Methemoglobin Levels in Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Exposed to Nitrite and Tricaine Methanesulfonate

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Huey ◽  
T. L. Beitinger
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tricaine Methanesulfonate

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were exposed for 24 h to one of the following: 4.0 mg/L nitrite, 4.0 mg/L nitrite + 40 mg/L TMS-222, 40 mg/L TMS-222 and control in which neither chemical was added. Methemoglobin concentrations reported as percentage of total hemoglobin equalled mean ± SD (n) 65.9 ± 10.8 (10), 45.7 ± 9.1 (15), 13.7 ± 5.9 (26), and 2.2 ± 0.4 (10) in the four groups, respectively. Mean methemoglobin in each o f the three treatment groups was significantly greater than controls and significantly different among each other. As expected, nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia was slightly reduced in the presence of TMS-222 for this short-term exposure. The most important finding was that catfish exposed to TMS-222 had methemoglobin levels 6 times greater than those of controls.

Analysis of Short-Term Cortisol Stress Response in Channel Catfish by Anesthetization with Metomidate Hydrochloride and Tricaine Methanesulfonate

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Smith ◽  
N. J. Booth ◽  
B. C. Peterson ◽  
W. S. Stephens ◽  
C. A. Goudie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tricaine Methanesulfonate

Periods of intermittent hypoxic apnea can alter chemoreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. H2054-H2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Cutler ◽  
Nicolette Muenter Swift ◽  
David M. Keller ◽  
Wendy L. Wasmund ◽  
John R. Burk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Hypercapnic Hypoxia

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with sustained elevation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and altered chemoreflex control of MSNA, both of which likely play an important role in the development of hypertension in these patients. Additionally, short-term exposure to intermittent hypoxic apneas can produce a sustained elevation of MSNA. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 20 min of intermittent hypoxic apneas can alter chemoreflex control of MSNA. Twenty-one subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups (hypoxic apnea, hypercapnic hypoxia, and isocapnic hypoxia). Subjects were exposed to 30 s of the perturbation every minute for 20 min. Chemoreflex control of MSNA was assessed during baseline, 1 min posttreatment, and every 15 min throughout 180 min of recovery by the MSNA response to a single hypoxic apnea. Recovery hypoxic apneas were matched to a baseline hypoxic apnea with a similar nadir oxygen saturation. A significant main effect for chemoreflex control of MSNA was observed after 20 min of intermittent hypoxic apneas ( P < 0.001). The MSNA response to a single hypoxic apnea was attenuated 1 min postexposure compared with baseline ( P < 0.001), became augmented within 30 min of recovery, and remained augmented through 165 min of recovery ( P < 0.05). Comparison of treatment groups revealed no differences in the chemoreflex control of MSNA during recovery ( P = 0.69). These data support the hypothesis that 20 min of intermittent hypoxic apneas can alter chemoreflex control of MSNA. Furthermore, this response appears to be mediated by hypoxia.

Embryo losses in sheep during short-term nutritional supplementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Viñoles ◽  
K. M. M. Glover ◽  
B. L. Paganoni ◽  
J. T. B. Milton ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Embryo Mortality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Igf I ◽  
And Control

To test whether a nutritional supplement fed from 6 days before until 15 days after insemination reduces progesterone concentrations and increases embryo losses, Merino ewes were artificially inseminated (Day 0). Control ewes (n = 116) were not supplemented whereas Lupin6 ewes (n = 112) were supplemented with 500 g lupin grain daily for 6 days before insemination, and Lupin6+15 ewes (n = 122) from 6 days before until 15 days after insemination. There were no major differences between treatment groups in progesterone concentrations over the first 17 days of pregnancy. Embryo losses over Days 10–17 were lower in the Lupin6+15 than in the Control and Lupin6 groups, but the opposite occurred from Day 17–30. The concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were higher in Lupin6+15 ewes on Days 5, 12 and 17, compared with Lupin6 and Control ewes, while leptin concentrations decreased by Day 17 in the Lupin6+15 group. We conclude that feeding ewes for 15 days after mating improved embryo survival, which was associated with an increase in the concentrations of metabolic hormones and lower progesterone concentrations. However, the decrease in leptin concentrations promoted by the interruption of supplementation seems be linked to increased embryo mortality up to Day 30.

