Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton in an Experimentally Acidified Lake Containing a Metalimnetic Phytoplankton Peak

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. s91-s95 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kettle ◽  
M. F. Moffett ◽  
F. deNoyelles Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Acid Lakes ◽  
Diurnal Distribution ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Experimental Acidification ◽  
Daphnia Catawba ◽  
Potential Food

A large biomass of phytoplankton occurred as a narrow band in the metalimnion of a small Canadian Shield lake which had been undergoing experimental acidification. This community represented the maximum concentration of algal biomass in the lake and was composed of small phytoplankton species. The diurnal distribution of crustacean zooplankton was determined in relation to this potential food source. Cyclopoid nauplii, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, and Daphnia catawba remained diurnally associated with the peak while other species were uniformly distributed throughout the water column. Those species which remained diurnally associated with the peak were exposed to the greatest food concentration in the lake and were also exposed to lower acid conditions than those in the upper waters. A deep-dwelling phytoplankton community may offer a refuge for some zooplankton species in acid lakes by providing a large food supply under less acidic conditions. The importance of sampling acid lakes through the entire water column is supported by these observations.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of pre-settled sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) in the North Sea in relation to size and environmental variables

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1342-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Jensen ◽  
Peter J Wright ◽  
Peter Munk
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Water Column ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Drift Trajectory ◽  
Vertical Positioning

Abstract Vertical distribution patterns of larval and juvenile sandeels were investigated at four locations in the North Sea. Sandeels between 6 and 65 mm were found to depths of 80 m, with vertical distributions dependent on both length and environmental factors. At one location with a stratified water column, the highest densities were found during the day in midwater where food concentration was also highest. In areas without marked vertical hydrographic gradients, larvae were relatively more abundant in surface waters during the day. At all locations, larvae of all sizes were generally more homogeneously distributed in the water column during night than during day. The extent of vertical migration, as measured by the standard deviation of the mean depth, increased generally with length. Gear avoidance was evident for larvae ≥20 mm. Catch efficiency generally depended on both length class and surface light intensity. A simulated drift pattern of larvae, based on ADCP current measurements from two locations, predicts that the horizontal drift trajectory would only be affected slightly by the vertical positioning of the larvae in the water column during the time of sampling. The implication of vertical migrations for dispersal of larvae away from the spawning grounds is discussed.

Long-term directional trajectories among lake crustacean zooplankton communities and water chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1926-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. Lamothe ◽  
Donald A. Jackson ◽  
Keith M. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Acidified Lakes ◽  
Experimental Acidification ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Lake Systems

Understanding community responses to disturbance is a long-standing challenge in ecology and will remain a critical issue as human activity continues to alter environmental conditions. This is particularly concerning for freshwater communities, which are often subject to the effects of multiple disturbances on the landscape. With crustacean zooplankton community composition data and associated water chemistry from 19 Ontario lakes, we quantify the relative magnitude and directionality of change over three decades using distances in multivariate ordinations. The data span a gradient of impact from minimally disturbed reference lakes to lakes with known impacts from experimental acidification trials, atmospheric acidification, and regional land-use changes. Most communities exhibited changes from historical conditions, including previously described reference systems. Zooplankton communities in experimentally acidified lakes showed gradual, directional patterns with a return to historical conditions postmanipulation, but have since deviated again from historical conditions. Most zooplankton communities in atmospherically acidified lakes showed gradual, directional trajectories over time. Overall, our results demonstrate that zooplankton communities are changing among both minimally disturbed lake systems and lakes known to be impacted by human activities.

