Feeding Ecology of the Sauger (Stizostedion canadense) in a Large River

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Wahi ◽  
Larry A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Large River ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
Aplodinotus Grunniens ◽  
Stizostedion Canadense ◽  
Annual Period

In stomachs of 550 sauger (Stizostedion canadense) collected by gillnetting in the Ohio River during June 1980 through August 1981, Dorosoma cepedianum were the most abundant prey (42% of all identified prey), followed by Notropis atherinoides (28%), Aplodinotus grunniens (16%), and Ictalurus punctatus (12%). Annual food consumption of sauger averaged 1.1% of the body weight per day. Growth and daily ration followed similar patterns, being high from September to January (maximum in October) and low from March to August. Rapid growth and high food consumption throughout fall and early winter were related to an extended period of high temperatures and increased availability of Dorosoma cepedianum. The annual period of growth and food consumption was longer and peaked later in the year in the river than those previously observed in other types of aquatic systems.

Persistent disturbance by commercial navigation alters the relative abundance of channel-dwelling fishes in a large river

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2418-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Gutreuter ◽  
Jon M Vallazza ◽  
Brent C Knights
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Large River ◽  
Dorosoma Cepedianum ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Intensively Managed

We provide the first evidence for chronic effects of disturbance by commercial vessels on the spatial distribution and abundance of fishes in the channels of a large river. Most of the world's large rivers are intensively managed to satisfy increasing demands for commercial shipping, but little research has been conducted to identify and alleviate any adverse consequences of commercial navigation. We used a combination of a gradient sampling design incorporating quasicontrol areas with Akaike's information criterion (AIC)-weighted model averaging to estimate effects of disturbances by commercial vessels on fishes in the upper Mississippi River. Species density, which mainly measured species evenness, decreased with increasing disturbance frequency. The most abundant species — gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) — and the less abundant shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus) and flathead catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) were seemingly unaffected by traffic disturbance. In contrast, the relative abundance of the toothed herrings (Hiodon spp.), redhorses (Moxostoma spp.), buffaloes (Ictiobus spp.), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), sauger (Sander canadensis), and white bass (Morone chrysops) decreased with increasing traffic in the navigation channel. We hypothesized that the combination of alteration of hydraulic features within navigation channels and rehabilitation of secondary channels might benefit channel-dependent species.

Men’s Hunger, Food Consumption, and Preferences for Female Body Types

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slender Body ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Nelson and Morrison (2005 , study 3) reported that men who feel hungry preferred heavier women. The present study replicates these results by using real photographs of women and examines the mediation effect of hunger scores. Men were solicited while entering or leaving a restaurant and asked to report their hunger on a 10-point scale. Afterwards, they were presented with three photographs of a woman in a bikini: One with a slim body type, one with a slender body type, and one with a slightly chubby body. The participants were asked to indicate their preference. Results showed that the participants entering the restaurant preferred the chubby body type more while satiated men preferred the thinner or slender body types. It was also found that the relation between experimental conditions and the choices of the body type was mediated by men’s hunger scores.

scholarly journals Food consumption, habitus and the embodiment of social change: Making class and doing gender in urban Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-701
Author(s):  
Judith Ehlert
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Class Privilege ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
And Gender

This article draws on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus as a means to analyse social distinction and change in terms of class and gender through the lens of food consumption. By focusing on urban Vietnam, this qualitative study looks into the daily practices of food consumption, dieting and working on the body as specific means to enact ideal body types. Economically booming Vietnam has attracted growing investment capital in the fields of body and beauty industries and food retail. After decades of food insecurity, urban consumers find themselves manoeuvring in between growing food and lifestyle options, a nutrition transition, and contradicting demands on the consumer to both indulge and restrain themselves. Taking this dynamic urban context as its point of departure and adopting an intersectional perspective, this article assesses how eating, dieting and body performance are applied in terms of making class and doing gender. It shows that the growing urban landscape of food and body-centric industries facilitates new possibilities for distinction, dependent not only on economic capital but on bodily and cultural capital also, and furthermore, how social habitus regarding food–body relationships are gendered and interlaced with class privilege.

