Epidermal Response to pH, Aluminum, and Calcium Exposure in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Fry

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Ingersoll ◽  
D. A. Sanchez ◽  
J. S. Meyer ◽  
D. D. Gulley ◽  
J. E. Tietge
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Microscopy Image Analysis ◽  
Extended Exposure

Eyed brook trout eggs were exposed to various combinations of pH (4.3–6.3), aluminum (0–1000 μg/L), and calcium (0.5 to 8.0 mg/L) for 40 d through hatching until the swim-up life stage. High resolution light microscopy, image analysis, and stereological techniques were used to quantitatively determine morphological changes in the epidermis of fry surviving this exposure. Exposure to increased acidity resulted in both mucous cell hypertrophy (increase in size) and hyperplasia (increase in number); exposure to low calcium resulted in mucous cell hyperplasia. Aluminum did not significantly affect mucous cell size or number. Epidermal thickness was not consistently affected by exposure to pH, aluminum, or calcium. The changes observed in epidermal mucous cells may be a compensatory mechanism used by brook trout fry to counter ionoregulatory stress resulting from extended exposure to acidic conditions.

scholarly journals 3D Axon Structure Extraction and Analysis in Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy Images

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1899-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Zhou ◽  
Ju Lu ◽  
Jeff Lichtman ◽  
Donald Adjeroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Confocal Fluorescence ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Microscopy Image Analysis ◽  
Difficult Part ◽  
Microscopy Images

The morphological properties of axons, such as their branching patterns and oriented structures, are of great interest for biologists in the study of the synaptic connectivity of neurons. In these studies, researchers use triple immunofluorescent confocal microscopy to record morphological changes of neuronal processes. Three-dimensional (3D) microscopy image analysis is then required to extract morphological features of the neuronal structures. In this article, we propose a highly automated 3D centerline extraction tool to assist in this task. For this project, the most difficult part is that some axons are overlapping such that the boundaries distinguishing them are barely visible. Our approach combines a 3D dynamic programming (DP) technique and marker-controlled watershed algorithm to solve this problem. The approach consists of tracking and updating along the navigation directions of multiple axons simultaneously. The experimental results show that the proposed method can rapidly and accurately extract multiple axon centerlines and can handle complicated axon structures such as cross-over sections and overlapping objects.

Survival, Distribution, and Ion Composition in Two Strains of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Fry after Exposure to Episodic pH Depressions in an Adirondack Lake

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry K. Van Offelen ◽  
Charles C. Krueger ◽  
Carl L. Schofield ◽  
Chris Keleher
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Survival Distribution ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Random Distributions ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry are susceptible to high mortality in acidified waters because of their low tolerance to acidic conditions and the potential occurrence of this life stage with episodic acidification associated with snowmelt. Prior to snowmelt, equal numbers of Assinica and Temiscamie strain fry were placed into enclosures. Twelve days after stocking, no consistent differences between strains were observed in survival, distribution, or ion composition. No fry of either strain survived in enclosures placed in shallow water (pH 4.8; 0.7 m depth). Fifty to 100% of fry of both strains survived in enclosures placed in deep water (pH 6.3; > 2.0 m depth). Fry survival in long enclosures that extended from shallow to deep water was 80–99%. Within long enclosures, both strains were recovered in higher densities from middle and deep sections of the enclosures than from shallow sections. High fry survival and non-random distributions in the long enclosures indicated that both strains were able to avoid lethal, nearshore waters during spring snowmelt by moving to deeper water.

Applications of Deep Learning in Microscopy Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104523
Author(s):  
Zhichao Liu ◽  
Luhong Jin ◽  
Jincheng Chen ◽  
Qiuyu Fang ◽  
Sergey Ablameyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Microscopy Image Analysis

Diet-induced obesity promotes systemic inflammation and increased susceptibility to murine visceral leishmaniasis

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1647-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLÊNIA DAROS SARNÁGLIA ◽  
LUCIANA POLACO COVRE ◽  
FAUSTO EDMUNDO LIMA PEREIRA ◽  
HERBERT LEONEL DE MATOS GUEDES ◽  
ANA MARIA CAETANO FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

SUMMARYObesity is the main causal factor for metabolic syndrome and chronic systemic inflammation, which impacts on immune function and increases susceptibility to pathogens. Here, we investigated the effect of obesity on the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmaniasis infantum chagasi. C57BL/6 mice fed with high-sugar and butter diet (HSB) showed a significant increase in body weight, adiposity index and morphological changes in adipocyte. To investigate the consequences of obesity on the specific immunity against Leishmania, both control and HSB diet groups were infected with 107L. infantum chagasi promastigotes in the eighth-week after diet started and euthanized 4 weeks later. HSB-diet fed mice exhibited a significantly higher parasite burden in both liver and spleen compared with control- diet group. Gonadal adipocyte tissue from HSB-diet mice showed increased TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin and diminished IL-10 production compared with control. Cytokines production analysis in the spleen and liver from these animals also demonstrated higher production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide and diminished production of IL-10 and TGF-β, which correlate with inflammatory foci and the cell hyperplasia observed. Taken together, obesity can interfere with responses to pathogen-derived signals and impair the development of protective anti-Leishmania immunity.

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