Variation in Zinc Adsorption and Transport During Growth of Chlamydomonas variabilis (Chlorophyceae) in Batch Culture with Daily Addition of Zinc

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Bates ◽  
Martin Létourneau ◽  
André Tessier ◽  
Peter G. C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Batch Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Culture Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Binding Sites

Chlamydomonas variabilis Dangeard was grown in batch culture under constant irradiance in the absence (A) or presence (B) of added zinc. Growth parameters were followed for 6 d and aliquots were removed daily from both cultures A and B for the measurement of adsorption and transport of zinc in short-term (10-min) incubations with 65Zn. The concentration of EDTA-extractable zinc ([Zn]a) and the flux (F) of zinc across the cell membrane both decreased with increasing culture age. Values of [Zn]a and F varied depending on when the measurements were made during the growth cycle and on the history of the inoculum. In culture B, previous growth in the presence of 7.0 μmol Zn2+∙L−1 resulted in larger values of [Zn]a but smaller fluxes than did growth in the absence of added zinc. Regardless of culture age, the dependence of [Zn]a on the concentration of Zn2+ in solution ([Zn2+]b) could be described by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Conditional adsorption equilibrium constants, Kθ, were greater for cells previously grown in the presence of added zinc but showed no clear trend with culture age. Rate constants for zinc transport were smaller for cells grown with added zinc and decreased slightly with increasing culture age. The number of binding sites per unit cell surface, Q, decreased markedly with culture age, as did values obtained for [Zn]a. The variation in metal adsorption and transport as a function of the physiological state of the cells should be considered when trace metal uptake is modeled and when phytoplankton are used to assess metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
David M. Stevens ◽  
Rachael M. Crist ◽  
Stephan T. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience ◽  
Higher Doses

The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.

scholarly journals Predictors for clinical effectiveness of baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients in routine clinical practice: data from a Japanese multicenter registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobunori Takahashi ◽  
Shuji Asai ◽  
Tomonori Kobayakawa ◽  
Atsushi Kaneko ◽  
Tatsuo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Oral Prednisone ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Jak Inhibitors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multicenter Registry

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the short-term effectiveness and safety profiles of baricitinib and explore factors associated with improved short-term effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical settings. A total of 113 consecutive RA patients who had been treated with baricitinib were registered in a Japanese multicenter registry and followed for at least 24 weeks. Mean age was 66.1 years, mean RA disease duration was 14.0 years, 71.1% had a history of use of biologics or JAK inhibitors (targeted DMARDs), and 48.3% and 40.0% were receiving concomitant methotrexate and oral prednisone, respectively. Mean DAS28-CRP significantly decreased from 3.55 at baseline to 2.32 at 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, 68.2% and 64.1% of patients achieved low disease activity (LDA) and moderate or good response, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that no previous targeted DMARD use and lower DAS28-CRP score at baseline were independently associated with achievement of LDA at 24 weeks. While the effectiveness of baricitinib was similar regardless of whether patients had a history of only one or multiple targeted DMARDs use, patients with previous use of non-TNF inhibitors or JAK inhibitors showed lower rates of improvement in DAS28-CRP. The overall retention rate for baricitinib was 86.5% at 24 weeks, as estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The discontinuation rate due to adverse events was 6.5% at 24 weeks. Baricitinib significantly improved RA disease activity in clinical practice. Baricitinib was significantly more effective when used as a first-line targeted DMARDs.

scholarly journals Actinomyces meyeriEmpyema: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Won Jung ◽  
Chong Rae Cho ◽  
Ji Yoon Ryoo ◽  
Hyun Kyo Lee ◽  
So Young Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oral Amoxicillin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Lung Nodules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Studies

Actinomyces meyeriis an uncommon cause of human actinomycosis. Here, we report a rare case of empyema caused byA. meyeri. A 49-year-old male presented with a history of 10 days of dyspnea and chest pain. A large amount of loculated pleural effusion was present on the right side and multiple lung nodules were documented on radiological studies. A chest tube was inserted and purulent pleural fluid was drained.A. meyeriwas isolated in anaerobic cultures of the pleural fluid. The infection was alleviated in response to treatment with intravenous penicillin G (20 million IU daily) and oral amoxicillin (500 mg every 8 hours) for 4 months, demonstrating that short-term antibiotic treatment was effective.

