Relationship of Cadmium-Induced Hypocalcemia with Mortality in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the Influence of Temperature on Toxicity

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roch ◽  
E. J. Maly
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Key Words Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Poisoning ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Relationship Of

Cold-acclimated (6 °C) rainbow trout, exposed to lethal concentrations of cadmium, survived longer than warm-acclimated (12 and 18 °C) trout. Ten-day lethal thresholds indicated that cold-acclimated trout could also resist greater concentrations of cadmium. Calcium concentrations in the plasma of fish, exposed to 0.3 mg Cd/L, declined steadily during the period of exposure when subjected to five thermal regimes, different combinations of acclimation and experimental temperatures. The rate of decline in calcium concentrations was correlated with the rate of mortality. Survival times of 12°-acclimated trout subsequently exposed to cadmium at 6, 12, and 18 °C were inversely dependent on temperature, whereas survival times of trout acclimated to 6, 12, and 18 °C and subsequently exposed to cadmium at acclimation temperatures do not show the same temperature dependence. Survival times of 12 and 18°-acclimated and exposed fish were similar, indicating that temperature compensation may promote longer resistance of 18°-acclimated and exposed fish than when they are acclimated to 12 °C and abruptly transferred and exposed to cadmium at 18 °C. Symptoms of cadmium poisoning of the fish are consistent with the effects of extreme hypocalcemia and are similar to those reported in the literature for various fish. The decline of calcium concentrations in the plasma may be the direct cause of mortality. Key words: Cadmium, temperature, hypocalcemia, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, toxicity

Changes in plasma insulin and carbohydrate metabolism of zinc-stressed rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2079-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Wagner ◽  
B. A. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Radioimmunoassay

An experiment was conducted to determine if the hyperglycemia that is observed in zinc-stressed fish is also accompanied by changes in the levels of plasma insulin and liver glycogen. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to three concentrations of zinc sulphate along with a control group over 31 days. Plasma glucose levels were monitored in each group over the course of the experiment. The group demonstrating the most acute and sustained hyperglycemia (0.352 ppm zinc) was then analyzed along with the controls for changes in plasma insulin (using a teleost insulin radioimmunoassay) and liver glycogen levels. Significant depressions in plasma insulin and liver glycogen levels were observed in the zinc-exposed fish when compared with the controls. These changes are discussed with respect to possible influences of epinephrine, which is elevated in stressed fish, and (or) a direct effect of zinc metal on the pancreatic beta cells.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON THE RESPIRATORY METABOLISM OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Evans ◽  
F. C. Purdie ◽  
C. P. Hickman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Metabolic Compensation

Mid-winter spawning rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were acclimated for a minimum of 43 days to one of four temperature–photoperiod conditions: 16 °C–16L (hours daily photoperiod), 16 °C–8L, 8 °C–16L, 8 °C–8L. Oxygen consumption of the intact fish and of samples of liver, gill, and brain were measured at acclimation temperature.Brain showed complete metabolic compensation to temperature ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C) and liver showed overcompensation ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] at 16 °C). No compensation occurred in gill respiration. Total respiration showed partial temperature compensation. It is suggested that complete compensation in brain would maintain nervous co-ordination and motor conduction at optimal levels, thus permitting a large degree of temperature independence of locomotor activity.[Formula: see text] values of the tissue showed a trend for the 8L tissues to metabolize more rapidly than the 16L group, except for gill at 16 °C. Photoperiod did not significantly affect total metabolic rates, but in the larger fish (> 40 g) at 16 °C, the 8L group tended to show a higher metabolic rate than the 16L group.

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

scholarly journals The Distribution of 35S-Sulfadiazine and 14G-Trimethoprim in Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torill Bergsjø ◽  
Inger Nafstad ◽  
Kristian Ingebrigtsen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri
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