Larval and Juvenile Stages of the Isopod Holophryxus alaskensis (Epicarida, Dajidae) Parasitic on Decapods

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1438-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth O. Coyle ◽  
George J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Complete descriptions of the epicarid, microniscid, cryptoniscid, and juvenile stages of Holophryxus alaskensis are given. The epicarid differs from other epicarids by its chelate pereopods. The intermediate host is Euchaeta elongate (Copepoda). The cryptoniscid stage differs from others of the Dajidae in lacking a buccal sucker and posterior projection on article 1 of antenna 1. The cryptoniscid attaches to the body wall beneath the carapace of Pasiphaea pacifica (Decapoda), where it metamorphoses to the juvenile stage before migrating to the dorsal side of the carapace.Key words: Isopoda, Epicarida, Dajidae, cryptoniscid, epicarid, microniscid, parasite, Decapoda

The locomotion of the acanthor of Moniliformis dubius (Archiacanthocephala)

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Fellowship ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Hydrostatic Skeleton ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Shape Changes

The mature egg and the acanthor of Moniliformis dubius have been redescribed with special emphasis on the features relevant to the locomotion of this larval acanthocephalan. The movements of acanthors have been analysed by the use of frame by frame study of filmed records of motile acanthors. Acanthors appear to use the same mode of locomotion for hatching, locomotion within the gut of the intermediate host and penetration of the host's gut wall. Movement is produced by a set of spiralled, longitudinal muscles in the body wall of the hind body and two rostellar retractor muscles. This musculature acts both directly on the body wall and indirectly by hydraulic effects via the hydrostatic skeleton of pseudocoelomic fluid. The spiny evertable rostellum and the backward facing spines of the hind body are the means whereby shape changes of the acanthor interact with the immediate environment to produce effective progression.I should like to thank Professor D. Arthur for the provision of laboratory facilities, Dr D. W. T. Crompton for the initial gift of eggs of M. dubius and Mr R. D. Reed for invaluable assistance with microcinematographic technique. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Nuffield Foundation Research Fellowship.

The absorptive surfaces of Nectonema sp. (Nematomorpha: Nectonematoidea) from Pandalus montagui: histology, ultrastructure, and absorptive capabilities of the body wall and intestine

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Skaling ◽  
B. M. MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Blind Ending ◽  
Carrier Mediated Transport ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Juvenile Stages

The histology, ultrastructure, and absorptive capabilities of the body wall and intestine of the juvenile stages of Nectonema sp. (Nematomorpha: Nectonematoidea) that parasitize the shrimp Pandalus montagui in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, were examined using histological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and in vitro labeling techniques. The body wall consists of a multilayered cuticle that rests on, and is produced by, a thin cellular hypodermis. The intestinal tract consists of a minute mouth, a cuticularized oesophagus, and a blind-ending intestine consisting of a lumen surrounded at different places by two, three, or four elongated cells. These cells consists of a maximum of two "absorptive" cells with microvillar luminal surfaces, and a maximum of two "secretory" cells, which contain numerous electron-dense granules. Acid and alkaline phosphatases and nonspecific esterases were detected in the outer layers of the body wall (cuticle and hypodermis) and in the intestinal cells. Such enzymes appear to be related to absorption of nutrient substances. Autoradiography experiments using [3H]leucine showed that following incubation in [3H]leucine-labeled seawater, leucine was concentrated in the hypodermis and the intestinal cells. Similar results were obtained when worms were incubated first in [3H]leucine-labeled seawater and then chased in nonlabeled L-leucine. Uptake of [3H]leucine was inhibited by L-leucine when worms were incubated in a seawater solution of [3H]leucine and excess L-leucine. In vitro absorption of [3H]leucine provides evidence that a carrier-mediated transport system operates across both the cuticle and the intestine of Nectonema sp.

On the diverse colours of Nereis diversicolor

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Phillips Dales ◽  
G. Y. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Coelomic Cells ◽  
Complete Extraction

SummaryThe variable colour of Nereis diversicolor is due to variations in the proportion of green, orange and brown pigments. The orange and brown pigments are mainly carotenoids; the green colour is due to biliverdin.Phaeophorbide-a and coproporphyrin III also occur, but both these pigments may be restricted to the gut wall; biliverdin occurs both in the wall of the gut, and in the epidermis and coelomic cells.The biliverdin is formed by the breakdown of the haemoglobin of the blood.Haemoglobin-breakdown takes place in the epidermis on the dorsal side of the body, in the epithelial tissue surrounding the proboscis and in the pygidium. Granules of biliverdin are probably removed by the coelomic cells and conveyed to the gut into which they are excreted.In ripe males, and in females during and after spawning, phagocytosis of the tissues is accompanied by an increased haemoglobin-breakdown with a corresponding accumulation of biliverdin in the body. The green appearance is due not only to an increased amount of biliverdin, but also to a complete extraction of carotenoids from the body-wall.