Predicting Reacidification of Calcite Treated Acid Lakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. DePinto ◽  
Richard D. Scheffe ◽  
William G. Booty ◽  
Thomas C. Young
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Water Proton ◽  
Acid Lakes ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Woods Lake

A mathematical model (acid lake reacidification model, ALaRM) for predicting reacidification times of calcite treated acid lakes has been calibrated and field tested using data from two Lake Acidification Mitigation Project (LAMP)) lakes (Woods Lake and Cranberry Pond, Big Moose, N.Y.) The model is based on dynamic water column and sediment mass balances of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Inclusion of a sediment submodel that includes sediment–pore water proton exchange, production of DIC through sediment respiration, ANC generation or utilization through redox reactions, long-term dissolution of calcite deposited in the surface sediments during application, and pH adjustment through an equilibrium proton balance, permits the deterministic simulation of sediment response to whole-lake liming and its subsequent effect on water column reacidification. Application of ALaRM to the postliming response of the two lakes demonstrated that reacidification was controlled primarily by hydrologic flushing and secondarily by sediment–water ANC transfer. Cranberry Pond, which has a mean hydraulic retention time of 2 mo, reacidified to near 0 ANC and pH < 5 within 6 mo after treatment. Woods Lake, which has a mean hydraulic retention time of almost 6 mo, still had an ANC > 20 μeq∙L−1 and a pH > 5.6 just prior to its reliming 15 mo after its initial treatment.

Zooplankton Communities and Water Chemistry of Sudbury Area Lakes: Changes Related to pH Recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Locke ◽  
W. Gary Sprules ◽  
W. Keller ◽  
J. Roger Pitblado
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Acid Lakes

Temporal trends in pH, alkalinity, and crustacean zooplankton species richness and community composition were studied in 80 Sudbury area lakes sampled in 1971–76, 1981, and 1988–90. Alkalinity and pH have increased in recent years, but many of the study lakes remain quite acidic (modal pH 4.5–4.9). Species richness has also increased, on average, by 1.9 species/lake but is still low in many acid lakes relative to that in circumneutral lakes. Community composition differed among lakes of pH <5.0, 5.0–5.9, and ≥6.0, with some overlap between these groups because zooplankton recovery has lagged behind chemical recovery. Trajectories of community change in recovering acid lakes varied substantially in the early stages of recovery from highly acidic (pH <5.0) to moderately acidic pH (5.0–5.9). In contrast, trajectories in lakes recovered to pH ≥6.0 converged toward the community structure more typical of circumneutral lakes in the 1970's. This suggests that given sufficient time, zooplankton community structure of recovering lakes may approach that of circumneutral lakes.

scholarly journals Optical characterization of an eddy-induced diatom bloom west of the island of Hawaii

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 8075-8100 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nencioli ◽  
G. Chang ◽  
M. Twardowski ◽  
T. D. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Diatom Bloom ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Scattering Ratio ◽  
Particle Backscattering

Abstract. Optical properties are used to characterize the biogeochemistry of cyclonic eddy Opal in the lee of Hawaii. The eddy featured an intense diatom bloom. Our results show that the ratio of chlorophyll concentration to particulate beam attenuation coefficient, [chl]/cp, is not a good indicator of the changes in particle composition through the water column. The ratio is controlled primarily by the variation in chlorophyll concentration per cell with depth (photoadaptation), so that its values increase throughout the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer (DCML). Below the DCML, high values of [chl]/cp suggest that remineralization might be another important controlling factor. On the other hand, the backscattering ratio (particle backscattering to particle scattering ratio, b~bp) clearly indicates a shift from a small phytoplankton to a diatom dominated community. Below an upper layer characterized by constant values, the b~bp ratio showed a rapid decrease to a broad minimum within the DCML. The higher values below the DCML are consistent with enhanced remineralization below the eddy-induced bloom. The DCML was characterized by a layer of "healthy" diatoms underlying a layer of "senescent" diatoms. These two layers are characterized by similar optical properties, indicating some possible limitations in using optical measurements to fully characterize the composition of suspended material in the water column. An inverse relationship between b~bp and [chl]/cp, also reported by others, is observed as deep as the DCML. There, [chl]/cp increases whereas b~bp remains similar to values found in the empty frustule layer. This is a further indication that [chl]/cp might not be a good alternative to the backscattering ratio for investigating changes in particle composition with depth in Case I waters.