scholarly journals Short-Term Feed Deprivation Alters Immune Status of Surface Mucosa in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e74581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Liu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Baofeng Su ◽  
Benjamin H. Beck ◽  
Eric Peatman
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feed Deprivation

scholarly journals Short-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Hepatic Encephalopathy Risk in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Kuan ◽  
Kuang-Wei Huang ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Jiing-Chyuan Luo ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
And Control

Objective: A window period of approximately 3–6 months is usually adopted in studies that evaluate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) risk in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) users. However, HE risk after short-term PPI exposure remains unclear. We explored the effect of short-term PPI exposure using a case-crossover study design. Design: Records of patients with decompensated cirrhosis who had received an HE diagnosis were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database. PPI use rates were compared for case and control with window periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The adjusted self-matched odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from a conditional logistic regression model were used to determine the association between PPI use and HE risk. Results: Overall, 13 195 patients were analyzed. The adjusted OR for HE risk after PPI exposure was 3.13 (95% CI = 2.33–4.20) for the 7-day window, 4.77 (95% CI = 3.81–5.98) for the 14-day window, and 5.60 (95% CI = 4.63–6.78) for the 28-day window. All PPI categories, except omeprazole and pantoprazole, were associated with an increased HE risk. Irrespective of other precipitating factors, such as recent gastrointestinal bleeding or infection, PPI significantly increased HE risk. Conclusion: Short-term PPI use is significantly associated with HE in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Physicians should use PPI in these patients for appropriate indications, and carefully monitor signs of HE even after short-term exposure. Owing to the limitations of retrospective design in the current study, further study is warranted to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Tacrolimus Exposure on Rat Liver: An Insight into Serum Antioxidant Status, Liver Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N. Fatima ◽  
N. Sheikh ◽  
A. R. Satoskar ◽  
T. Akhtar ◽  
A. Tayyeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressive drug, optimally used for liver, kidney, and heart transplant to avoid immune rejection. In retrospect, a multitude of studies have reported effects of TAC, such as nephrotoxicity, diabetes, and other complications. However, limited information is available regarding short-term exposure of TAC on the liver. Therefore, the present study was designed to unravel the effects of short-term exposure of TAC on a rat model. The animal model was established by TAC administration for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h time points. Liver histopathological changes were observed with PAS-D, reticulin stain, and immunostaining of PCNA and CK-7 coupled with glycogen quantification in a liver homogenate. TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate the DNA damage in the liver. Concentration of GSH and activities of SOD and CAT in the serum were measured to assess the antioxidant status, whereas liver tissue MDA level was measured as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Hepatic gene expression analysis of IL-10, IL-13, SOCS-2, and SOCS-3 was performed by RT-PCR. Results revealed marked changes in liver architecture of all TAC-treated groups, as evidenced by sinusoid dilation, hepatocyte derangement, glycogen deposition, and collapsed reticulin fibers. Significant increase in PCNA and CK-7 immunostaining along with the presence of TUNEL-positive cells was revealed in treatment groups as compared to the control group. Serum antioxidant enzyme status was markedly decreased, whereas the liver MDA level was increased in TAC treatment groups indicating oxidative stress induction. The gene expression profile of cytokines was significantly upregulated in treatment groups highlighting an inflammatory response. In conclusion, results of the current study propose that even a short-term TAC exposure can induce change in antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, these factors should be considered to avoid and minimize immunosuppression-related issues in a prolonged course of treatment.

The effects of nitrite on the short-term growth and survival of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Aquaculture ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Colt ◽  
Robert Ludwig ◽  
George Tchobanoglous ◽  
Joseph J. Cech
Keyword(s):  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growth And Survival
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