Growth of Lampsilis radiata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Sand and Mud: A Reciprocal Transplant Experiment

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Hinch ◽  
Robert C. Bailey ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Two Populations

To examine the effects of habitat on shell growth and form, freshwater unionid clams (Lampsilis radiata) were reciprocally transplanted between a sandy and a muddy site in Inner Long Point Bay, Lake Erie. There were significant differences in the initial shell dimensions of the two populations, with the sand clams being larger and less obese than the mud clams. Pretransplant growth rate analysis, using annual rings, showed that long-term growth in the sand was greater than that in the mud. After 16 wk the transplanted clams were recovered. Overall growth rate was affected by the source of the clams, while transplant destination affected shape change (height growth per unit length growth). This suggests that shell growth rates may be under direct genetic control, while shell shape can be adaptively modified by environmental cues.

The Effects of Reduced Salinity on the Shell Growth of Small Mytilus Edulis

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Almada-Villela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Better Than

The shell growth of small coastal Mytilus edulis L. was measured at three different constant low salinities over short periods of time. Growth was significantly depressed in 6·4 and 16‰ S but not in 22·4‰ S. Fluctuating salinities between 0 and 32‰ S depressed growth whether the fluctuations were of sinusoidal or abrupt form. After 1 week of preconditioning to constant 32‰ S the growth of coastal (Bangor) mussels was better than estuarine (Conwy) mussels. However, after two weeks’ preconditioning to 32‰ S the estuarine mussels displayed the best growth. In the fluctuating regime, both coastal and estuarine mussels exhibited poor growth rates. The long-term response of the shell growth of coastal M. edulis was followed over a period of 44 days. Salinities in the range 1·8–9·6‰ S were lethal to the mussels within 10 days. In 12·8 and 16‰ S growth was initially delayed but recovered eventually. There was a gradual decline in the growth rate of the mussels exposed to the higher salinities (19·2–32‰) and an improvement in the growth of the mussels living in lower salinities (12·8 and 16‰) to levels nearly matching that of the high salinity animals by day 37. This suggests that acclimation of the shell growth of M. edulis to salinities in the 12·8–28·8‰ S range was achieved by the mussels during the experimental period.

The growth and survival of three closely related Myosotis species in a 3-year transplant experiment

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Koutecká ◽  
Jan Lepš
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Wet Grasslands ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Two Populations

We studied the growth and survival of three closely related species (Myosotis caespitosa C.F. Schultz, Myosotis palustris (L.) L. subsp. laxiflora (Reichenb.) Schubler et Martens, and Myosotis nemorosa Besser) in a 3-year reciprocal transplant experiment. Plants from two populations of each species were transplanted into five experimental localities where one of the three Myosotis species was resident. Young plants were planted into three types of competitive microsites as follows: gap, sparse vegetation, and dense vegetation. The experiment demonstrated differences among the species. It also showed large differences among populations within a species. The relative success of the species differed among individual localities and among different microsites, and the favorableness of microsites differed among localities. The Myosotis species typically had an advantage in localities where the species was resident. Myosotis caespitosa exhibited the highest mortality of its clones, particularly under competition, which corresponds well to its habitat preferences (disturbed and short-term sites), but it also exhibited the ability to spread in gaps by secondary rosettes. Myosotis palustris subsp. laxiflora spreads best clonally, but its clonal spread was most suppressed by competition. This was consistent with its ability to colonize quickly vegetation-free sites along water, but with weak competitiveness in later stages of succession. Myosotis nemorosa exhibited the highest survival rate, which fits with its preference for permanent wet grasslands.

scholarly journals Evidence of Ostrea lurida (Carpenter 1864) population structure in Puget Sound, WA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Emerson Heare ◽  
Brady Blake ◽  
Jonathan P. Davis ◽  
Brent Vadopalas ◽  
Steven B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Ostrea Lurida ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

For long term persistence of species, it is important to consider population structure. 28 Traits that hold adaptive advantage such as reproductive timing and stress resilience may differ 29 among locales. Knowledge and consideration of these traits should be integrated into 30 conservation efforts. A reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out monitoring survival, 31 growth, and reproduction using three established populations of Ostrea lurida within Puget 32 Sound, Washington. Performance differed for each population. Ostrea lurida from Dabob Bay 33 had higher survival at all sites but lower reproductive activity and growth. Oysters from Oyster 34 Bay demonstrated greater reproductive activity at all sites with moderate growth and survival. 35 Together these data suggest the existence of O. lurida population structure within Puget Sound 36 and provide information on how broodstock should be selected for restoration purposes.

scholarly journals Growth Rate Analysis of an Untreated Glomus Vagale on MRI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Tzu-Yu Wang ◽  
Allen Yu-Yu Wang ◽  
Sheila Cheng ◽  
Lavier Gomes ◽  
Melville Da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Serial Mri ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Paragangliomas are slow growing, hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors that develop in the extra-adrenal paraganglion tissues. Paraganglioma involving the vagus nerve ganglia is termed glomus vagale. The slow growth of head and neck paragangliomas especially in the absence of symptom may obviate the necessity for any active intervention, in which case, a “wait and scan” policy is implemented involving long-term clinical and radiologic follow-ups. We present a case of a 71-year-old female with an untreated left glomus vagale who underwent a conservative “wait and rescan” plan of management and the tumor was observed with 8 serial MRI scans over a period of 7.4 years. A growth rate analysis was conducted which demonstrated a slow growth. A literature review of radiologic studies examining the natural history of head and neck paragangliomas was also performed.