Biology and natural history of Caladenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Dixon ◽  
Raymond L. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soil Wetting

The genus Caladenia comprises species that exhibit remarkable consistency in terms of growth form and phenological patterns. All taxa are herbaceous perennials, with the shoot arising annually from a single, usually spheroid, tuber and producing a single, hairy leaf. The tuber is annually replaced either side-by-side with the parent tuber or terminating a descending structure known as a dropper. The dropper is a depth-seeking mechanism that enables placement of the tuber at depth in the soil as a means to avoid predation by surface-foraging native mammals or away from the high temperatures and desiccating conditions during summer dormancy. The 3--5 attenuated roots produced at the junction between the tuber and shoot and produced late in the growing cycle and devoid of mycorrhiza suggest their functional significance may relate to water uptake. Mycorrhizal endophytes are confined to a hypertrophic stem region at the soil surface (collar) subtending the leaf that positions the collar directly in the organically rich zone at the soil surface. This morphology is a unique characteristic of several Australasian orchids in the tribe Diuridae. Mycorrhizal infection occurs rapidly, with maximum colonisation in concert with the onset of breaking rains. Pelotons are restricted to cortical cells, with fully developed pelotons throughout infected tissues within a week or so of soil wetting. Infection occurs as a ‘once-off’ event, with little evidence of secondary infection later in the growth cycle and no evidence of peloton digestion. Some taxa utilise vegetative propagation, often leading to localised clustering as for taxa in the ‘filamentosa’ complex or, extensive clonal mats as found in Caladenia flava and C. latifolia where daughter tubers are produced at the end of extending horizontal outgrowths. For the majority of taxa, plants remain dry-season (summer) dormant from a few months up to 7 months for arid-zone taxa, with shoot emergence from the tuber of temperate species thought to occur in response to a drop in the mean minimum temperature. Pollination biology of Caladenia is apparently through a process of deception, either as food or sexual mimics, with some taxa engaging in self-pollination. Here we review the natural history of Caladenia and acknowledge that much of our understanding is based on assumptions of the biology of terrestrial orchids in general and emphasise areas of research and biological enquiry that will be critical in the development of an effective conservation program for the genus.

Short-Term Retinal Vessel Diameter Variability in Relation to the History of Cold Extremities

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 4026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asan Kochkorov ◽  
Konstantin Gugleta ◽  
Claudia Zawinka ◽  
Robert Katamay ◽  
Josef Flammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retinal Vessel Diameter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cold Extremities

What’s Next?

2009 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

One cannot predict the future of the sciences or that of psychology. The question “What’s next?” gives reason to think about which principles to which psychology has developed. In analyzing the historical development of psychology, one should differentiate between basic psychological research, psychological technology, and the structure of institutions. Historical changes of psychology occur slowly and continuously. These continuous changes are obviously a foil for short-term changes that we can refer to as discontinuities. The complex pattern of continuities and discontinuities is based on very different conditions. External and internal causes of the changes in the history of psychology are discussed.

