Mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA variation among members of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) species complex

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. Mitchell ◽  
Sudhir K. Narang ◽  
Andrew F. Cockburn ◽  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
Michael Goldenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽  
Species Specific

The extent of intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal RNA gene restriction sites was determined for the four sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex. Individual mosquitoes were identified by allozyme analysis according to previously published keys, and the total genomic DNA of these same individuals was then cleaved with restriction enzymes. Restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA, including the positions of variable sites, were constructed for each species. No evidence for interspecific hybridization was found in the populations surveyed. There was little variation in restriction patterns within any given species, but differences occurred among the four. Three restriction enzymes (AvaI, HindIII, and PvuII) yielded species-specific DNA restriction patterns for the mitochondrial DNA, while AvaI and HindIII produced diagnostic patterns for the ribosomal DNA. Thus, restriction patterns were very useful for detecting cryptic species but less appropriate than isozymes for studying genetic structure of populations within species.Key words: mtDNA, rDNA, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, species complex, sibling species.

Identification of cyst forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) based on the ribosomal DNA-RFLP

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Subbotin ◽  
Lieven Waeyenberge ◽  
Maurice Moens
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Amplified ITS region products of rDNA from 25 valid species and one unidentified species from the genus Heterodera and from Meloidodera alni were digested by 26 restriction enzymes. A combination of seven enzymes clearly separated the agriculturally most important species from each other and from their sibling species. Species specific digestion profiles of ITS regions and a table with approximate sizes of digested fragments for several identification enzymes are given. Heterogeneity of ITS regions was revealed for some cyst forming nematode species. Des fragments amplifiés de la région de l’ITS du rDNA de 25 espèces valides et d’une espèce non identifiée du genre Heterodera et de Meloidodera alni ont été soumis à une digestion par 26 enzymes de restriction. La combinaison de sept enzymes a permis une séparation nette des espèces les plus importantes en agriculture, tant les unes par rapport aux autres que par rapport aux espèces jumelles. Sont donnés les profils spécifiques de digestion des régions de l’ITS et un tableau regroupant les tailles approximatives des fragments digérés pour plusieurs enzymes d’identification. L’hétérogénéité des régions de l’ITS a été révélée chez quelques espèces de nématodes à kyste.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, genotype fingerprinting and genetic relationships in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
John D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Apocytochrome B ◽  
Nuclear Dna Variation ◽  
Mean Similarity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variations were examined in six cultivars of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris and two (mtDNA) or one (nuDNA) accession(s) of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis. Total leaf DNA was digested with up to 15 restriction endonucleases, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and trasferred to nylon membranes. To examine mtDNA variation, blots were probed with mtDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) of both wheat and maize as well as apocytochrome b (cob) and Orf25 (orf25) of wheat. Sixteen combinations of mtDNA probes and restriction enzymes revealed 34 fragments that discriminated between at least two lentil accessions. For nuDNA analysis, probes from cDNA and genomic DNA clones of lentil were used to probe the same blots, and identified 46 diagnostic fragments from 19 probe/enzyme combinations. Each lentil accession could be unequivocably distinguished from all others on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragment patterns. The mitochondrial restriction fragment similarities ranged from 0.944 to 0.989, with a mean of 0.970 but nuclear restriction fragment similarities varied from 0.582 to 0.987, with a mean of 0.743. The apparent genetic relationships among accessions differed according to the source of DNA examined, although the commercial varieties Laird, Brewer and Redchief showed similarly high levels of mean similarity with both nuclear (0.982) and mitochondrial DNA (0.983). Key words: Lens culinaris Medik., genetic variation, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, lentil

PCR-based genetic identification of marlin and other billfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Innes ◽  
P. M. Grewe ◽  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Species Specific

A genetic test was developed for the identification of the six species of billfish found in Australian waters (black marlin, Indo–Pacific blue marlin, striped marlin, Indo–Pacific sailfish, shortbill spearfish and broadbill swordfish). The test was based on the PCR–RFLP analysis of a 1400 bp region of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the d-loop, using four restriction enzymes (Hinf I, Rsa I and Sau3A I andTaq I). A total of 33 composite haplotypes were observed among 160 fish; all were species-specific. Three of the species—black marlin, striped marlin and broadbill swordfish—showed sufficient intra-specific variation to be useful in population structure analyses.

