Influence of Dietary Protein and Lipid on Apparent Heat Increment of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. LeGrow ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Heat Increment

Oxygen uptake attributable to apparent heat increment (AHI) in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (10–15 g), induced to swim at [Formula: see text] was influenced by dietary energy intake and diet composition. Twelve balanced diets were tested, with protein levels of [Formula: see text], 40, 48 and 60% and lipid levels of [Formula: see text], 15, and 23% factorally combined. Diets supplying 34% protein and 23% lipid (protein to energy ratio of 94.3 mg∙kcal−1) resulted in the lowest AHI of all diets tested, indicating most efficient utilization of dietary protein. At a dietary lipid level of 23%, dietary protein levels lower than 34% may result in a further reduction in AHI. Duration of elevated metabolism following feeding was independent of dietary protein and lipid level, as well as dietary energy intake. AHI of rainbow trout represented the equivalent of 15–24% of the digestible energy intake, depending on diet composition. A reduction in dietary protein with a concomitant increase in dietary lipid in the formulation of feeds for aquaculture purposes could enhance growth efficiency by reducing the energy expenditure for AHI.

Effects of Water Salinity and Dietary Protein Levels on Total Serum Protein and Hematocrit of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim H. Zeitoun ◽  
Duane E. Ullrey ◽  
Peter I. Tack
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Different Levels

Seven separate diets ranging from 30 to 60% protein in 5% increments were fed for 10 wk to duplicate groups of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, fingerlings maintained at 10 and 20‰ salinity. Water salinity and dietary protein concentration did not significantly influence total serum protein. Hematocrit increased substantially with salinity (35.3% for fish at 10 ppt and 39.1% for those at 20 ppt), whereas different levels of dietary protein were of minor consequence.

scholarly journals Constraints on Energy Intake in Fish: The Link between Diet Composition, Energy Metabolism, and Energy Intake in Rainbow Trout

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e34743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Saravanan ◽  
Johan W. Schrama ◽  
A. Claudia Figueiredo-Silva ◽  
Sadasivam J. Kaushik ◽  
Johan A. J. Verreth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Composition

scholarly journals Protein utilisation and intermediary metabolism of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) as a function of protein:lipid ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Borges ◽  
Françoise Medale ◽  
Jorge Dias ◽  
Luísa M. P. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Dietary Starch

Previous experiments with Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) have demonstrated that dietary lipid levels above 8 % impaired growth and did not promote protein retention. We hypothesised that this low ability to use high-lipid diets may depend on the dietary protein level. In the present study, a 2 × 2 factorial design was applied where two dietary lipid (4–17 % DM) and two dietary protein (below and above the requirement levels, 48 and 54 % DM) levels were tested in juveniles for 114 d. Growth performance was not improved by the increase in dietary fat, irrespectively of the dietary protein levels. Protein retention was similar among the diets, although fish fed the diets with high lipid content resulted in significantly lower protein gain. Among the enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism, only aspartate aminotransferase activity in the liver was affected by the dietary lipid levels, being stimulated in fish fed high-lipid diets. Moreover, phosphofructokinase 1 activity was significantly elevated in the muscle of Senegalese sole fed 4 % lipid diets, suggesting enhanced glycolysis in the muscle when the dietary lipid supply was limited and dietary starch increased. The results confirmed that high-lipid diets do not enhance growth, and data from the selected enzymes support the assumption that lipids are not efficiently used for energy production and protein sparing, even when dietary protein is below the protein requirement of the species. Furthermore, data suggest a significant role of glucose as the energy source in Senegalese sole.

