Adrenergic Response to Physiological Disturbances in Rainbow Troutf Oncorhynchus mykiss, Exposed to Aluminum at Acid pH

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Witters ◽  
S. Van Puymbroeck ◽  
O. L. J. Vanderborght
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Fish Exposure ◽  
Adrenergic Response ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

A 10-fold increase of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels was evident at 46 h of Al exposure in adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, which were kept for about 2.5 d at pH 5.0 with 60 μg Al/L (Ca2+ = 28 μmol/L). The change of plasma epinephrine levels was related both to the decrease of the blood pH and the decrease of the blood [Formula: see text]. We further observed decreased plasma Na+ concentrations which were accompanied by elevated levels of Cortisol in the plasma of Al-exposed fish. Exposure of fish to pH 6.8 (= control) or pH 5.0 without Al did not yield any changes in plasma Na+ concentrations, plasma Cortisol concentrations, blood pH, blood [Formula: see text], and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels. The release of plasma catecholamines associated with blood acidosis and hypoxia is suggested to be an important factor in maintaining erythrocytic pH to protect the haemoglobin oxygen carrying capacity in fish exposed to low pH and Al.

scholarly journals Cortisol and testosterone accumulation in a low pH recirculating aquaculture system for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss )

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 3579-3588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco C Mota ◽  
Catarina I M Martins ◽  
Ep H Eding ◽  
Adelino V M Canário ◽  
Johan A J Verreth
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture System

scholarly journals PROPRANOLOL IMPAIRS THE HYPERVENTILATORY RESPONSE TO ACUTE HYPERCAPNIA IN RAINBOW TROUT

1993 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kinkead ◽  
S. Aota ◽  
S. F. Perry ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adrenergic Response

This study investigated the possible role of catecholamines in the ventilatory response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute external hypercapnia. The ventilatory response to hypercapnia [partial pressure of CO2 in water (PwCO2=0.76 kPa)] of fish pre-treated with the selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, d,l-propranolol, was compared with that of d-propranolol (an isomer with minimal beta-antagonistic activity) and saline pre-treated fish (sham). A sustained 3.6- fold increase in gill ventilation volume (V(dot)w) was observed in the sham and d-propranolol-treated groups during the 30 min interval of hypercapnia. Fish pre-treated with d,l-propranolol displayed a blunted hyperventilatory response to hypercapnia (1.9-fold increase at 30 min). These results indicate that the beta-component of an adrenergic response is involved in the usual hyperventilatory response to external hypercapnia. It is suggested that the impaired hyperventilatory response of the d,l- propranolol-treated group reflects an inhibition of central adrenergic mechanism(s) involved in the hyperventilatory reflex to respiratory acidosis.

Toxicological mechanisms of a multicomponent agricultural seed protectant in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W Greene ◽  
Richard M Kocan
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Ethylene glycol (EG) and thiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, are components of the seed protectant Vitavax-200. EG is a common solvent, thought to be nontoxic, whereas thiram, a dithiocarbamate known to be toxic to fish, is an active ingredient in Vitavax-200. When the\i toxicities of EG and thiram were investigated individually and as a mixture in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), a strong synergistic toxic effect was observed. Using a constant sublethal concentration of thiram, a 5- to 19-fold increase and a 2- to 2.4-fold increase in EG toxicity was observed in fathead minnow and rainbow trout, respectively. The toxicity of EG following pretreatment of rainbow trout with pyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, was decreased by 22% whereas pretreatment with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, increased toxicity 3.4-fold. The results indicate that thiram inhibits the complete metabolism of EG, resulting in the buildup of a toxic aldehyde intermediate and increasing the toxicity of EG.

Describing population dynamics for early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a stock synthesis model1This article is a companion to Korman et al. 2011, published this issue.

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Korman ◽  
S.J.D. Martell ◽  
Carl Walters
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Wide Range

A stock synthesis model was used to assess effects of experimental flows on early life stages of nonnative rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam (Arizona, USA). The model estimated time-varying survival rates while correcting for entry of new recruits to the age-0 population and changes in vulnerability to capture associated with growth and ontogenetic habitat shifts. A controlled flood, designed in part to enhance native fish habitat, led to an 11-fold increase in early survival rates (fertilization to ~1 month from emergence) of weekly cohorts of trout fertilized after the flood. Effects of increased flow fluctuations during incubation, designed to reduce trout abundance, were not apparent. Age-0 mortality between August and September was over twofold higher in years when there was a 50% reduction in the minimum flow compared with years when flow was stable. There was strong support for models that simulated an ontogenetic shift to deeper habitat in four of five study years. The integration of detailed field information in a stock synthesis model to describe early life history dynamics is a valuable approach that can be applied in a wide range of systems.

Copper metabolism in actively growing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): interactions between dietary and waterborne copper uptake

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Collins Kamunde ◽  
Martin Grosell ◽  
Dave Higgs ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cu Uptake

SUMMARY Juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to diets with low (12.6 nmol g–1), normal (50.4 nmol g–1) or elevated (4437.5 nmol g–1) Cu concentrations in combination with either low (5.8 nmol l–1) or normal (48.5 nmol l–1) waterborne Cu levels over a 50-day period, during which body mass increased up to fivefold. A nutritional requirement for Cu was demonstrated based on growth response and whole body and tissue Cu status. Simultaneous low Cu levels in both the water and the diet depressed growth by 31 % over 7 weeks. There were reductions in both specific growth rate (SGR, 1.95 versus 2.55 % day–1) and food conversion efficiency (FCE, 53–59 % versus 75–80 %) over weeks 0–4, but these effects disappeared in weeks 4–7. Elevated concentrations of dietary Cu did not affect SGR or FCE. Low levels of dietary and waterborne Cu decreased, and high levels of dietary Cu increased, the Cu concentrations in whole body, liver, carcass, gut and gills. Copper levels in the liver strongly reflected the exposure conditions with a corresponding fivefold decrease and a 22-fold increase in Cu concentration. Restricting available Cu caused an exponential decline in whole body Cu concentration from 0.0175 to 0.0069 μmol g–1 and increased the uptake of waterborne Cu (measured with 64Cu) by the gills. Conversely, high levels of dietary Cu caused a linear increase in whole body Cu concentration to approximately 0.170 μmol g–1 and depressed the uptake of waterborne Cu. Waterborne Cu uptake contributed the majority (60 %) of the body’s Cu accumulation under Cu-deficient conditions while dietary Cu contributed the majority (99 %) at high dietary levels of Cu. True bioavailability of dietary Cu decreased with increasing levels of dietary Cu concentration, although the absolute amount retained increased. These findings demonstrate an important interaction between dietary and waterborne Cu uptake in fish and provide compelling evidence of a key role for the gill in Cu homeostasis.

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