Seasonal Growth Studies of Intertidal Gastropods From Shell Micro-Growth Band Measurements, Including A Comparison With Alternative Methods

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. K. Ekaratne ◽  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Nucella Lapillus ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Short And Long Term

Tidal micro-growth bands were used to study the annual cycle of shell growth of individuals dated predominantly by the immersion mark technique, in three common intertidal gastropods Nucella lapillus (L.), Littorina littorea (L.) and Patella vulgata L. growing naturally in the Menai Straits. Growth in all three species approximated to the von Bertalanaffy type. All three species grew throughout the year, N. lapillus and L. littorea with early autumn and summer maxima, respectively, and P. vulgata with two maxima, one in late spring and the other in early autumn. P. vulgata alone were observed during exposure to a 6-day period of sub-zero air temperature in January 1982 when shell growth was totally interrupted. In Nucella and Littorina shell growth was found to be closely related to ambient temperature but in Patella there was a summer depression in growth. The file technique when combined with the immersion mark technique in date marking, was found to be inferior to the immersion mark technique on its own, since filing occasionally affected growth adversely.From among the factors determining the seasonal changes in growth rate, temperature was of major importance. Seasonal reproduction may also have an influence, especially in P. vulgata where gametogenesis coincides with the depression in growth rate during summer months.Alternative methods used in gastropod growth studies were compared. In the light of inadequacies associated with other methods of measuring growth, micro-growth band measurements in gastropods offers a new method with high resolution suitable both for short and long-term growth studies. It has potential also for ecological and physiological aspects of growth measurements.

A NEW TEST METHOD FOR SHIPPING PALLETS OF SOLAR PRODUCTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
Shu-Tsung Hsu ◽  
Yean-San Long ◽  
Teng-Chun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Cell Module ◽  
Solar Cell Module ◽  
Module System

The photovoltaic (PV) industry is expanding rapidly to meet the growing renewable-energy demands globally. The failure-rate analysis indicated that a large portion of the accelerated PV module qualification failures were related to the failure of PV cell itself, which was leading to the yield loss of PV products during shipping or transportation. Therefore, the damaged cell (or module) caused by shipping is always one of the serious problems to impact the long-term reliability of PV product. This paper aims to propose a new test method of reliability evaluation for shipping pallet of solar product. The first scenario is the test pallet shipped in fab (e.g., fork-lift truck or hand-pallet truck). The second scenario is the test pallet transported from fab to fab by different vehicle (e.g., truck, train, aircraft, and shipboard). Consequently, detailed results were applied to SEMI Doc. 5431 and released as SEMI PV56-1214 by voting in December 2014. The solar cell/module/system makers and buyers, or any other party interested like package design, can thus have a common document to refer to when desired.

scholarly journals Does Local Adaptation Impact on the Distribution of Competing Aedes Disease Vectors?

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Bennett ◽  
William Owen McMillan ◽  
Jose R. Loaiza
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Reciprocal Transplant Experiment ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti L. and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse mosquitoes are major arboviral disease vectors in human populations. Interspecific competition between these species shapes their distribution and hence the incidence of disease. While Ae. albopictus is considered a superior competitor for ecological resources and displaces its contender Ae. aegypti from most environments, the latter is able to persist with Ae. albopictus under particular environmental conditions, suggesting species occurrence cannot be explained by resource competition alone. The environment is an important determinant of species displacement or coexistence, although the factors underpinning its role remain little understood. In addition, it has been found that Ae. aegypti can be adapted to the environment across a local scale. Based on data from the Neotropical country of Panama, we present the hypothesis that local adaptation to the environment is critical in determining the persistence of Ae. aegypti in the face of its direct competitor Ae. albopictus. We show that although Ae. albopictus has displaced Ae. aegypti in some areas of Panama, both species coexist across many areas, including regions where Ae. aegypti appear to be locally adapted to dry climate conditions and less vegetated environments. Based on these findings, we describe a reciprocal transplant experiment to test our hypothesis, with findings expected to provide fundamental insights into the role of environmental variation in shaping the landscape of emerging arboviral disease.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and chromatin landscape of iNKT cells are shaped by subset differentiation and antigen exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory Paynich Murray ◽  
Isaac Engel ◽  
Grégory Seumois ◽  
Sara Herrera-De la Mata ◽  
Sandy Lucette Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Inkt Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Innate Lymphocytes ◽  
Killer T Cells ◽  
Invariant Natural Killer ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractInvariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) differentiate into thymic and peripheral NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17 subsets. Here we use RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses and show iNKT subsets are similar, regardless of tissue location. Lung iNKT cell subsets possess the most distinct location-specific features, shared with other innate lymphocytes in the lung, possibly consistent with increased activation. Following antigenic stimulation, iNKT cells undergo chromatin and transcriptional changes delineating two populations: one similar to follicular helper T cells and the other NK or effector like. Phenotypic analysis indicates these changes are observed long-term, suggesting that iNKT cells gene programs are not fixed, but they are capable of chromatin remodeling after antigen to give rise to additional subsets.

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