Use of two vegetable by-products as protein sources in rainbow trout feeding

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Moyano ◽  
G. Cardenete ◽  
M. de la Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractTwo experiments were designed to test the possibility of partially replacing fish-meal protein in rainbow trout either with maize-gluten meal (MGM) (experiment 1) or potato protein concentrate (PPC) (experiment 2). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 30 g initial average weight were given diets containing different levels of MGM or PPC proteins ranging from 0 to 0·4 or to 0·6 of dietary protein, respectively. Substitutions of fish meal either by MGM or PPC were carried out establishing two different total dietary protein levels; 350 and 450 g/kg. Results showed that the MGM diets were acceptable and gave a significant enhancement (over 0·37 in the better case) in nutrient utilization when compared with those including only fish meal. On the contrary, diets including PPC were poorly accepted, and the growth offish and nutrient utilization were negatively correlated with dietary levels of PPC. It is concluded that levels of MGM representing around 400 g/kg diet can be used in foods for rainbow trout, whereas PPC appears not to be a suitable protein source for those fish.

Techniques for evaluation of dietary protein quality for the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Aquaculture ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. March ◽  
Carol Macmillan ◽  
Frederick W. Ming
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein level, and an anabolic steroid, ethylestrenol, on the growth, food conversion efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Ince ◽  
K. P. Lone ◽  
A. J. Matty
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency

1. Three isoenergetic test diets containing 320, 430 and 530 g protein/kg, with (experimental) and without (control) inclusion of an anabolic steroid, ethylestrenol, were given to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of mean initial weight 27 g, for 60 d.2. After 60 d, all trout groups were given an identical, steroid-free, commercial diet (410 g protein/kg) for a further 30 d, to observe withdrawal effects on growth.3. The weight and length of trout given the 430 and 530 g protein/kg control diets were significantly greater after 60 d than those given the 320 g protein/kg control diet.4. Inclusion of steroid enhanced the weight and length of trout given the 320 and 430 g protein/kg experimental diets, exerting a preferential effect on weight as opposed to length.5. After steroid withdrawal, a significant difference between the weight and length of the 320 g protein/kg control and experimental groups was still apparent.6. An increase in dietary protein increased the food conversion efficiency, and decreased the protein efficiency ratio. Inclusion of steroid increased both these factors over the respective controls.7. Protein assimilation decreased, and faecal nitrogen content increased with increasing dietary protein. In trout given steroid, protein assimilation and apparent digestibility was higher, and facecal N content, lower than the controls.8. Muscle protein increased with increasing dietary protein, and was higher in trout given steroid.9. Relative liver weight increased with increasing dietary protein. Inclusion of steroid resulted in a reduction in relative liver and gut weight, and an increase in kidney weight.10. It is concluded that ethylestrenol promotes both the growth and efficiency of nutrient utilization of trout. The magnitude and duration of these effects are a function of the dietary protein level.

Maximum Tolerable Level, Digestion, and Metabolism of D-Glucose (Cerelose) in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Reared on a Practical Trout Diet

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Tolerable Level

The maximum tolerable dietary level, digestion, and metabolism of D-glucose (cerelose) were investigated in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared on practical diets containing optimum protein and lipid levels at two different water temperatures for 12 wk. Liver glycogen levels (LG) and liver:body weight ratios (LB) initially increased with increasing dietary glucose, but leveled off above 10–15% glucose. The plateauing of LB and LG was consistent with the plateauing of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD) and probably overall hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity at high dietary levels of glucose. This indicates that there may be an optimum ratio of digestible carbohydrate to lipid in salmonid diets. LG and LB tended to be higher in trout reared upon the same dietary glucose level in fish reared at 11 °C as compared with those at 15 °C. This may have been caused by increased activity of the HMS as indicated by increased activity of liver G6PD in fish acclimated to 11 °C as compared to trout reared at 15 °C on the same dietary glucose level (when assayed at 15 °C). The digestion coefficient of glucose was uniformly high (96–99%) and not affected by either dietary glucose level (up to 25% of the diet) or water temperature (11 or 15 °C). The maximum tolerable level of glucose in salmonid diets appears to be dependent upon the protein, lipid, and overall energy content of the diet.Key words: trout, glucose digestion, glucose metabolism, maximum tolerable levels, water temperature, dietary energy

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document