Mitochondrial DNA variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura and related species in Pacific Northwest populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Hale ◽  
Andrew T. Beckenbach
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Tandem Duplications

We have analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Pacific Northwest populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, D. persimilis, and D. miranda using six restriction enzymes. We find that HpaII restriction sites are hypervariable compared to the other enzymes used. This hypervariability allows construction of a maximum parsimony map linking each mtDNA genotype. Small insertions, possibly tandem duplications, appear to have arisen concomitantly with, or subsequent to, speciation events, perhaps within the A + T rich region. Convergence of mtDNA genotypes is also evident. Unlike findings for other populations of these species, we find little evidence of mitochondrial introgression between D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, despite their ability to produce fertile hybrid females.Key words: mitochondrial DNA, restriction endonucleases, Drosophila, evolution.

Ribosomal DNA variation in the grasshopper, Dichroplus elongatus

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Clemente ◽  
M I Remis ◽  
J C Vilardi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
And Migration

We report an RFLP analysis of ribosomal DNA variation in natural populations of the grasshopper, Dichroplus elongatus, previously analyzed for mitochondrial DNA variation. DNA samples were digested with five restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, andXbaI.BamHI was the only enzyme that showed no variation. The remaining enzymes showed fragment size variation at both intra- and interpopulation levels. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the average number of length variants per individual is significantly associated with altitude. Moreover, the same analysis indicated that the frequency of some restriction variants exhibits a significant regression on both geographic and climatic variables. The intra- and interpopulation variability of rDNA was analysed by Lynch's and Hedrick's similarity indices using presence or absence of a fragment and band intensities, respectively. The corresponding neighbour-joining (N-J) trees based on Lynch's and Hedrick's genetic distances resulted in similar topologies. However, these trees were not in agreement with the N-J dendrogram obtained from mtDNA data previously reported by Clemente et al. (2000). The disagreement between mtDNA and rDNA phenograms along with the observed correlation between rDNA variability and geographical and climatic variables suggest some form of selection, besides genetic drift and migration, is involved in the pattern of rDNA variation.Key words: Dichroplus elongatus, ribosomal DNA, RFLP, environmental variables.

scholarly journals A mitochondrial DNA PCR–RFLP marker for population studies of the black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Quinta ◽  
Laurentina Gomes ◽  
Ana Teia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dna Pcr

Abstract Black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), a commercially valuable marine fish off Portugal and the Madeira Archipelago, was surveyed for mitochondrial DNA variation of part of the cytochrome b gene. In all, 51 fish from three Northeast Atlantic localities were examined using ten restriction enzymes. Overall nucleon diversity was 0.180. Genetic differentiation (θ=0.25) was significant; the Madeira Archipelago sample was distinguishable from samples from the other two localities. The approach should be useful for a more extensive study of black scabbardfish populations.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Strains Stocked into Lake Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Grewe ◽  
Charles C. Krueger ◽  
Charles F. Aquadro ◽  
Eldredge Bermingham ◽  
Harold L. Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Mixed Stock ◽  
Haplotype Information

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was examined in 492 fish representing six lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains used for stocking and restoring populations in Lake Ontario. mtDNA was extracted from 432 fish by a total DNA isolation protocol (CTAB). mtDNA was also extracted from 60 additional fish using the purification method of CsCl ultracentrifugation. The more rapid CTAB protocol made feasible analysis of sample sizes (n ≥ 80 per strain) required as baseline data for future mixed-stock analysis (MSA). Restriction enzymes AvaI, BamHI, HinfI, and TaqI resolved seven mtDNA haplotypes and were used to characterize fish from each of six strains (Clearwater, Jenny, Killala, Manitou, Seneca, and Superior). Frequencies of these haplotypes were significantly different among the six strains (p < 0.001). Differences between haplotype frequencies of the Killala and Superior strains were striking and permit greater discrimination of these strains than allozyme data. The level of differentiation observed among strains indicates that mtDNA haplotype information will enhance the ability of MSA to determine the hatchery strains that serve as parents to lake trout fry collected from Lake Ontario.

scholarly journals HOLARCTIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF AN ASEXUAL SPECIES COMPLEX I. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION IN ARCTIC DAPHNIA

Evolution ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Weider ◽  
Anders Hobaek ◽  
John K. Colbourne ◽  
Teresa J. Crease ◽  
France Dufresne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Asexual Species
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