Midsummer Crustacean Zooplankton Communities in Acid-Stressed Lakes

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gary Sprules
Keyword(s):  
Group Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Recurrent Group ◽  
Diaptomus Oregonensis ◽  
Daphnia Galeata Mendotae ◽  
Daphnia Catawba ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The distribution of limnetic crustacean zooplankton species and species associations in 47 industrially acidified lakes of the La Cloche Mountains, Ontario, are examined. pH, which ranged from 3.8 to 7.0, and to a lesser extent lake area and depth are the major determinants of the structure of these communities. Mesocyclops edax, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, Diaptomus minutus, Holopedium gibberum, Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, and Bosmina sp. were common species which occurred over the entire pH range. Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus, Epischura lacustris, Diaptomus oregonensis, Leptodora kindtii, Daphnia galeata mendotae, D. retrocurva, D. ambigua, and D. longiremis plus some other rare species making a total of 64% of all species found never or rarely occurred below pH 5.0. Polyphemus pediculus, Daphnia catawba, and D. pulicaria were found primarily in lakes with low pH. An increase in the complexity of the zooplankton communities with increasing pH was evident. Above pH 5.0 the communities contained 9–16 species with three or four dominant species; in lakes with pH 5.0 or less the communities comprised one to seven species with only one or two dominants. Compared with relatively unspoiled lakes of similar morphometry in northwestern Ontario (ELA lakes) the La Cloche lakes have unusually simple zooplankton associations, particularly the very acidic lakes. Recurrent group analysis of the La Cloche and ELA lakes indicated that they were both characterized by a single major recurrent group of six species, five of which were common to the two areas. In the La Cloche lakes the group of six species occurred most frequently in lakes with pH above 5.0 although it maintained its integrity even down to pH 5.0. It is concluded that pH has a great effect on these zooplankton communities, primarily in lakes with pH below 5.0 where many species are completely eliminated and even tolerant species become progressively rarer until in some lakes a single species (D. minutus) remains.

Daily variations in vertical distribution of crustacean zooplankton in a mountain lake (Lake Tinquilco, 39°S, Araucania Region) in Chile

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante ◽  
Enrique Hauenstein ◽  
Patricio Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Harmful Radiation ◽  
Possible Cause

The community of crustacean zooplankton in lakes can show temporal vertical variations in composition and abundance due to the influence of exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation. The aim of the present study was to analyse the zooplankton composition both at the surface and in the water column, and at different times during the day and night, in a northern Patagonian mountain lake (Lake Tinquilco, 39°S, 763 m a.s.l.) in Chile. Eight samples were collected in two days: four samples between the surface and 5 m depth, and four between the surface and 20 m depth. Based on these data, the corresponding values of the Shannon diversity index were estimated. In samples collected at 0-5 m depth, low species numbers were found in comparison with samples collected at 0-20 m. At 0-5 m, the highest biodiversity was observed in the evening, whereas at 0-20 m depth the highest biodiversity was observed in the morning and early afternoon. As a possible cause for this variation, the exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation would be the most probable, since that harmful radiation can penetrate into the superficial part of the water column.

Effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation on diel vertical migration of freshwater crustacean zooplankton

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Cooke ◽  
Craig E. Williamson ◽  
Dina M. Leech ◽  
Wiebke J. Boeing ◽  
Lisette Torres
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Diel Vertical Migration ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Stratified Lakes ◽  
Phototactic Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Daphnia Catawba

