Necessary Components of Economic Surplus in Fisheries Economics

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee G. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fisheries Economics ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
Worker Satisfaction ◽  
Different Levels

There are four main types of economic surpluses that can be achieved when exploiting a fishery. They are rent to the productive nature of the fish stock, normal factor rents to inputs, consumer surplus, and what is called here, worker satisfaction bonus, WSB. The latter refers to nonmonetary benefits individuals can obtain from participating in commercial fishing and, to be complete, in other occupations as well. It is discussed frequently, but has never received any formal treatment in the literature. In this paper the logic behind WSB in the fishing industry is discussed and its implications on policy is shown. A detailed model is developed which can show how all of the components of economic surplus relate to one another and how they will vary at different levels of output.Key words: fisheries economics, economic surplus, worker satisfaction bonus, maximum economic yield

scholarly journals Eco-legal and economic aspects of developing Malomorsky fishing area of Lake Baikal

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Andrei Fedotov ◽  
Mikhail Makarov ◽  
Pavel Anoshko ◽  
Alina Kolesnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fishing Area

Lake Baikal is the largest fresh water reservoir of our planet and a unique natural site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Meanwhile, Baikal is not only Russia’s largest freshwater fishing reservoir. Large-scale commercial fishing started here at the beginning of the 19th century and, with small breaks caused by bans imposed on industrial fishing due to depletion of valuable commercial fishery species stock, continued until October 2017, when once again restrictions in the fishing industry were imposed. One of the reasons for this was the increasing of the illegal unreported and unregulated fishing which led to depletion of harvestable stock of omul. However, these restrictions neither eliminated extensive unreported fishing, nor solved the problem of rapid fish stock rebuilding in the unique lake. Using methods of mathematical analysis and modeling this article examines factors facilitating breach of law in the fishing industry and unreported fishing for Baikal omul. The article provides a brief characteristic of the Baikal oldest Malomorsky fishing area as well as an eco-economic assessment of the possibility to rebuild the fishing stock within this water zone taking into account the increasing tourist flow in the Baikal region.

scholarly journals Climate and fishing steer ecosystem regeneration to uncertain economic futures

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1803) ◽  
pp. 20142809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Blenckner ◽  
Marcos Llope ◽  
Christian Möllmann ◽  
Rudi Voss ◽  
Martin F. Quaas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
The Baltic

Overfishing of large predatory fish populations has resulted in lasting restructurings of entire marine food webs worldwide, with serious socio-economic consequences. Fortunately, some degraded ecosystems show signs of recovery. A key challenge for ecosystem management is to anticipate the degree to which recovery is possible. By applying a statistical food-web model, using the Baltic Sea as a case study, we show that under current temperature and salinity conditions, complete recovery of this heavily altered ecosystem will be impossible. Instead, the ecosystem regenerates towards a new ecological baseline. This new baseline is characterized by lower and more variable biomass of cod, the commercially most important fish stock in the Baltic Sea, even under very low exploitation pressure. Furthermore, a socio-economic assessment shows that this signal is amplified at the level of societal costs, owing to increased uncertainty in biomass and reduced consumer surplus. Specifically, the combined economic losses amount to approximately 120 million € per year, which equals half of today's maximum economic yield for the Baltic cod fishery. Our analyses suggest that shifts in ecological and economic baselines can lead to higher economic uncertainty and costs for exploited ecosystems, in particular, under climate change.

scholarly journals From Line to Loop, A Circular 3D Printing Initiative for Upcycling Commercial Fishing Plastics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Matthew O'Hagan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Distributed Manufacturing ◽  
Research Through Design ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

<p>The current linear use of plastic products follows a take, make and waste process. Commonly used by large scale industries, including the commercial fishing industry, this process results in approximately 8 million tonnes of plastic entering the ocean every year. While the fishing industry supplies livelihoods, a valuable food source and financial capital to millions of people worldwide, it’s also a significant contributor to the ocean plastics crisis. Without effective recycling schemes, an estimated 640,000 tonnes of plastic fishing gear is abandoned, lost or discarded within the ocean every year. New Zealand is no exception to this problem, as China’s waste import ban, as well as a lack of local recycling infrastructures, has resulted in the country’s commercial fishing gear polluting local coastlines as well as islands in the pacific. With the only other option for the plastic fishing gear being landfill, there is a critical need for circular initiatives that upcycle used plastic fishing gear locally into eco-innovative designs.  This research examines the issue by investigating how used buoys, aquaculture ropes and fishing nets from New Zealand’s fishing company ‘Sanford’ may be upcycled into eco-innovative designs through distributed manufacturing technologies. It introduces the idea of the circular economy, where plastic fishing gear can be reused within a technical cycle and explores how 3D printing could be part of the solution as it provides local initiatives, low material and energy usage and customisation. Overall, the research follows the research through design based on design criteria approach. Where materials, designs and systems are created under the refined research criteria, to ensure the plastic fishing gear samples are upcycled effectively into eco-innovative designs through 3D printing.  The tangible outputs of this research demonstrate how a circular upcycling system that uses distributed manufacturing technologies can create eco-innovative designs and provide a responsible disposal scheme for plastic fishing gear. It provides a new and more sustainable waste management scheme that could be applied to a range of plastic waste streams and diverts materials from entering the environment by continuously reusing them within the economy.</p>

scholarly journals It is not the parts, but how they interact that determines the behaviour of circadian rhythms across scales and organisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 20130076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel DeWoskin ◽  
Weihua Geng ◽  
Adam R. Stinchcombe ◽  
Daniel B. Forger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Different Levels

