The Retention of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Carcasses by Organic Debris in Small Streams

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J. Cederholm ◽  
N. P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Small Streams

Twenty marked coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) carcasses were placed in each of nine small streams on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington during the fall–winter spawning period. Distribution of the carcasses in 500 m of stream below each release site was followed for 4 wk. One week after placement, 78 of the 180 carcasses were found in the nine study reaches; 80% were found in the first 200 m downstream of the release sites. A general positive trend was observed between the number of carcasses retained and the amount of debris in the stream channel (r = 0.61). Terrestrial animals rapidly consumed carcasses during the experiment, and removed many of them to the riparian zone.

Fate of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Carcasses in Spawning Streams

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Cederholm ◽  
D. B. Houston ◽  
D. L. Cole ◽  
W. J. Scarlett
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Streams And Rivers ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Spawning Streams

We examined the levels of retention and utilization of 945 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) carcasses released experimentally into seven spawning streams on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Most carcasses were retained in the streams and in adjacent forests, few were flushed beyond 600 m. Organic debris caught and held many carcasses. Much of the fish mass was consumed by 22 species of mammals and birds. The distances that carcasses drifted appeared to be related directly to the occurrence of freshets and inversely to debris load and carnivore scavenging. The capacity of many streams and rivers to retain carcasses has probably been reduced by human activities. The importance of coho carcasses to populations of carnivores and to the dynamics of lotic food webs merits additional study.

Spatial distribution, survival, and growth of sibling groups of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in an experimental stream channel

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2119-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Andrew H. Dittman ◽  
N. Phil Peterson ◽  
Eric Volk
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Sibling Recognition

The spatial distribution, survival, and growth of two full-sibling families of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in an experimental outdoor stream channel were compared between the families and with the performance of one of the families in an allopatric control channel after 75 d of rearing. No difference in survival was observed between families (81.2% overall), but their spatial distributions in the channel differed markedly. One family or the other numerically dominated 5 of 7 riffle-pool habitat units within the sympatric treatment channel. The family that was larger at the beginning of the experiment (0.52 vs. 0.37 g mean mass) was also larger at the end (2.03 vs. 1.58 g). While there was little evidence of density-dependent growth overall, the growth of each family was correlated with the density of siblings in the unit. However, the larger bodied family showed negative density-dependent growth, whereas the smaller bodied family showed positive density-dependent growth. These patterns of distribution and growth may have arisen from sibling recognition or some other proximate mechanism such as assortative distribution based on size or interfamily variation in aggression. Regardless of the mechanism, intrapopulation variation in distribution and growth may lead to considerable variation in fitness among families because these factors affect success in subsequent freshwater and marine life history stages.

Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A.

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1909-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Bilby ◽  
Brian R Fransen ◽  
Peter A Bisson ◽  
Jason K Walter
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Salmon Carcasses

Availability of organic matter and nutrients transported from the marine environment to streams by spawning salmon was increased in two small streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A., by adding salmon carcasses from a nearby hatchery. Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rearing at these sites was compared with nearby streams where few salmon spawned. Densities of age 0+ coho salmon and age 0+ and age 1+ steelhead increased following carcass additions to the treated streams. A similar increase in density was not observed at the reference sites. Condition factors in treated streams increased following carcass addition and remained at high levels while carcasses were present whereas no similar pattern was observed at the reference sites. Stomach contents of fish in streams to which carcasses had been added consisted primarily of salmon eggs and carcass flesh when carcasses were present in the stream. Stable isotope analysis indicated that the proportion of marine-derived nitrogen in the muscle tissue of juvenile salmonids increased as much as 39% following carcass placement. Results suggest that eggs and carcasses of adult salmon provide a very important resource during a period when other food items are often scarce.

