Influences of Dieldrin on the Growth and Body Composition of Fingerling Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fed Oregon Moist Pellets or Tubificid Worms (Tubifex sp.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Phillips ◽  
Donald R. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Tubificid Worms

Fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed tubificid worms (Tubifex sp.) grew faster than those fed Oregon Moist Pellets (OMP) over a similar range of rations. Faster growth resulted because trout incorporated protein and fat from tubificids more efficiently than from OMP. Exposure to a sublethal concentration of dieldrin in water (0.18 μg/L) did not affect the protein elaboration of trout fed either diet or fat metabolism in trout fed OMP. However, dieldrin reduced fat elaboration in trout fed tubificids. The dieldrin concentrations in trout exposed to dieldrin in water increased as feeding level (and therefore body fat) increased. The different responses to dieldrin by fish fed these two diets provides evidence that the diet offered to fish can significantly influence the outcome of chronic toxicity tests. Key words: Rainbow trout, tubificid worms, Oregon Moist Pellets, dieldrin, growth, fat metabolism

Effect of Sulfite Dechlorination on the Accumulation of Waterborne Lead by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Douglas J. Spry
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Laboratory Water

Chlorine can be removed from laboratory water supplies by reduction with sodium sulfite, but sulfite complexation of metals may bias aquatic toxicity tests. We tested the effect of waterborne sulfite on the accumulation of waterborne lead by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). After 96 h, the blood lead levels of trout exposed to both 100 μg lead/L and 440 μg sodium sulfite/L were lower than those exposed to lead alone. The highest level of sodium sulfite having no effect on blood lead was 20 μg/L. The addition of 200–300 μg sodium sulfite/L to our water supply after charcoal filtration removed residual chlorine levels rapidly and completely. This reaction, and other possible reactions with organic matter, always reduced measureabie sulfite levels to less than 1 μg/L (limit of detection), a level much lower than those tested. Hence, sulfite dechlorination should not interfere with metal bioassays.

Influence of pH on the Acute Lethality of Fenitrothion, 2,4-D, and Aminocarb and Some pH-Altered Sublethal Effects of Aminocarb on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Doe ◽  
W. R. Ernst ◽  
W. R. Parker ◽  
G. R. J. Julien ◽  
P. A. Hennigar
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Control Range ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Three pesticides, fenitrothion, 2,4-D, and aminocarb, were tested in static 96-h acute lethal toxicity tests using fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at pH 4.6, 5.6, 6.9, and 8.5. The toxicity of aminocarb, a base, increased significantly with increasing pH. Conversely, the toxicity of the acidic pesticide 2,4-D increased with decreasing pH. The toxicity of the neutral pesticide fenitrothion did not change significantly with changing pH. Subsequent tests were performed on trout fingerlings with aminocarb to determine the effect of two exposure pH's on brain acetylcholinesterase activity and whole-body aminocarb residue. Brain acetylcholinesterase was found to be inversely proportional to whole-body aminocarb content of fish. In fish exposed at pH 4.6, brain acetylcholinesterase was maximally depressed at 6 h, after which it recovered to within the control range. Whole-body aminocarb concentrations rose to a maximum within 6 h and subsequently declined to low levels. In fish exposed at pH 8.2, brain acetylcholinesterase dropped below the control range by 1 h and remained low until all fish died by 72 h. A maximum whole-body aminocarb concentration was reached within 1 h and remained elevated until the fish died. Several explanations for the observed results are presented.