scholarly journals Improvement of Back and Leg Pain after Lumbar Spinal Decompression without Fusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-087
Author(s):  
Nicola Bongartz ◽  
Christian Blume ◽  
Hans Clusmann ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Matthias Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Background To evaluate whether decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis without fusion leads to sufficient improvement of back pain and leg pain and whether re-decompression alone is sufficient for recurrent lumbar spinal stenosis for patients without signs of instability. Material and Methods A successive series of 102 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (with and without previous lumbar surgery) were treated with decompression alone during a 3-year period. Data on pre- and postoperative back pain and leg pain (numerical rating scale [NRS] scale) were retrospectively collected from questionnaires with a return rate of 65% (n = 66). The complete cohort as well as patients with first-time surgery and re-decompression were analyzed separately. Patients were dichotomized to short-term follow-up (< 100 weeks) and long-term follow-up (> 100 weeks) postsurgery. Results Overall, both back pain (NRS 4.59 postoperative versus 7.89 preoperative; p < 0.0001) and leg pain (NRS 4.09 versus 6.75; p < 0.0001) improved postoperatively. The short-term follow-up subgroup (50%, n = 33) showed a significant reduction in back pain (NRS 4.0 versus 6.88; p < 0.0001) and leg pain (NRS 2.49 versus 6.91: p < 0.0001). Similar results could be observed for the long-term follow-up subgroup (50%, n = 33) with significantly less back pain (NRS 3.94 versus 7.0; p < 0.0001) and leg pain (visual analog scale 3.14 versus 5.39; p < 0.002) postoperatively. Patients with previous decompression surgery benefit significantly regarding back pain (NRS 4.82 versus 7.65; p < 0.0024), especially in the long-term follow-up subgroup (NRS 4.75 versus 7.67; p < 0.0148). There was also a clear trend in favor of leg pain in patients with previous surgery; however, it was not significant. Conclusions Decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis without fusion led to a significant and similar reduction of back pain and leg pain in a short-term and a long-term follow-up group. Patients without previous surgery benefited significantly better, whereas patients with previous decompression benefited regarding back pain, especially for long-term follow-up with a clear trend in favor of leg pain.

Community Care in Camberwell

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sturt
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Services ◽  
History Of

SummaryA census was taken of all patients in psychiatric hostels and homes, psychiatric day care, and short-term in-patient care who also had at least one year's history of contact with services. During the following two years, 61% of the patients stayed continuously in day or residential care, while 17% were discharged from care within the first year and made no further use of day or residential services. Two main patterns of contact were evident–repeated short-term in-patient care or longer-term care in services outside hospital. Their most important determinant was whether a viable marriage still existed for the patient.

Chrysophycean Microfossils Provide New Insight into the Recent History of a Naturally Acidic Lake (Cone Pond, New Hampshire)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Gibson ◽  
John P. Smol ◽  
Jesse Ford
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acidic Lake ◽  
Lake Water Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Snowmelt ◽  
Insight Into

Cone Pond, New Hampshire, is an acidic (pH = 4.5) clearwater lake that is currently fishless. Historical records indicate declining fish populations between 1951 and 1966, but paleolimnological work using diatoms failed to find evidence for further recent acidification of this naturally acid site. We initiated new paleolimnological studies using mallomonadacean chrysophytes to further our understanding of Cone Pond's recent past. Our stratigraphic analyses indicate recent striking changes in the chrysophyte flora of this lake, with Mallomonas hindonii, a species only common in recently acidified lakes, replacing M. crassisquama, a cosmopolitan species that dominated the flora over the preceding 8000 yr; this recent change parallels the declines in fish populations. Because chrysophytes often bloom in early spring and are known, in other lakes, to experience changes in community composition before those expressed by the diatom community, a possibility is that chrysophytes track transient excursions of lake water chemistry associated with early snowmelt conditions. In this scenario, chrysophytes would respond to a constellation of specific short-term chemical changes including, but not restricted to, pH. Such pH associated changes could include changes in concentrations, speciation, or complexation of metals mobilized from the catchment or sediments, all of which are known to affect both chrysophytes and fish.

Short Term Natural History of Pituitary Incidentalomas in Children.

2010 ◽  
pp. P1-247-P1-247
Author(s):  
SM Jackman ◽  
EV Jorgensen ◽  
DI Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Short Term ◽  
History Of
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