Immigration of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) into Riverine Ponds

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Large River ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Clearwater River

Riverine ponds on the Olympic Peninsula provide important winter refuge for juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). A total of 9530 juvenile coho migrated into two riverine ponds of the Clearwater River in 1977, principally during fall freshets. Extensive movement by marked fish (as much as 32.6 km downstream) before entering the ponds suggests that a system-wide approach to habitat management is important in maintaining freshwater production potential of large river systems.Key words: juvenile coho, immigration, winter behavior, migration, freshet, pond

Vertical Distribution of Sediment and Organic Debris in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Redds in Three Small Oregon Streams

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil H. Ringler ◽  
James D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Sediment Particle ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Coastal Streams ◽  
Sediment Layers

Vertical distribution of sediment (particle diameter <3.33 mm) and organic debris was studied in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) redds in three Oregon coastal streams subjected to different degrees of logging. Gravel composition in frozen cores varied significantly among redds in both logged streams. Sediment content in redds appeared to decrease with depth in the logged streams, but differences in gravel composition among streams obscured differences among depths. Sediment layers of variable thickness were visible in several core samples. In one logged stream, redds contained an average of 25% less sediment than redds used 1 yr earlier. Organic content of the gravel represented <2.8% of the core samples by weight and was directly related to the quantity of sediment in the streambed. The pattern of vertical distribution of organic debris in the clearcut stream (most abundant near the surface) differed significantly from that in the other two streams. Patterns of distribution and variability in gravel composition were consistent with post-logging changes in gravel permeability and survival to emergence of coho salmon.

Habitat factors affecting the abundance and distribution of juvenile cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Rosenfeld ◽  
Marc Porter ◽  
Eric Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarki ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Small Streams

The distribution, abundance, and habitat associations of juvenile anadromous coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were evaluated using survey data from 119 sites in coastal British Columbia. Both cutthroat and coho occurred at their highest densities in very small streams (<5 m channel width), and bankfull channel width was the single best predictor of cutthroat presence (p = 0.0001) and density (R2 = 0.55). Within a channel, densities of coho and larger (yearling and older) cutthroat parr were highest in pools, while densities of young-of-the-year cutthroat were significantly lower in pools and highest in shallower habitats. Abundance of larger cutthroat parr and pool habitat were positively correlated with large woody debris (LWD) within a subset of intermediate-gradient gravel-cobble streams, where pools appear to be limiting to larger cutthroat parr abundance. More than 50% of pools were formed by scour associated with LWD in streams ranging from 1.2 to 11 m channel width, and pools formed by LWD scour were on average 10% deeper than pools formed by other mechanisms. Disproportionate use of small streams by cutthroat indicates that protection of small stream habitat is important for long-term conservation of sea-run populations.

scholarly journals Evaluating Coexistence of Fish Species with Coastal Cutthroat Trout in Low Order Streams of Western Oregon and Washington, USA

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Martens ◽  
Jason Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Low Order

When multiple species of fish coexist there are a host of potential ways through which they may interact, yet there is often a strong focus on studies of single species without considering these interactions. For example, many studies of forestry–stream interactions in the Pacific Northwest have focused solely on the most prevalent species: Coastal cutthroat trout. To examine the potential for interactions of other fishes with coastal cutthroat trout, we conducted an analysis of 281 sites in low order streams located on Washington’s Olympic Peninsula and along the central Oregon coast. Coastal cutthroat trout and juvenile coho salmon were the most commonly found salmonid species within these streams and exhibited positive associations with each other for both presence and density. Steelhead were negatively associated with the presence of coastal cutthroat trout as well as with coho salmon and sculpins (Cottidae). Coastal cutthroat trout most frequently shared streams with juvenile coho salmon. For densities of these co-occurring species, associations between these two species were relatively weak compared to the strong influences of physical stream conditions (size and gradient), suggesting that physical conditions may have more of an influence on density than species interactions. Collectively, our analysis, along with a review of findings from prior field and laboratory studies, suggests that the net effect of interactions between coastal cutthroat trout and coho salmon do not appear to inhibit their presence or densities in small streams along the Pacific Northwest.

Induced ovulation in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). I. Further studies on the use of salmon pituitary preparations

Aquaculture ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Hunter ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Induced Ovulation
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