In transparent, thermally stratified lakes, ultraviolet radiation (UV) and temperature are among the primary factors influencing diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton. It is not well known how behavioral responses will vary across a wide range of depths with steep gradients in UV, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and temperature. Our objective was to determine the relative importance of UV and temperature on DVM of Daphnia catawba and Leptodiaptomus minutus in a high UV, thermally stratified lake. Using UV-transparent (+UV) and UV-opaque (–UV) columns suspended within the mixed layer and metalimnion, we found that both species were generally shallower in the –UV than in the +UV columns. Daphnia catawba responded negatively to UV, even below the 1% depth for 320 nm, whereas L. minutus responded to UV only within the mixed layer and upper metalimnion. Daphnia catawba did not migrate in the –UV in the mixed layer, but migrated upwards in the –UV in the deep part of the metalimnion, indicating a temperature-induced rather than phototactic response. At night, both species migrated upwards in the metalimnion and were evenly distributed in the mixed layer. These results indicate that in transparent lakes, UV may constrain some zooplankton to cooler, suboptimal temperatures, which may compromise fitness.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of an Eddy-induced Diatom Bloom West of the Island of Hawaii

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nencioli ◽  
G. Chang ◽  
M. Twardowski ◽  
T. D. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Diatom Bloom ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract. Optical properties were collected along a transect across cyclonic eddy Opal in the lee of Hawaii during the E-Flux III field experiment (10–27 March 2005). The eddy was characterized by an intense doming of isopycnal surfaces, and by an enhanced Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer (DCML) within its core. The phytoplankton bloom was diatom dominated, evidencing an eddy-induced shift in ecological community. Four distinct regions were identified throughout the water column at Opal's core: a surface mixed layer dominated by small phytoplankton; a layer dominated by "senescent" diatoms between the bottom of the upper mixed layer and the DCML; the DCML; and a deep layer characterized by decreasing phytoplankton activity. We focused on two parameters, the ratio of chlorophyll concentration to particulate beam attenuation coefficient, [chl]/cp, and the backscattering ratio (the particle backscattering to particle scattering ratio), b~bp, and tested their sensitivity to the changes in particle composition observed through the water column at the eddy center. Our results show that [chl]/cp is not a good indicator. Despite the shift in ecological community, the ratio remains controlled primarily by the variation in chlorophyll concentration per cell with depth (photoadaptation), so that its values increase throughout the DCML. Steeper increase of [chl]/cp below the DCML suggest that remineralization might be another important controlling factor. On the other hand, b~bp clearly indicates a shift from a small phytoplankton to a diatom dominated community. Below an upper layer characterized by constant values, the b~bp showed a rapid decrease to a broad minimum within the DCML. The higher values below the DCML are consistent with enhanced remineralization below the eddy-induced bloom. Both the "senescent" and the "healthy" diatom layers are characterized by similar optical properties, indicating some possible limitations in using optical measurements to fully characterize the composition of suspended material in the water column. The inverse relationship between b~bp, reported by others for Case II waters, is observed neither for the background conditions, nor in the presence of the eddy-induced diatom bloom. Between the two parameters, only the backscattering ratio showed the potential to be a successful indicator for changes in particle composition in Case I waters.

Effects of environmental variables on burial depth of two infaunal bivalves inhabiting a tidal flat in southern Chile

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Lardies ◽  
Elena Clasing ◽  
Jorge M. Navarro ◽  
R.A. Stead
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Food Concentration ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Deposit Feeding

The annual pattern of burial depth in natural populations of the infaunal bivalves Tagelus dombeii (Tellinacea) and Venus antiqua (Veneracea) is described in relation to annual food availability in both the water column and the sediment and abiotic factors (temperature and salinity) at Coihuín tidal flat, in southern Chile. A field experiment in which burial depth was measured in situ each month (over 14 months), with the aid of a fixed-length nylon thread attached to the shell. For T. dombeii the results showed a significant increase in burial depth with increasing bivalve size and syphon weight. Tagelus dombeii had a mean burial depth of 17·5 cm, which was three times more than in V. antiqua (5·30 cm). The burial depth dynamics for both species displayed a strong correlation with food availability in the water column. Approximately 60% of the variability in burial depth in T. dombeii and V. antiqua was explained by concentration of chlorophyll-a in the water column. Food concentration on the sediment surface did not effect burial depth, i.e. deposit feeding seems to be of minor significance in either species.

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