Considerations Regarding the Influence of Layering Thickness on the Esthetics of a Metal Ceramic Restoration

2016 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Radu Rîcă ◽  
Ana Maria Rîcă ◽  
Horia Octavian Manolea ◽  
Mirela Opri ◽  
Mihai Dodocioiu
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Technician ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Metal Ceramic

A fixed restoration has many important properties. Not only it has to resist in the harsh oral environment but it also has to resist bite forces and to remain intact for an extended period of time and porcelain has all these qualities and it also gives excellent esthetic results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of each layer of porcelain fused to the metal coping on the final aspect of a metal ceramic restoration using the Ivoclar dSign system. Therefore we have chosen three methods to apply the porcelain by varying the thickness of the dentin and enamel layers fused on the metal substructure. The layer thickness of the opaque porcelain, the body porcelain (dentin), and the incisal porcelain greatly influence the final aspect of the metal ceramic restoration and this variation must be taken into consideration in order for the dental technician to obtain the desired shade

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10348
Author(s):  
S. M. Omar Faruque Babu ◽  
M. Belal Hossain ◽  
M. Safiur Rahman ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
A. S. Shafiuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Green Solution

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by various sources has become a major worry all over the world. Pollutants can enter the human body through the food chain from aquatic and soil habitats. These pollutants can cause various chronic diseases in humans and mortality if they collect in the body over an extended period. Although the phytoremediation technique cannot completely remove harmful materials, it is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and natural process that has no negative effects on the environment. The main types of phytoremediation, their mechanisms, and strategies to raise the remediation rate and the use of genetically altered plants, phytoremediation plant prospects, economics, and usable plants are reviewed in this review. Several factors influence the phytoremediation process, including types of contaminants, pollutant characteristics, and plant species selection, climate considerations, flooding and aging, the effect of salt, soil parameters, and redox potential. Phytoremediation’s environmental and economic efficiency, use, and relevance are depicted in our work. Multiple recent breakthroughs in phytoremediation technologies are also mentioned in this review.

DRUG TESTING IN CHILDREN: FDA REGULATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-465
Author(s):  
Sumner J. Yaffe ◽  
Mary Ellen Avery ◽  
Arnold P. Gold ◽  
Frederick M. Kenny ◽  
Harris D. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Genital Development ◽  
Enzymatic Mechanisms ◽  
Prescribing Medication

The testillg of drugs for use ill cilildren is difficult to accomplish, and it is even difficult to write about. Anything that smacks of "experimentation" on a child or even the use of a placebo given to a sick child is an emotionally charged subject. To carry out procedures that cannot be considered as essential to therapy, especially when they are painful or tiresome, seems abhorrent. However, it is recognized that the effects of many drugs on children may vary considerably from the effects on adults even when careful calculation is made to arrive at a dosage proportional to the body weight or estimated body surface area. Pharmacologically, children cannot be regarded as little adults. Intensified, or toxic effects of drugs administered to children, especially infants, may reflect immaturity in enzymatic mechanisms for drug metabolism, as well as other detoxification and excretory functions. In view of these circumstances, there is need for special caution in prescribing medication in the treatment of childhood disorders, particularly when the medication is used for an extended period of time or when a newly marketed drug is employed. Even greater caution is needed with the use of a new drug under investigation, in advance of approval for marketing. Known serious adverse effects of drugs in children include the effects of sex hormones on growth, steroids on genital development, and antibiotics on tooth enamel. According to the regulations of the Food and Drug Administration, a drug which has not been subjected to investigation in children may not be labeled for use in pediatric therapy.

Embodied Inequality

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Food

This chapter examines the role of bodies and embodiment in domestic work. It argues that bodies matter for how domestic employees experience their work. Indeed, domestic workers' accounts emphasized physical labor and the embodied inequality between employer and employee. They described their work as exhausting, accelerating the deterioration of their bodies, and potentially dangerous. These accounts conceive of the body as a limited resource that women draw on to do their work, a resource that can be used up or damaged in the process. Bodies also matter because of the symbolic distinctions drawn between “good,” middle-class/elite bodies and “bad,” lower-class/deviant bodies—between employers' and workers' bodies. Workers face clear boundaries between themselves and employers in relation to health, food consumption, and appearance. Even employers who buck tradition by pursuing more egalitarian relations are aware of the differential values typically placed on differently classed bodies in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Fishes can use axial muscles as anchors or motors for powerful suction feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (18) ◽  
pp. jeb225649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel L. Camp ◽  
Aaron M. Olsen ◽  
L. Patricia Hernandez ◽  
Elizabeth L. Brainerd
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Axial Muscles ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Epaxial Muscles