Positional Discrimination and re-development of Synapses in the Leech Whitmania Pigra

1990 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
REN-JI ZHANG ◽  
LIXIA ZHU ◽  
DAN-BING WANG ◽  
FAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coupling Ratio ◽  
Retzius Cell ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Normal Coupling ◽  
Whitmania Pigra

Identified neurones in the leech Whitmania pigra have a stable morphology with bilaterally symmetrical branching arborizations, and with axons on both sides arranged symmetrically in the connectives. Each anterior pagoda cell (AP) receives electrical and/or chemical synaptic input from mechanoreceptive cells on both sides of the body. The position in the body can be discriminated by the postsynaptic responses of the APs: as a rule, the responses to input from contralateral receptive neurones are stronger than those to input from ipsilateral ones, and the neurone with its receptive field on the dorsal side produces a stronger response than the neurone with a ventrally sited receptive field. APs integrate postsynaptic potentials and spikes. There are no connections between the two AP cells and so it is possible that positional discrimination depends upon a circuit comparing the inputs. After the body wall has been cut round and rotated by 180°, the mechanoreceptive cells and annular erector motoneurones reinnervate the body wall strictly according to their original orientation, and repair is bilaterally synchronous. This eliminates a role for target cell guidance, particularly in the adult leech. When an extra Retzius cell is implanted into cultured ganglia, synapses develop between the host and the implanted neurone. Such synapses generally show lower coupling ratios or PSP fluctuations. However, the specific electrical connection between the Retzius cells shows a normal coupling ratio.

Larval development of Symphurus atramentatus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the Gulf of California

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1016 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO J. SALDIERNA-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
ENRIQUE A. GONZÁLEZ-NAVARRO ◽  
GERARDO ACEVES-MEDINA
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Ventral Margin ◽  
Pigmentation Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Symphurus atramentatus is described from larval to juvenile stages based on 30 specimens from the Gulf of California. Eleven larvae (preflexion, flexion, and postflexion) and three juveniles were cleared and stained to obtain the number of proximal dorsal-fin pterygiophores in each of the anterior first five interneural spaces and the number of hypural elements. Meristic features were nine precaudal vertebrae, 49–51 total vertebrae, 91–97 dorsal rays, 75–79 anal rays, 12 caudal rays, and four hypural elements. All specimens had a 1-3-3-2-2 ID pattern. The combination of these characterstics confirm that the specimens belong to Symphurus atramentatus. Pigmentation pattern of S. atramentatus from preflexion to postflexion stage consists of one dashed line of pigments on the base of the anal fin pterigiophores. In posflexion larvae, a dashed line of pigments appears on the base of the anal rays, on the dorsal margin of the body, on the lateral midline of the body, in the base of the first 15 dorsal rays, and on the base of the last 25 dorsal rays. In preflexion larvae, the ventral margin of the intestine had three or four blotches, which coalesce to form a continuous dotted line in postflexion larvae. Five elongated dorsal fin rays are present from preflexion to postflexion stages, which in the juvenile stage had a similar size with the rest of the adjacent rays.

Paratylenchinae: postembryonic developmental stages of Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) and P. steineri Golden, 1961 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Brzeski ◽  
Ladislav Hanel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Species Descriptions

