calculated as 0.997±0.001 and 0.0283±0.002, respectively. These haplotypes clearly clustered into four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), with the predominance of haplogroup A (90.8%). Estimates of pairwise differences (Fst) and the analysis of molecular variance values among goat populations in Mongolia showed low genetic differentiation and weak geographical structure. In addition, Kazakh, Chinese (from Huanghuai and Leizhou), and Arabian (Turkish and Baladi breeds) goats had smaller genetic differentiation compared to Mongolian goats.Conclusion: In summary, we report novel information regarding genetic diversity, population structure, and origin of Mongolian goats. The findings obtained from this study reveal that abundant haplogroups (A to D) occur in goat populations in Mongolia, with high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity.

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