Mitochondrial DNA Variation among Anadromous Populations of Cisco (Coregonus artedii) as revealed by Restriction Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernatchez ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Life History ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analyses were done to test the hypothesis that river populations of anadromous cisco from James-Hudson Bays that exhibit life-history variations are reproductively isolated. MtDNA variation among 141 cisco (Coregonus artedii) from eight rivers was studied with eight hexameric, four multihexameric and one multipentameric restriction enzymes which generated a mean of 78 fragments per fish. Pair-wise sequence divergence estimates among the 19 mtDNA clones resolved were generally low but highly variable (mean: 0.52%, range: 0.08 to 1.03%). UPGMA and Wagner parsimony analysis revealed two major clonal groups which differed in diversity and geographic distribution; the more diversified (nucleon diversity index; 0.70) and less diversified (0.31) groups were twice as abundant in James and Hudson Bays, respectively. This suggests that cisco of James-Hudson Bays are derived from two glacial refugia and that they recolonized the area by two major postglacial routes. The frequency distribution analysis of all defined clones revealed significant stock discreteness among Hudson Bay populations and a lack of population subdivision in James Bay. The genetic structuring and diversity of anadromous cisco in James-Hudson Bay is discussed in relation to historical biogeographical events and to interactions of various life-history stages with the physical oceanographic environment.

scholarly journals Genealogy and phylogeography of Cyprinid fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) inferred from ATPase 6 and 8 mitochondrial DNA gene analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh K. Luhariya ◽  
Kuldeep K. Lal ◽  
Rajeev K. Singh ◽  
Vindhya Mohindra ◽  
Arti Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Atpase 6

Abstract ATPase 6/8 gene (842 bp) of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in Labeo rohita samples (n = 253) collected from nine rivers belonging to four river basins; Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi. Analysis revealed 44 haplotypes with high haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.694 and low nucleotide diversity (π) 0.001. The within population variation was larger (83.44%) than among population differences (16.56%). The mean FST value (0.166; P < 0.05) for overall populations revealed moderate level of genetic structuring in the wild L. rohita populations. The haplotype network presented a single clade for wild L. rohita population, from different rivers. Negative values for Fu’s index (FS), mismatch distribution analysis indicated period of expansion in L. rohita population. The time after recent expansion was estimated for each population, between 0.042 to 0.167 mya. The pattern of Isolation by Distance (IBD) was not significant (r = -0.113, P < 0.287), when all the sampling locations were compared (Mantel test), however, when an outlier (Indus, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi) was removed from the whole population set, a clear positive correlation between pairwise FST and geographic distance (Km) was seen. The analysis of data demonstrated that ATPase6/8 gene polymorphism is a potential marker to understand genetic population structure of wild L. rohita existing in different rivers. The study identified population substructure in wild L. rohita with common ancestral origin [Current Zoology 60 (4): 460–471, 2014].

Life history trait differences between a lake and a stream-dwelling population of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Oromi ◽  
Fèlix Amat ◽  
Delfi Sanuy ◽  
Salvador Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
High Altitude Lake

The Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) is a salamandrid that mostly lives in fast running and cold mountain-streams, although some populations are also found in lakes. In the present work, we report in detail on the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis traits in a population from a Pyrenean high altitude lake. We compare its morphology, life history traits and mitochondrial DNA variation with a nearby lotic metamorphic population. Our results indicate that the lacustrine newts are smaller and present a less developed sexual dimorphism, smooth skin, and that 53% of the adults retain gills at different degrees of development, but not gill slits. Although both populations and sexes have the same age at sexual maturity (four years), the lacustrine population presents higher longevity (12 and 9 years for males and females, respectively) than the one living in the stream (8 and 9 years). The variation on the climatic conditions at altitudinal scale is probably the main cause of the differences in life history traits found between the two populations. The food availability, which could to be limiting in the lacustrine population, is another factor that can potentially affect body size. These results are congruent with the significant mitochondrial DNA genetic isolation between populations, probably a consequence of the lack of juvenile dispersal. We found low cytochrome b variability and significant genetic structuring in the lake population that is very remarkably considering the short distance to the nearby stream population and the whole species’ pattern. We suggest that a bottleneck effect and/or phenotypic plasticity may have resulted in the appearance of a paedomorphic morph in the lake.

