Extinction of a Population of Anadromous Parasitic Lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, Upstream of an Impassable Dam

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Beamish ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Adult Lamprey ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata

The construction of dams on the outlet of Elsie Lake, in British Columbia, prevented young adult Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) from going to sea and adult lamprey from spawning above the dams. This resulted in a high incidence of lamprey attacks on resident trout that was initially interpreted as indicating that the lamprey population was landlocked. This study showed that a landlocked population of lamprey was not established. The attacks on fish occurred for only a brief period each year. Attacks on trout stopped approximately 7 yr after dam construction. Because this was the average estimated age when ammocoetes metamorphosed and scarred fish or ammocoetes were no longer found, we concluded that metamorphosed lamprey were unable to survive to maturity. The inability to establish a landlocked population indicated that the transition from an anadromous parasitic life history type to a freshwater parasitic life history type did not occur as quickly or as easily as previously suggested. The study also provided evidence that the statolith method of age determination may provide accurate ages.

Recent Colonization of a Major Salmon-Producing Lake in British Columbia by Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Farlinger ◽  
Richard J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Natural Lake ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata

Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) were first observed in Babine Lake, the largest natural lake wholly contained in British Columbia, in 1963 and are currently found along approximately 15% of the length of the lake near the outlet. The number of spawning adults in 1982 was estimated to be 7281. Since Babine Lake is a major nursery area for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the colonization of this lake by a parasitic lamprey is of concern, particularly if the species can become nonanadromous. The colonization may be beneficial if a commercial fishery can be sustained and if the species does not begin to feed in freshwater. The reason for the recent colonization is unknown but it coincides with increased human manipulation of fishes and habitat, including the removal of a major rock slide, 65 km downstream of the lake.

Microsatellite DNA analysis of parapatric lamprey (Entosphenus spp.) populations: implications for evolution, taxonomy, and conservation of a Canadian endemic

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Taylor ◽  
Les N. Harris ◽  
Erin K. Spice ◽  
Margaret F. Docker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Parapatric freshwater and anadromous parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) from southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, have been described as distinct taxa (Vancouver lamprey ( Entosphenus macrostomus (Beamish, 1982)) and Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836)), respectively), using morphology, life history, and physiology. We tested for genetic differentiation at microsatellite DNA loci between these taxa and similar freshwater parasitic lampreys from two other lakes. The number of alleles and expected heterozygosity averaged 3.8 and 0.50, respectively, across loci and populations, and anadromous populations were more variable than freshwater populations. Population subdivision was moderate (FST = 0.096, P < 0.001) and 3% of the total variation was found between taxa and 1.7% was found among populations within taxa (both P < 0.001). Parapatric freshwater and anadromous parasitic lampreys separated by a maximum of 40 km were more distinct (mean FST = 0.042) than were anadromous populations located 800 km from one another (mean FST = 0.012). Localities within lakes with parasitic freshwater lampreys, however, showed little differentiation (FST = 0.0–0.08). Our data support recognizing E. macrostomus and E. tridentatus as distinct species, but similar levels of differentiation between these taxa and other freshwater parasitic lampreys suggest a species complex where the taxonomy remains unclear.

Nutritional Condition of the Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) Deprived of Food for Periods of Up to Two Years

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. C. Whyte ◽  
Richard J. Beamish ◽  
Norma G. Ginther ◽  
Chrys-Ellen Neville
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Endogenous Reserves ◽  
Adult Lamprey ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata

The anadromous parasitic Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) does not feed during metamorphosis or its spawning migration. To assess the utilization of body reserves, we compared the compositions of an adult lamprey held for 2 yr without food, recently metamorphosed lampreys, and lampreys starved for 6 mo. Moisture was higher and soluble ash and lipid levels were lower in tissue of the 2-yr-starved than in metamorphosed lampreys (2.67 and 3.39 kj∙g−1, respectively). Fatty acid profiles of 2-yr-starved and metamorphosed lampreys were qualitatively similar except for the presence of 15:0 in the latter. Substantially lower levels of 14:0 and 16:1 n7 and higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids occurred in starved lampreys. Changes in composition of lampreys starved for 6 mo were similar to changes between the 2-yr-starved and metamorphosed lampreys. Maintenance energy in a normalized 1-g lamprey starved for 6 mo was derived from catabolism of 71% lipid and 29% protein; total loss was 2.56 kJ or 49% of the original energy. The ability to survive extended periods on endogenous reserves, which may have allowed L. tridentata to survive past environmental catastrophes, allows it to migrate considerable distances to spawning areas in the headwaters of rivers.

Lentic Spawning by the Pacific Lamprey, Lampetra tridentata

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Russell ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
R. J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Lake System ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lotic Environments ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata ◽  
Lentic Water

Anadromous Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, typically construct nests and reproduce in lotic environments. In the summer of 1984, Pacific lamprey were observed spawning in shallow lentic water in two regions of the Babine Lake system, British Columbia. Nests were subject to wave action but an obvious unidirectional flow was not observed.

