Morphological Basis of the Pectoral Fin Flutter of Embryonic Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2223-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
J. Power ◽  
D. J. Martin-Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Muscle Groups

The pectoral fin of embryonic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) flutters rhythmically through most of the early development, probably to promote water currents near embryonic respiratory surfaces. A descriptive mechanical model of the anatomical basis of the fin movements involves four components. The basal coraco-scapular complex serves as a fulcrum for fin movements. The actinost forms a thin vane, which is alternately abducted and adducted by two opposing muscle groups originating on the coraco-scapular cartilage and inserting distally on the actinost. The last component, the fin membrane, moves as a result of travelling waves passing distad as a result of flexion of the actinost — a "whiplash" type of motion. The first five spinal nerves may be involved in generation of the rhythmic flutter.

Pectoral Fin and Opercular Movements of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Alevins

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Development Proceeds

The pectoral fins of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) alevins change in shape and orientation as development proceeds. They flutter rhythmically at 100–150/min whereas opercula move infrequently in newly hatched alevins. Ablation of pectoral fins induces increased opercular movements. Rhythmic movements of the pectoral fins displace water from the posterior edge of the opercula to the area immediately behind the fins. The frequency of pectoral movements is influenced by changes in ambient PO2. The pectoral movements are probably useful in generating water currents around the alevin in the gravel interstices.

scholarly journals Fast water currents reduce production performance of post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Solstorm ◽  
D Solstorm ◽  
F Oppedal ◽  
A Fernö ◽  
TWK Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Embryo Movements of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) as Influenced by pH, Temperature, and State of Development

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson ◽  
D. J. Martin-Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Trunk Movements

Two types of embryo movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), pectoral fin flutter and trunk movements, were measured as a function of incubation temperature, pH, and developmental state. Trunk movements began at 200 degree-days, initially at highest frequency. The frequency decreased throughout subsequent development and then increased slightly just before hatching. Movements were much more stereotyped in the earliest stages of development than just prior to hatching. Frequencies at 200 degree-days were insensitive to temperature and pH. Frequencies just prior to hatching were very temperature sensitive (Q10 of 13) and were decreased at low pH. This decreased frequency may be related to documented effects of temperature and low pH on hatching. Pectoral fin movements were temperature sensitive (Q10 of 2) and pH insensitive. These movements were initiated at 350 degree-days of development and attained maximal frequency at 400 degree-days.

Effects of temperature and season on the position holding performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Rimmer ◽  
R. L. Saunders ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Critical Swimming Velocity ◽  
The Mean

The ability of wild and hatchery yearling Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to hold a position against water currents was tested in relation to water temperature and season. This species would not swim, but held positions on the bottom of the test apparatus. Their performance was, therefore, rated on the basis of critical holding velocity instead of critical swimming velocity, often used for other species. Qualitatively, the relationships of critical holding velocity with both temperature and season were similar for wild and hatchery fish. However, wild fish were consistently more able to hold positions against water currents so that the mean water velocities at which they were unable to stem water currents were 25–84% greater than those for hatchery fish. In the winter, the mean water velocities against which both wild and hatchery fish could no longer hold a position were 21.9–50.0% lower than in the summer. Seasonal changes in performance generally increased or decreased with water temperature except in winter when performance declined while water temperature was almost constant. Performance was high and almost unchanging for temperatures above 8 °C, but fell sharply below this temperature. We suggest that the sharp decrease in performance at 8 °C explains the previous observation that this species suddenly moves into the stream bed when temperature falls during the autumn.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

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