scholarly journals Identification and differentiation among chicken’s, duck’s, quail’s, rabbit’s and turkey's meat using PCR-RFLP technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
A.M. Elmaghraby ◽  
A.S. Haggag
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rflp Assay

PCR-RFLP technique was developed for identification and differentiation among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat. DNA from small amount of muscles (0.05 g) was extracted and a region of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome-b gene) in chicken, duck, quail, rabbit and turkey was amplified by PCR. Fragment length of the PCR product was 371 bp in chicken, 374 bp in duck and rabbit and 377 bp in both quail and turkey. Six nucleotides different makes it difficult to differentiate among these five species-specific meat. For differentiation, three different restriction enzymes (DdeI, MspI and TaqI) were used to digest the PCR products. Restriction analysis showed difference among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat. Where, DdeI yielded two fragments (291 and 83 bp) only in rabbit?s meat. MspI yielded three fragments (221, 85 and 65 bp) in chicken?s meat and two fragments (290 and 87 bp) in both quail?s and turkey's meat. TaqI yielded three fragments (146, 134 and 94 bp) in duck?s meat and two fragments (226 and 151 bp) in quail?s meat. The use of Cytb- PCR-RFLP assay allowed a direct and fast authentication and differentiation among chicken?s, duck?s, quail?s, rabbit?s and turkey's meat.

Mitochondrial DNA and isozyme electrophoretic analyses of the endangered Acadian whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani Scott, 1987

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bernatchez ◽  
T. A. Edge ◽  
J. J. Dodson ◽  
S. U. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Mitochondrial Genotype ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mtdna Restriction Analysis

Electrophoretic analysis of isozymes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analysis were used to study the genetic divergence between the Acadian whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani, and members of the subgenera Coregonus (lake whitefish, C. clupeaformis) and Leucichthys (Arctic cisco, C. autumnalis, and lake cisco, C. artedii). Results obtained from both studies demonstrated that the Acadian whitefish is genetically highly distinct from the other coregonines examined. mtDNA restriction analysis revealed that the Acadian whitefish possesses a unique mitochondrial genotype which is divergent from that of the two cisco species or lake whitefish. Twelve of 13 restriction enzymes used were informative in distinguishing the Acadian whitefish from the other species, and species-specific fragment patterns were observed for 10 enzymes. In isozyme analysis of five loci, the Acadian whitefish was monomorphic at two loci for alleles not found in lake whitefish. Acadian whitefish also possessed an additional isozyme at another locus that was not found in lake whitefish and Arctic cisco specimens. This isozyme is unknown from the genetic model for lake whitefish at this locus. These results provided useful genetic markers to identify the Acadian whitefish. They emphasize that the extinction of the species would represent a major loss of both genetic diversity and potential information concerning the contentious phylogeny of coregonine fishes.

Population genetic structure of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within and among North American populations

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ree Brennin ◽  
Brent W. Murray ◽  
Bradley N. White ◽  
James W. Clayton ◽  
Margaret K. Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North American ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Western Hudson Bay

Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are migratory over much of their range, congregating in small groups around shallow river estuaries in summer and overwintering in areas of broken pack ice. To investigate the potential genetic structuring within North American beluga, we analyzed variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using 10 restriction enzymes, eight haplotypes were identified among 95 beluga from 12 sampling locations. The haplotypes formed two lineages, one occurring primarily in whales from the St. Lawrence estuary and eastern Hudson Bay and the other primarily in beluga sampled in the waters of western Hudson Bay, southern Baffin Island, western Greenland, the Canadian High Arctic, and the eastern Beaufort Sea. The genetic difference between these lineages and the high-level genetic structure among the sample locations, [Formula: see text] (p ≤ 0.0001), indicate that these lineages may represent the original Pacific and Atlantic "refugial" stocks that colonized the Arctic after deglaciation. Further, the present segregation of these lineages between populations summering in eastern and western Hudson Bay (p ≤ 0.005) is consistent with the hypothesis that the mitochondria of the beluga summering in western Hudson Bay are descended from those of a Pacific "refugial" stock and those of beluga summering in eastern Hudson Bay are descended from those of an Atlantic "refugial" stock. The clear differentiation of beluga from different summering locations provides evidence for strong maternally directed philopatry to the summering locations.