ABSTRACTSome fishes rely on large regions of the dorsal (epaxial) and ventral (hypaxial) body muscles to power suction feeding. Epaxial and hypaxial muscles are known to act as motors, powering rapid mouth expansion by shortening to elevate the neurocranium and retract the pectoral girdle, respectively. However, some species, like catfishes, use little cranial elevation. Are these fishes instead using the epaxial muscles to forcefully anchor the head, and if so, are they limited to lower-power strikes? We used X-ray imaging to measure epaxial and hypaxial length dynamics (fluoromicrometry) and associated skeletal motions (XROMM) during 24 suction feeding strikes from three channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We also estimated the power required for suction feeding from oral pressure and dynamic endocast volume measurements. Cranial elevation relative to the body was small (<5 deg) and the epaxial muscles did not shorten during peak expansion power. In contrast, the hypaxial muscles consistently shortened by 4–8% to rotate the pectoral girdle 6–11 deg relative to the body. Despite only the hypaxial muscles generating power, catfish strikes were similar in power to those of other species, such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), that use epaxial and hypaxial muscles to power mouth expansion. These results show that the epaxial muscles are not used as motors in catfish, but suggest they position and stabilize the cranium while the hypaxial muscles power mouth expansion ventrally. Thus, axial muscles can serve fundamentally different mechanical roles in generating and controlling cranial motion during suction feeding in fishes.

Macroinvertebrate Colonization of Multiplate Samplers in the Ohio River: the Effect of Dams

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Beckett ◽  
Michael C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Large River ◽  
Invertebrate Drift ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Sudden Reduction

We investigated the importance of contrasting current velocities on macroinvertebrate colonization in a large river, manipulating multiplate samplers placed upstream (slow current) and downstream (fast current) from a surface-release dam. Some samplers were colonized in solely fast-water or slow-water conditions while other colonized samplers were "switched" (with the original communities intact) to the opposite condition and subsequently collected either 1 d or 1 wk later. Experimental results confirmed observations from an earlier length-of-the-river study and showed that widely different communities become established on the samplers in the two contrasting flow conditions. An amphipod, Gammarus sp., colonized slow-water samplers in relatively large numbers while hydropsychid caddisflies dominated fast-water samplers. Gammarus sp. was found in only very small numbers in the fast-water samplers while the hydropsychids were almost completely absent from the slow-water samplers. Similar striking differences in current velocity preferences were exhibited by the congeneric chironomid species Polypedilum convictum (fast-water) and P. illinoense (slow-water). The transfer portion of the experiment demonstrated that a sudden reduction in current will cause large increases in invertebrate drift, regardless of whether the amount of living space changes.Key words: freshwater macroinvertebrates, colonization, current, invertebrate drift, impoundment effects, Ohio River

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of the Giant Devil Catfish, Bagarius yarrelli

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2071-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wansheng Jiang ◽  
Yunyun Lv ◽  
Le Cheng ◽  
Kunfeng Yang ◽  
Chao Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture

AbstractAs one economically important fish in the southeastern Himalayas, the giant devil catfish (Bagarius yarrelli) has been known for its extraordinarily large body size. It can grow up to 2 m, whereas the non-Bagarius sisorids only reach 10–30 cm. Another outstanding characteristic of Bagarius species is the salmonids-like reddish flesh color. Both body size and flesh color are interesting questions in science and also valuable features in aquaculture that worth of deep investigations. Bagarius species therefore are ideal materials for studying body size evolution and color depositions in fish muscles, and also potential organisms for extensive utilization in Asian freshwater aquaculture. In a combination of Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies, we de novo assembled a 571-Mb genome for the giant devil catfish from a total of 153.4-Gb clean reads. The scaffold and contig N50 values are 3.1 and 1.6 Mb, respectively. This genome assembly was evaluated with 93.4% of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs completeness, 98% of transcripts coverage, and highly homologous with a chromosome-level-based genome of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). We detected that 35.26% of the genome assembly is composed of repetitive elements. Employing homology, de novo, and transcriptome-based annotations, we annotated a total of 19,027 protein-coding genes for further use. In summary, we generated the first high-quality genome assembly of the giant devil catfish, which provides an important genomic resource for its future studies such as the body size and flesh color issues, and also for facilitating the conservation and utilization of this valuable catfish.

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