Why Are the PCB Concentrations of Salmonine Individuals from the Same Lake So Highly Variable?

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Madenjian ◽  
Stephen R. Carpenter ◽  
Peter S. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Gross Growth Efficiency

An individual-based model (IBM) was applied to the Lake Michigan rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population, with the objectives of explaining the observed variation in growth and in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration within the population. When variation in prey PCB concentration was incorporated into the model, variability in PCB concentration among individual rainbow trout was fully explained by the IBM. Although number of spawnings and number of years spent in a stream prior to first entering the lake were factors in determining growth, these life history characteristics appeared to have only a minor impact on PCB accumulation rate in rainbow trout. The IBM application to the rainbow trout population was compared with an application to the Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population. Modeling results indicated that the lower observed PCB concentrations in rainbow trout compared with lake trout were chiefly due to greater longevity in lake trout. The IBM simulations identified gross growth efficiency, assimilation efficiency of PCBs from food, and diet as other important sources of variability in salmonine PCB concentrations.

A new approach toward evaluation of fish bioenergetics models

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Daniel V O'Connor ◽  
David A Nortrup
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bioenergetics Model

A new approach was used to evaluate the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Lake trout in laboratory tanks were fed alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), prey typical of lake trout in Lake Michigan. Food consumption and growth by lake trout during the experiment were measured. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations of the alewife and rainbow smelt, as well as of the lake trout at the beginning and end of the experiment, were determined. From these data, we calculated that lake trout retained 81% of the PCBs contained within their food. In an earlier study, application of the Wisconsin lake trout bioenergetics model to growth and diet data for lake trout in Lake Michigan, in conjunction with PCB data for lake trout and prey fish from Lake Michigan, yielded an estimate of PCB assimilation efficiency from food of 81%. This close agreement in the estimates of efficiency with which lake trout retain PCBs from their food indicated that the bioenergetics model was furnishing accurate predictions of food consumption by lake trout in Lake Michigan.

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

Depletion of selected polychlorinated biphenyl, dibenzodioxin, and dibenzofuran congeners in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A hint for safer fish farming

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Brambilla ◽  
Elena Dellatte ◽  
Igor Fochi ◽  
Nicola Iacovella ◽  
Roberto Miniero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Physiological basis of metabolic trade-offs between growth and performance among different strains of rainbow trout

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
Jordan Rosenfeld ◽  
Jeffrey Richards
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trade Offs

Adaptive trade-offs define the trait combinations that differentiate taxa and allow coexistence along environmental gradients. To understand the physiological trade-offs associated with growth, we examined relationships among metabolic rate, digestive capacity, tissue energy content, and growth in juveniles of three strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that differ in growth. Fish were reared under satiation, 1% of body mass per day, and complete food deprivation treatments to assess differences in performance and adaptive trade-offs along a gradient of resource availability. The fast-growing hatchery strain had higher standard metabolic rate (SMR), lower aerobic scope, and potentially lower maximum metabolic rates, suggesting that high growth trades off against a reduced capacity to do metabolic work. Trout with high growth rates also generally had larger gastrointestinal tracts, maximum food consumption, and growth efficiency. Results demonstrate (i) higher SMR of fast growers appears to be related to a greater investment in high-maintenance digestive tissue that supports rapid growth; (ii) growth appears to trade off against active metabolism; and (iii) selection on growth involves a suite of integrated physiological and anatomical traits that are affected by both genotype and environment (ration).

The effect of vitamin premix in extruded plant-based and fish meal based diets on growth efficiency and health of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Aquaculture ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 283 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic T. Barrows ◽  
T. Gibson Gaylord ◽  
Wendy M. Sealey ◽  
Lucas Porter ◽  
Charlie E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Gross Growth Efficiency of Fish (K1) Based on Field Observations of Annual Growth and Kinetics of Persistent Environmental Contaminants

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Gross Growth Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

The gross growth efficiency of fish (K1) in the field was estimated by incorporating concepts from fish physiology and environmental toxicology into a growth model. Using lake trout and coho salmon as examples, annual growth was estimated from age vs. weight relationships, and food intake was estimated from annual increases in body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Log K1 is suggested to decrease over the life span of a fish.Key words: growth efficiency, annual growth, fish, contaminants

Rates of decrease of polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in five species of Lake Michigan salmonids

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Conrad Lamon III ◽  
S R Carpenter ◽  
C A Stow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Concentration Changes

Dynamic linear models (DLM) were used to study time trends in annual average polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in five species of Lake Michigan salmonids using data collected from 1972 to 1994 by both the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. DLMs use an adaptive fitting procedure to track changes over time in both the level (mean) of the series and the rate of increase or decline (growth rate), in contrast with other approaches that fit fixed parameters. We used DLMs to provide retrospective time series of estimates of rates of decline in PCB concentrations. Growth parameters indicate that PCB declines have slowed more than first-order models fit in the mid-1980s would predict. Growth parameters for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) increased only slightly, indicating the most consistency with first-order dynamics. Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) showed a pattern of high rates of decline in the early to mid-1980s followed by a period of slower PCB concentration changes. The temporal pattern of rates of decline for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stood apart from the other species, with a growth parameter that increased steadily during the entire period of record.

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