Biological rhythms, generated by feedback loops containing interacting genes, proteins and/or cells, time physiological processes in many organisms. While many of the components of the systems that generate biological rhythms have been identified, much less is known about the details of their interactions. Using examples from the circadian (daily) clock in three organisms, Neurospora , Drosophila and mouse, we show, with mathematical models of varying complexity, how interactions among (i) promoter sites, (ii) proteins forming complexes, and (iii) cells can have a drastic effect on timekeeping. Inspired by the identification of many transcription factors, for example as involved in the Neurospora circadian clock, that can both activate and repress, we show how these multiple actions can cause complex oscillatory patterns in a transcription–translation feedback loop (TTFL). Inspired by the timekeeping complex formed by the NMO–PER–TIM–SGG complex that regulates the negative TTFL in the Drosophila circadian clock, we show how the mechanism of complex formation can determine the prevalence of oscillations in a TTFL. Finally, we note that most mathematical models of intracellular clocks model a single cell, but compare with experimental data from collections of cells. We find that refitting the most detailed model of the mammalian circadian clock, so that the coupling between cells matches experimental data, yields different dynamics and makes an interesting prediction that also matches experimental data: individual cells are bistable, and network coupling removes this bistability and causes the network to be more robust to external perturbations. Taken together, we propose that the interactions between components in biological timekeeping systems are carefully tuned towards proper function. We also show how timekeeping can be controlled by novel mechanisms at different levels of organization.

No fear of bankruptcy: the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2304-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Ring Kleiven ◽  
Even Moland ◽  
U Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
Local Residents

Abstract Recreational fishing, by both local residents and tourists, is a popular activity globally. The behaviour and motivation of recreational fishers is different from those of commercial fishers. Unlike the latter, the former are not dependent on making profits to continue fishing. Rather, the value of recreational fishing to those who engage in it is a combination of catches and experience values. The latter value implies that recreational fishers might continue fishing when they should not, analogous to the effect of subsidy in the commercial fishing sector. Hence, the term “self-subsidizing”: a fishery as one in which fishers subsidize themselves through an economic investment in gear and time from their non-fishery-based earnings. The consequence of which is that recreational fishers can continue fishing long after the commercial fishing industry has stopped fishing because their operations have become economically unviable. There is reason to argue that in many areas, recreational fishing effort, due to the self-subsidizing mechanism, is sustained at a high rate while stocks decrease. In this contribution, we describe the innate self-subsidizing forces in recreational fishing and discuss their implications.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic modelling of grey seal predation impacts on the West of Scotland demersal fisheries

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Trijoulet ◽  
Helen Dobby ◽  
Steven J Holmes ◽  
Robin M Cook
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
The West ◽  
Maximum Economic Yield ◽  
Bioeconomic Modelling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract The role grey seals have played in the performance of fisheries is controversial and a cause of much debate between fishers and conservationists. Most studies focus on the effects of seal damage to gears or fish and on prey population abundance but little attention is given to the consequences of the latter for the fisheries. We develop a model that quantifies the economic impact of grey seal predation on the West of Scotland demersal fisheries that traditionally targeted cod, haddock and whiting. Three contrasting fishing strategy scenarios are examined to assess impacts on equilibrium fleet revenues under different levels of seal predation. These include status quo fishing mortality (SQF, steady state with constant fishing mortality), open access fishing (bioeconomic equilibrium, BE) and the maximum economic yield (MEY). In all scenarios, cod emerges as the key stock. Large whitefish trawlers are most sensitive to seal predation due to their higher cod revenues but seal impacts are minor at the aggregate fishery level. Scenarios that consider dynamic fleet behaviour also show the greatest effects of seal predation. Results are sensitive to the choice of seal foraging model where a type II functional response increases sensitivity to seal predation. The cost to the fishery for each seal is estimated.

Economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows in the USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C Losinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
The Usa

The goal of this study was to measure the economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) in dairy cows in the USA, and of specific risk factors for PDD, in 1996. The method applied was an economic-welfare analysis of producer and consumer surplus, with the GUM Workbench used to analyse uncertainties in the measurements. Reduced milk production associated with PDD was found to reduce consumer surplus by $750 million±$580 million, and to increase the economic surplus of producers by $560 million±$470 million, with a net economic loss of $190 million±$130 million. An examination of the economic effects of specific epidemiologic risk factors for PDD showed that having dairy cows that were not born on the operation had important economic consequences associated with the disease, as did the type of land to which dairy cows had access during the winter months and the type of flooring on which cows walked. Washing hoof-trimming equipment between cows was an important biosecurity measure that was associated with reduced PDD. The epidemiologic model used also implicated hoof trimmers who trimmed cattle hooves on other operations as having an important economic impact associated with this disease, although this finding may have been erroneous.

Gender relations in the classical Greek household: the archaeological evidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 363-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Nevett
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Classical Greece ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Shed Light

Despite the amount of textual material surviving from classical Greece, our knowledge of the household has remained limited because of the selectivity and orientation of those texts. In this paper, archaeological remains of late 5th- to late 4th-cent. houses are explored in order to shed light on aspects of domestic relations that recur most frequently in the sources: the relationship between male and female household members, and the way in which this was reinforced through the organization of the domestic environment. The traditional picture of a house divided into male and female areas is an over-simplification of a complex pattern of social relationships. A broader approach focuses on interaction between men and women, rather than on women's activity in isolation. The resultant, more detailed model for gender relations offers a glimpse of variability through space and time in how relationships were expressed spatially, and suggests the possibility of differences in the relationships themselves at different levels of the social hierarchy.

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