Life History Variations of Anadromous Cisco (Coregonus artedii), Lake Whitefish (C. clupeaformis), and Round Whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) Populations of Eastern James–Hudson Bay

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 958-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Morin ◽  
Julian J. Dodson ◽  
Geoffrey Power
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
The North ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

Differences in life history among three species of anadromous coregonines from La Grande River, James Bay, were significant with lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) displaying reproductive patterns more typical of harsh northern environments and characteristic of "K-selection," relative to cisco (Coregonus artedii). Interspecific differences at La Grande River were more apparent than intraspecific differences in life history traits of cisco and lake whitefish over the James–Hudson Bay range. Although cisco exhibit decreasing reproductive effort independent of growth over the North American range, thus conforming to life history theory, both growth and reproductive effort are reduced northwards over their James–Hudson Bay range. The observations suggest that physiological constraints related to the shorter growing season at the northern limit of cisco's coastal Hudson Bay range may overwhelm expected coadapted life history traits. Lake whitefish exhibit reduced reproductive effort independent of variations in growth northwards over their North American and James–Hudson Bay coastal range; this suggests coadaptation of life history traits that permit survival at northern sites.Key words: reproduction, growth, life history theory, anadromous coregonines, James–Hudson Bay

Evolution of the chloroplast genome and polymorphic ITS regions in Allium subg. Melanocrommyum

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted HM Mes ◽  
Reinhard M Fritsch ◽  
Sven Pollner ◽  
Konrad Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Concerted Evolution ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes

Relationships based on PCR-RFLPs of non-coding regions of cpDNA indicate that some of the largest subgenera of the genus Allium and five of the largest sections of the Central Asian subg. Melanocrommyum are artificial. Internested synapomorphic mutations without homoplasy were found only in the chloroplast genomes of plants of subg. Melanocrommyum that occur in the border region of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Kyrgyzstan. Eighteen of 49 plants surveyed were polymorphic for their ITS regions. Even plants that had identical chloroplast genomes were polymorphic for nuclear ribosomal regions. These individuals had markedly different frequencies of ITS variants that were detected with various restriction enzymes. The geographic partitioning of chloroplast haplotypes and the fact that the ITS variants could not be ordered hierarchically can readily be envisioned to result from gene flow. Processes such as concerted evolution and parallel morphological evolution may also be partly responsible for the disconcordance of mutations in the chloroplast and nuclear genome. However, the chimeric nature of the nuclear ribosomal regions indicates that concerted evolution is not the dominating process in Allium subg. Melanocrommyum.Key words: polymorphic, phylogeny, restriction analysis.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, genotype fingerprinting and genetic relationships in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
John D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Apocytochrome B ◽  
Nuclear Dna Variation ◽  
Mean Similarity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nuDNA) variations were examined in six cultivars of Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris and two (mtDNA) or one (nuDNA) accession(s) of L. culinaris ssp. orientalis. Total leaf DNA was digested with up to 15 restriction endonucleases, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and trasferred to nylon membranes. To examine mtDNA variation, blots were probed with mtDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and ATPase 6 (atp6) of both wheat and maize as well as apocytochrome b (cob) and Orf25 (orf25) of wheat. Sixteen combinations of mtDNA probes and restriction enzymes revealed 34 fragments that discriminated between at least two lentil accessions. For nuDNA analysis, probes from cDNA and genomic DNA clones of lentil were used to probe the same blots, and identified 46 diagnostic fragments from 19 probe/enzyme combinations. Each lentil accession could be unequivocably distinguished from all others on the basis of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA fragment patterns. The mitochondrial restriction fragment similarities ranged from 0.944 to 0.989, with a mean of 0.970 but nuclear restriction fragment similarities varied from 0.582 to 0.987, with a mean of 0.743. The apparent genetic relationships among accessions differed according to the source of DNA examined, although the commercial varieties Laird, Brewer and Redchief showed similarly high levels of mean similarity with both nuclear (0.982) and mitochondrial DNA (0.983). Key words: Lens culinaris Medik., genetic variation, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, lentil

Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography and mating compatibility reveal marked genetic structuring and speciation in the NE Atlantic bryozoan Celleporella hyalina

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2173-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
AFRICA GÓMEZ ◽  
ROGER N. HUGHES ◽  
PETER J. WRIGHT ◽  
GARY R. CARVALHO ◽  
DAVID H. LUNT
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ne Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Mating Compatibility
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