Origin of the Tulameen ultramafic-gabbro complex, southern British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Gabbroic Intrusion

The Tulameen Complex is a composite ultramafic-gabbroic intrusion that outcrops over 22 sq. mi. (57 km2) in the Southern Cordillera of British Columbia. The complex intruded Upper Triassic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Nicola Group, and on the basis of geologic relations and a K–Ar age determination (186 m.y.) is tentatively dated as Late Triassic.The principal ultramafic units — dunite, olivine clinopyroxenite, and hornblende clinopyroxenite — form an elongate, non-stratiform body whose irregular internal structure is best explained by deformation contemporaneous with crystallization of the rocks. The derivation of the ultramafic rocks is attributed to fractional crystallization of an ultrabasic magma. The gabbroic mass, which consists of syenogabbro and syenodiorite, partly borders and partly overlies the ultramafic body and was apparently intruded by it.The ultramafic and gabbroic parts of the complex probably formed from separate intrusions of different magmas, but the two suites have sufficient mineralogical and chemical features in common to indicate an ultimate petrogenic affinity of the magmas. Comparison of the Tulameen rocks with nearby intrusions of the same general age, in particular the Copper Mountain stock, suggests that they are members of a regional suite of alkalic intrusions. The possibility is also raised that these intrusions may be comagmatic with the Nicola volcanic rocks.

Life-History and Natural Control in British Columbia of Ocnerostoma piniariella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a Needle Miner on White Pine

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harris
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Pinus Cembra ◽  
White Pine

Ocnerostoma piniariella Zell. is an unimportant pest of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., in Europe. A variety, copiosella Frey, is found in the Swiss Alps attacking a white pine, Pinus cembra L., and sometimes occurs in sufficient numbers to reduce growth. Both European forms have a life-history similar to that described here for British Columbia.In North America, specimens identified as O. piniariella were collected in 1882 at Ithaca, New York (Forbes, 1924). The first Canadian record was for 1922 at Abbotsford, British Columbia, from white pine (Felt, 1922). The species has since been found in British Columbia at Vancouver, Victoria, Langley, and Aldergrove. Dr. T. N. Freeman (in litt.), Entomology Division, Ottawa, has collected it at Constance Bay, South March, Ottawa, and Bells Corners, Ontario.

THE STAGES OF ERANNIS VANCOUVERENSIS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND LIFE HISTORY NOTES

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Central California ◽  
Young Leaves

AbstractErannis vancouverensis Hulst occurs from northern British Columbia to central California, and has been occasionally reported at infestation levels. The larvae feed on young leaves of several species of deciduous trees; winter is passed in the egg or sometimes in the pupal stage; adults emerge during late autumn or occasionally during winter or early spring; females are wingless. The life stages, including larval instars, are described here in detail. Virus disease and parasitism by tachinid flies help control the species.

THE BIRDS OF THE CARIBOO PARKLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1945 ◽  
Vol 23d (3) ◽  
pp. 17-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Munro
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
Waterfowl Habitat ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Land Bird

The interior plateau of British Columbia between the 51st and 53rd parallels of latitude and the 120th and 126th degrees of west longitude constitute a definite biotic area designated as the Cariboo Parklands. Composite forests of lodgepole pine and aspen, grasslands, and shallow valleys containing numerous lakes, ponds, and marshes of various types are the principal physiographical features. Ten vertebrate habitats, each with a characteristic biota, are recognized. The region is an important migration route for waterfowl and constitutes the principal, and for some species the most northerly, nesting ground in the province. Nesting grounds are in units that vary greatly in size, in type of cover, and in their food potentials. They are subject to contraction in space, and consequent reduction in productivity, because of periodic seasons of drought. The biota is in rapid process of modification as a result of various human activities. Agricultural developments permanently impaired waterfowl habitat in some places but in other places, where the outlets of ponds have been dammed in order to store water for irrigation purposes, nesting grounds have been improved. The summer land bird population is derived mainly from the south and it includes several species that here reach the northern periphery of their range. The population also contains species of eastern origin that are not known to nest further south in the province. A total of 212 species and subspecies of birds are recorded for the region. Observations of the life history and behaviour of certain species are presented in detail.

Extreme life history change of white-spotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) after damming

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Morita ◽  
Shoichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Noboru Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Salvelinus Leucomaenis ◽  
Migration Barriers ◽  
Potential Migrant ◽  
White Spotted Char

Dam construction has serious consequences for anadromous fishes. We examined the effects of migration barriers formed following dam construction on the migratory behavior of white-spotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) by comparing migrants in accessible below-dam river sections with migrants in inaccessible above-dam river sections. The frequency of smolts (i.e., potential migrant) was higher for the below-dam sections than for the above-dam sections, and in contrast, the frequency of residents was higher for the above-dam sections. Above-dam sections had lower fry (age 0+) densities and consequently had higher growth rates compared with below-dam sections. A transplant experiment revealed that the majority of the below-dam fish adopted a resident strategy, as well as above-dam fish, when both had experienced the above-dam environment. We conclude that high growth as a result of low density promotes residency in the above-dam sections.

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