Microbial Leaf Decomposition in Adirondack Streams Exhibiting pH Gradients

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1916-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy P. Osgood ◽  
Charles W. Boylen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
New York State ◽  
Bacterial Productivity ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Ph

The effects of water pH and related water chemistry parameters on microbial decomposition processes were studied in three small, low-order woodland streams located in the Adirondack region of New York State. These streams exhibited spatial and seasonal gradients in water pH ranging from pH values of 4.5 to 7.0. Measurements of microbial biomass (ATP), bacterial numbers, and bacterial production (thymidine incorporation) on leaves of Acer saccharum were made over a 9-mo period (fall to spring). Decomposition of A. saccharum leaves was significantly decreased at lower pH. The developing epiphytic microbial community was affected in a very specific way. Bacterial numbers were not related to water pH values, nor were ATP measurements significantly correlated with pH or any pH-related water chemistry variable. However, thymidine incorporation by bacteria on leaf material (used as a measure of bacterial productivity) was significantly decreased at lower pH. This was the only consistent indicator of reduced microbial activity in response to acidification of these streams.

Zooplankton Diversity and Biomass in Recently Acidified Lakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Confer ◽  
Thomas Kaaret ◽  
Gene E. Likens
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
New York State ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mesocyclops Edax

Ten small headwater lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State and 10 in the White Mountains of New Hampshire were examined for possible effects of acidification on zooplankton. The results showed that acidification, or some close correlate, had a significant negative effect on zooplankton diversity and biomass. A loss of 2.4 species of zooplankton and 22.6 mg dry wt/m2 was correlated with each unit decrease in pH. These results, in contrast to some previous work, show a continuous decrease in diversity and biomass over the entire range of pH in the sampled lakes, 4.5–7.2. Cladocera, with the exception of Holopedium and Polyphemus, and Epischura lacustris, Mesocyclops edax, and Cyclops scutifer, were abundant at higher pH values but rare or absent at pH values less than 5. Diaptomus minutus was predominant at pH values less than 5.Key words: acid rain, lakes, Adirondack Mountains, White Mountains, zooplankton, Cladocera, Epischura, Mesocyclops, Cyclops, Diaptomus

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Forest Tent Caterpillar Defoliation and Timber Stand Improvement Activity on Epicormic Sprouting of Sugar Maple and Black Cherry

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Rob A. Wink ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Epicormic Sprouting

Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance design assessed the combined effects of severe defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hub.), from 1991 through 1993 and concurrent timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments on the occurrence of epicormic sproutingfor both sugar maple (SM), Acer saccharum (Marsh.) and black cherry (BC), Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) in the Tug Hill region of New York State. The potential economic effects of epicormic sprouting by dominant and codominant (DC) SM after defoliation and TSI were statistically significantbut negligible. TSI treatments alone and defoliation alone, however, promoted sprouting in intermediate SM, which may result in future grade reduction. The combination of defoliation and TSI treatment resulted in prolific epicormic sprouting by DC BC. These two disturbances have the potential to cause significant standwide value losses in this species.

When Did Acid-Sensitive Adirondack Lakes (New York, USA) Begin to Acidify and Are They Still Acidifying?

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1550-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Cumming ◽  
K. A. Davey ◽  
J. P. Smol ◽  
H. J. B. Birks
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Scaled Chrysophytes ◽  
Sulfate Deposition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Adirondack Lakes

A transfer function was used to reconstruct pH values of 20 low-alkalinity Adirondack Park lakes based on the species composition of scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae, Synurophyceae) in stratigraphie intervals from 210Pb-dated sediment cores. Approximately 80% of the lakes acidified since preindustrial times. Four categories of lake response to acidic deposition were identified: (i) lakes that showed little or no evidence of acidification since preindustrial times, (ii) lakes with preindustrial pH values between 5 and 6 that began to acidify ca. 1900, (iii) "naturally" acidic lakes that acidified even further ca. 1900, and (iv) lakes with preindustrial pH values around 6 that acidified ca. 1930–50. Lakes that acidified ca. 1900 were generally smaller, higher elevation lakes with lower preindustrial pH values than lakes in category i or iv. These patterns are consistent with the acidic deposition hypothesis of recent lake acidification. Our results indicated that "critical" sulfate deposition loads for Adirondack lakes that started to acidify ca. 1900 and ca. 1950 are between 5–10 and 20–25 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1, respectively. Post-1970 trends in lake water pH have been small and variable, suggesting that low-alkalinity Adirondack lakes have been relatively unresponsive to the post-1970 declines in sulfate deposition.

Predicting future diameter of sugar maple in uneven-aged stands of west-central New Brunswick and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (04) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Diane H. Kiernan ◽  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
West Central ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Rates Of Growth

We used data from uneven-aged research plots in west-central New Brunswick to validate a sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) diameter growth model initially developed from remeasured trees in single-tree selection system stands at two New York State locations. We also refitted the coefficients to fit the New Brunswick data and added variables to account for variation across locations and treatments among the New Brunswick plots. The original equation predicted future diameter for New Brunswick trees reasonably well, but a version with coefficients specific to New Brunswick proved more accurate. Adding variables that account for unique features of the New Brunswick data reinforced the notion that growth rates differ across locations, and also that post-cutting diameter growth varies with the intensity of release. Although the New York model and the general model with refitted coefficients unique to New Brunswick indicated that rates of growth do not change throughout a cutting cycle, equations having a variable to account for location of the New Brunswick research sites showed that growth decreased with time. Test results are presented.

Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Crowley ◽  
Kristin Guest ◽  
Kenay Sudler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

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