Gross Growth Efficiency of Fish (K1) Based on Field Observations of Annual Growth and Kinetics of Persistent Environmental Contaminants

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Gross Growth Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

The gross growth efficiency of fish (K1) in the field was estimated by incorporating concepts from fish physiology and environmental toxicology into a growth model. Using lake trout and coho salmon as examples, annual growth was estimated from age vs. weight relationships, and food intake was estimated from annual increases in body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Log K1 is suggested to decrease over the life span of a fish.Key words: growth efficiency, annual growth, fish, contaminants

Why Are the PCB Concentrations of Salmonine Individuals from the Same Lake So Highly Variable?

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Madenjian ◽  
Stephen R. Carpenter ◽  
Peter S. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Gross Growth Efficiency

An individual-based model (IBM) was applied to the Lake Michigan rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population, with the objectives of explaining the observed variation in growth and in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentration within the population. When variation in prey PCB concentration was incorporated into the model, variability in PCB concentration among individual rainbow trout was fully explained by the IBM. Although number of spawnings and number of years spent in a stream prior to first entering the lake were factors in determining growth, these life history characteristics appeared to have only a minor impact on PCB accumulation rate in rainbow trout. The IBM application to the rainbow trout population was compared with an application to the Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population. Modeling results indicated that the lower observed PCB concentrations in rainbow trout compared with lake trout were chiefly due to greater longevity in lake trout. The IBM simulations identified gross growth efficiency, assimilation efficiency of PCBs from food, and diet as other important sources of variability in salmonine PCB concentrations.

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

The relationship between the size of some salmonid fishes and the intensity of their acanthocephalan infections

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Maximal Increase

Of the complex factors affecting the abundance of acanthocephalan infections in their definitive fish hosts, those related to fish age are considered. In Lake Michigan, the abundance of some 8000 worms, mostly Echinorhynchus salmonis (Müller, 1784), was independent of the age (weight) of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), using linear regression analysis. Other E. salmonis infection patterns include steady increase in abundance with host age and a maximal increase in midage. A decrease in abundance with host age was demonstrated in other acanthocephalan species. The above patterns were primarily related to host feeding behavior as well as spatial and seasonal distribution of invertebrate and vertebrate larval hosts. A progressive increase in the abundance of Echinorhynchus through midage or through life is associated with a stable intake of an invertebrate diet, including the infected intermediate host, in larger volumes by older fish. Loss of the latter two patterns is affected by destabilizing the above trend through total or partial replacement of the invertebrate diet with a piscivorous one.

scholarly journals Ambient temperature and algal prey type affect essential fatty acid incorporation and trophic upgrading in a herbivorous marine copepod

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20200039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Helenius ◽  
Suzanne M. Budge ◽  
Heather Nadeau ◽  
Catherine L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Gross Growth Efficiency

The essential fatty acids (EFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are critical nutrients for all organisms, and the temperature sensitivity of their trophic transfer in marine systems is of concern because of rising ocean temperatures. Laboratory-reared copepodites of the marine calanoid Calanus finmarchicus were used to test the effects of temperature (at 6°C, 12°C and increasing temperature stress) and prey type (the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii ) on the extent and efficiency of dietary EPA and DHA incorporation from phytoplankton to copepods in a set of feeding experiments using 13 C labelling. Temperature was a significant determinant of C . finmarchicus copepodites' EFA incorporation and gross growth efficiency, defined as the fraction of ingested EFA retained in copepod tissue. Ingestion and incorporation of both EFA were higher at warmer temperature, except in the case of DHA in copepods feeding on diatoms. DHA-associated growth efficiency was higher at the higher temperature for copepodites consuming the dinoflagellate, but temperature-related variation in algal EFA content was also a predictive factor. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that copepodites are capable of synthesizing EPA when consuming an EPA-depleted diet. Our study implies that the copepod link of marine food webs is resilient in terms of EFA transfer when confronted with alterations of ambient temperature and prey type availability. Measurements presented here are critical for estimating how EFA transfer dynamics respond to intra- and interannual environmental variability. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids’.

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for nonlethal detection of Aeromonas salmonicida in salmonid mucus and its potential for other bacterial fish pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Quinn ◽  
Roselynn M.W. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Band Pattern ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA was used to nonlethally detect Aeromonas salmonicida and other bacteria in salmonid skin mucus. Mucus samples from wild spawning coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) with endemic A. salmonicida and from cultured lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) were tested by PCR–DGGE and were compared with mucus culture on Coomassie brilliant blue agar and internal organ culture. PCR–DGGE gave a highly reproducible 4-band pattern for 9 strains of typical A. salmonicida, which was different from other Aeromonas spp. Aeromonas salmonicida presence in mucus was evident as a band that comigrated with the bottom band of the A. salmonicida 4-band pattern and was verified by sequencing. PCR–DGGE found 36 of 52 coho salmon positive for A. salmonicida, compared with 31 positive by mucus culture and 16 by organ culture. Numerous other bacteria were detected in salmonid mucus, including Pseudomonas spp., Shewanella putrefaciens , Aeromonas hydrophila and other aeromonads. However, Yersinia ruckeri was not detected in mucus from 27 lake trout, but 1 fish had a sorbitol-positive Y. ruckeri isolated from organ culture. Yersinia ruckeri seeded into a mucus sample suggested that PCR–DGGE detection of this bacterium from mucus was possible. PCR–DGGE allows nonlethal detection of A. salmonicida in mucus and differentiation of some Aeromonas spp. and has the potential to allow simultaneous detection of other pathogens present in fish mucus.

Diet and the Exposome: Dietary Determinants of Children’s Body Burden of Environmental Contaminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Eleni Papadopoulou ◽  
Line Småstuen Haug ◽  
Xavier Basagana ◽  
Maribel Casas ◽  
Helle Margrete Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden
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