Effect of feeding level and dietary electrolytes on the arginine requirement of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Aquaculture ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne N. Chiu ◽  
Richard E. Austic ◽  
Gary L. Rumsey
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Increased Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Resulting from Reduced Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Thurston ◽  
Glenn R. Phillips ◽  
Rosemarie C. Russo ◽  
Susan M. Hinkins
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Flow Through

The median lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous ammonia at reduced dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations was tested in acute toxicity tests with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings. Fifteen 96-h flow-through tests were conducted over the D.O. range 2.6–8.6 mg/L, the former concentration being the lowest at which control fish survived. There was a positive linear correlation between LC50 (milligrams per litre un-ionized ammonia) and D.O. over the entire D.O. range tested; ammonia toxicity increased as D.O. decreased. Ammonia LC50 values were also computed for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h; the correlation with D.O. was greater the shorter the time period.Key words: ammonia toxicity, dissolved oxygen, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Chronic toxicity of water-borne and dietary lead to rainbow trout (Salmo Gairdneri) in lake Ontario water

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Beverley R. Blunt ◽  
Douglas J. Spry
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Water Borne

Acute and chronic toxicity of lead to rainbow trout salmo gairdneri, in hard and soft water

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Davies ◽  
J.P. Goettl ◽  
J.R. Sinley ◽  
N.F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Effect of Seasonal Photoperiod on Acute Toxic Responses of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) to Pulpmill Effluent

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1388-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. McLeay ◽  
Michael R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Acute Toxic

Acute toxic responses to bleached kraft pulpmill effluent were compared for groups of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared under constant temperature and either a summer (16L:8D) or winter (8L:16D) photoperiod. Toxicity tests included a 96-h LC50 bioassay, a 4.5-h sealed-jar test, an 18-h temperature tolerance test, and a 4-h blood-sugar stress bioassay. For all tests the threshold-effect concentration of effluent was not affected by photoperiod. Median effective concentrations for the blood-sugar, temperature tolerance, and sealed-jar tests were, respectively, < 0.2, 0.4, and ~1.4 times the 96-h LC50 value for each fish group. Key words: Salmo gairdneri, photoperiod, BKME, acute toxicity tests, LC50, blood sugar, temperature tolerance, residual oxygen

Effects of Available Dietary Carbohydrate and Water Temperature on the Chronic Toxicity of Waterborne Copper to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Dixon ◽  
J. W. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
The Impact

We used a factorial design to determine the effects of dietary carbohydrate content (0.1 or 25.6%) and temperature (10 or 15 °C) on the chronic toxicity of waterborne copper (0 or 144 μg Cu∙L−1) to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) over a 12-wk period. Relative to those on the low-carbohydrate (LC) diet, trout reared on the high-carbohydrate (HC) diet developed enlarged, glycogen-filled livers and attained reduced final mean wet body weights. This response was more pronounced at 10 than at 15 °C. Whereas Cu exposure had no significant effect on the growth or mortality of either LC or HC fish at 15 °C, or LC fish at 10 °C, HC fish at 10 °C showed significantly reduced final weight and increased mortality. Trends toward reduced liver glycogen and increased serum glucose, characteristic of chronic stress, were apparent in all Cu-exposed fish. In Cu-free water, mean Cu concentrations in liver tissue of HC fish were significantly lower than those in LC fish at both temperatures. Copper exposure resulted in significant increases in liver Cu concentration for all diet treatments except HC at 10 °C. Elevated serum sorbitol dehydrogenase levels, indicative of hepatic damage, were apparent in Cu-HC fish at 15 °C and in HC, Cu-HC, and Cu-LC fish at 10 °C. No treatment effects on either serum protein or hematocrit were evident. The treatments during the growth period affected subsequent lethal tolerance of Cu. While the 96-h Cu LC50 was not significantly altered by diet alone at 15 °C, it was elevated in HC fish, relative to LC fish at 10 °C. The Cu LC50 of Cu preexposed fish was significantly elevated, relative to parallel groups held in Cu-free water, for LC fish at both 10 and 15 °C. This acclimation to Cu was not apparent in HC fish at either temperature: no significant elevation in LC50 occurred as a result of preexposure. We conclude that increased dietary carbohydrate can significantly increase the chronic toxicity of Cu to trout, and that the impact is enhanced by reduced water temperature.

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