AbstractPostembryonic developmental stages of naturally occurring populations of Paratylenchus straeleni and P. steineri were studied. In the former species all juveniles had a well developed stylet and pharynx, while the body of the 4th stage juveniles contained numerous dark granules and this is considered the resting stage. In P. steineri the stylet and pharynx were well developed in the 2nd and 3rd stage juvenile, but the 3rd stage juvenile had numerous granules in the body suggesting it is the resting stage. Fourth stage juveniles had no stylets and the pharynx is much reduced. Because some moulting females have the stylet cone of the juveniles being shed together with the juvenile cuticle, it is concluded that the 4th stage is short-lasting. The length of the body, pharynx, tail and genital primordium as well as the index b increases in successive developmental stages. Indices a, c, c' were almost constant in all juvenile stages. The resting juvenile stage characterises species and it should be included in species descriptions for better characterisation of Paratylenchus species. Paratylenchinae: stades de developpement de Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) et P. steineri Golden, 1961 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) - Ont ete etudies les stades de developpement post-embryonnaire de populations sauvages de Paratylenchus straeleni et de P. steineri. Chez la premiere espece tous les juveniles ont un stylet et un pharynx bien developpes alors que le corps des juveniles de 4eme stade contient de nombreux granules fonces; ce stade a donc ete considere comme le stade de quiescence. Chez P. steineri, le stylet et le pharynx sont bien developpes chez le second et troisieme stades juveniles, mais ce dernier montre de nombreux granules a l'interieur du corps, suggerant qu'il constitue le stade de quiescence. Les juveniles de 4eme stade sont depourvus de stylet et le pharynx est tres reduit. Du fait que chez les femelles en train de muer le cone du stylet des juveniles est rejete avec la cuticule des juveniles, il a ete conclu que le 4eme stade n'a qu'une courte duree de vie. Les longueurs du corps, du pharynx, de la queue et du primordium genital de meme que l'index b augmentent en passant d'un stade a l'autre. Les indices a, c et c' sont generalement constants chez tous les stades juveniles. Le stade quiescent des juveniles est caracteristique de l'espece et devrait etre inclus dans les descriptions d'especes pour une meilleure caracterisation specifique des Paratylenchus.

The development of the body wall of Polymorphus minutus (Acanthocephala) in its intermediate host Gammarus pulex

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope E. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Dendritic Process ◽  
Giant Nuclei

The ultrastructure and development of the body wall of Polymorphus minutus is described during the acanthella stages in the intermediate host Gammarus pulex.The cortex of the early acanthella is simple in structure, consisting of a syncytium containing giant nuclei, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and a few lipid bodies. The cuticle is penetrated by pores which open into vesicles in a vesicular region.The cortex gives rise to the body wall, neck and lemnisci of the adult, and may be considered as divided initially into two and later three functionally different regions: an outer absorptive region, an inner storage region and a layer between which develops to provide firm, resistant skeletal protection.Absorption is facilitated by the increase in surface area due to the pores which penetrate the surface. This region is functional throughout development and the pores increase in number, possibly by division, as the animal grows. Beneath the pores a pore canal layer develops towards the end of the late acanthella stage.During development supporting fibres are deposited throughout the cortex. Beneath the vesicular layer a concentration of mitochondria, Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum deposit the fibres of the felt layer. In the anterior meta-soma no felt layer is found, but the body spines originate from this region.The inner region of the cortex, or radial layer, contains the giant nuclei, which are arranged in the early acanthella in 5 rings of 4, 6, 5 or 6, 6 and 5 nuclei respectively. During development they produce dendritic process and finally fragment. They are considered here to be concerned with the formation of the felt layer and lemnisci rather than the ‘lacunar channels’. The inner cortical region becomes ensely packed with lipid bodies, and it is suggested that these may be responsible, owing to fixation artifact, for the so-called ‘lacunar channels’ previously described in these regions, the extensive cavities seen in some light microscope preparations being filled with a fluid lipid rather than an aqueous solution.The lemnisci are similar in appearance to the cortex except for regions of concentrated endoplasmic reticulum.The mitochondria in the cortex of the acanthella appear to be aerobic rather than anaerobic, as they possess many cristae and are larger than the mitochondria of the adults.My thanks are due to Dr D. W. T. Crompton for advice and encouragement, and to Dr D. H. Northcote and Dr F. B. P. Wooding for time on the Phillips Electron Microscope 100. This work was carried out during the tenure of an S.R.C. studentship.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals A screen for genetic loci required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
J Ahnn ◽  
A Fire
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Genetic Loci

Abstract We have used available chromosomal deficiencies to screen for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for formation of body-wall muscle cells during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. To test for muscle cell differentiation we have assayed for both contractile function and the expression of muscle-specific structural proteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two myosin heavy chain isoforms, the products of the unc-54 and myo-3 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. We have screened 77 deficiencies, covering approximately 72% of the genome. Deficiency homozygotes in most cases stain with antibodies to the body-wall muscle myosins and in many cases muscle contractile function is observed. We have identified two regions showing distinct defects in myosin heavy chain gene expression. Embryos homozygous for deficiencies removing the left tip of chromosome V fail to accumulate the myo-3 and unc-54 products, but express antigens characteristic of hypodermal, pharyngeal and neural development. Embryos lacking a large region on chromosome III accumulate the unc-54 product but not the myo-3 product. We conclude that there exist only a small number of loci whose zygotic expression is uniquely required for adoption of a muscle cell fate.

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin induced on injury of the body wall.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (22) ◽  
pp. 12228-12233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Takahashi ◽  
H Komano ◽  
N Kawaguchi ◽  
N Kitamura ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing
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