Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences in Canada: An Overview

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-727 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
Aquatic Sciences ◽  
National Information

Scientific requirements and priorities are identified for the management of the fisheries and aquatic resources of Canada based on a series of background studies on scientific resources, scientific and technical information, renewable resource management (shelf seas, inshore seas, fresh water, fisheries rehabilitation, aquaculture), oceanography (physical, chemical, biological), aquatic environmental quality, and renewable resource utilization. Major priorities identified were: expanded fisheries rehabilitation programs on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts; oceanography of shelf seas, including the arctic; development of a national strategy for environmental monitoring; improved coordination of work on diseases, nutrition, and genetics related to fisheries rehabilitation and aquaculture; improved coordination and apportioning of federal and industrial research and development on the utilization of fisheries resources. The following aspects of fisheries and aquatic sciences need greater accent: development of national policy on fisheries and aquatic sciences; the provision of continuity for long-term research in federal laboratories; evaluation of federally supported research programs; collaborative arrangements for ecosystem and interdisciplinary research, including the social sciences; improved federal support for research conducted in universities; development of criteria for Canadian involvement in international activities; and a national information system related to diverse user needs. The national effort on fisheries and aquatic sciences was examined in terms of functional categories (mapping, monitoring, research, experimental management, application, communication) and institutional categories (international, federal, provincial, universities, industry). The overview contains recommendations to improve the national capability in fisheries and aquatic sciences.

scholarly journals Remembering “Andy” Aines: A look back at his call for a national STI policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
W. David Penniman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information ◽  
Look Back ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Information

A commemoration is presented of the passing 25 years ago of Andrew A. Aines, a pioneer and staunch advocate for a rational national information policy and approach to the dissemination of scientific and technical information. Included in this recognition of his efforts is information on an unfinished manuscript of major proportions covering the post-World War II efforts to create such a national policy. This manuscript includes a detailed history of the establishment and evolution of the Committee on Scientific and Technical Information (COSATI) and is available on the Internet Archive.

Science for Canada’s Shelf-Seas Fisheries

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Regier ◽  
F. D. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Experimental Management

From an analysis of major national and international policy issues we judge that a vast cultural and political transformation is now underway. In particular, the common property–open access–willing consent regime towards fisheries development and management will be replaced by some workable alternative. For example, a system of national quotas based on stock by stock total allowable catches, subject to an overall constraint of "full utilization," will likely be found to be impractical. These and related aspects are elaborated for fisheries, and apply also to other resource and environmental issues. Scientific information and research programs must obviously relate to such developments.Canada is reasonably well endowed with conventional scientific and technical competence on fisheries matters. Important and potentially useful innovative science has languished recently; appropriate institutional infrastructures and planning processes to stimulate and direct fisheries science within the country have been absent for several years. Scientific services on the whole remain unorganized. Given these circumstances our recommendations are aimed toward development of perspectives and mechanisms that will help set the scientific process in motion into new directions where necessary. The major "gap in knowledge" relates to the inability of so many conventional disciplined scientists to understand other disciplines’ approaches and we propose a variety of means by which such constraints may be relaxed.A Canadian perspective for tomorrow’s science, related particularly to shelf-seas fisheries resources, should include the following. The client institutions that will use scientific information and insight will likely be organized in three geographic areas: inshore national waters, shelf and nearshore seas, and the distant deep ocean. The three basic components of a balanced scientific information system are: area maps, temporal series of monitored data, and models of causal mechanisms derived from experimentation and simulation. Decision-making is a transdisciplinary activity and appropriate frameworks are needed for identifying relevant research. A policy that users and abusers of resources and the environment should pay for their respective benefits achieved and disbenefits externalized implies that the separate and joint effects of the various uses and abuses be measured. Technical services and scientific research must be made more effective, efficient, and accountable, but must be flexible to accommodate both individual creativity and further political changes.We recommend that 1) separate foci be identified and appropriate infrastructures be developed for carefully planned transdisciplinary programs in: mapping; monitoring; management–harvest protocols; and modeling research involving synthesis, experimentation, and simulation. 2) New fisheries policies and agency infrastructures now developing should include the capability to undertake sophisticated experimental management on an ongoing basis. 3) Some further explicit division of labor is advisable, within the group of scientific and technical personnel, to produce three sets: technical experts whose work is dictated by programs; mission-oriented generalists to take the lead in planning and directing scientific information services and research activities with special accountability responsibilities; and self-directed creative scientists to innovate and ruminate. 4) Scientific credibility, now slumping, must be recaptured — in part by insulating key scientists from direct political involvement within national and international decision-making. 5) Canada’s sea-going research capability is lagging behind that of some other nations and must be enhanced accordingly. These practical recommendations all relate to the five aspects of the broad perspective sketched earlier. The recommendations are not listed in priority sequence and we advise that action should now proceed on all of them.

THE PRINCIPLES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Bubynin ◽  
Mikhail Bubynin ◽  
Valery Abramov ◽  
Valery Abramov ◽  
Gennady Zabolotnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper considers the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, from the point of view of the development of scientific research, identified by the main strategic documents of national policy and security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Measures for implementation of priorities in the development of scientific research in the Arctic can be divided into three main sections: 1. Scientific projects and expeditions in the Arctic; 2. International activities; 3. Coordination and implementation of integrated research in the Arctic. Note that currently the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation develops the Analytical Coordination Program “Comprehensive research of the Arctic and Antarctic”, in cooperation with the federal state bodies and Governance of the Subjects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The mechanism of the Program will ensure coordination between state bodies for integrated scientific researches in the Arctic in the interests of economic and scientific development of the region, and the creation of the scientific, technical and technological reserve in order to ensure of national security in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMIC SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
E. A. KORCHAK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Dominant Direction ◽  
Integrated Structures

The purpose of the study was to analyze the structure of the economic space of the Russian Arctic within the framework of determining the prospects for the economic development of the Arctic regions. The unevenness of the economic space of the Russian Arctic and the focus on the extraction and export of natural resources are determined. It is revealed that vertically integrated structures play a key role in the Russian Arctic. It is determined that the specific feature of this region is the ethnoeconomics, the long-term development of which is the dominant direction of the national policy in the field of agriculture of the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals The Rossby radius in the Arctic Ocean

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. G. Nurser ◽  
S. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ocean General Circulation Model ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Ocean Eddies ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The first (and second) baroclinic deformation (or Rossby) radii are presented north of ~60° N, focusing on deep basins and shelf seas in the high Arctic Ocean, the Nordic seas, Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, derived from climatological ocean data. In the high Arctic Ocean, the first Rossby radius increases from ~5 km in the Nansen Basin to ~15 km in the central Canadian Basin. In the shelf seas and elsewhere, values are low (1–7 km), reflecting weak density stratification, shallow water, or both. Seasonality strongly impacts the Rossby radius only in shallow seas, where winter homogenization of the water column can reduce it to below 1 km. Greater detail is seen in the output from an ice–ocean general circulation model, of higher resolution than the climatology. To assess the impact of secular variability, 10 years (2003–2012) of hydrographic stations along 150° W in the Beaufort Gyre are also analysed. The first-mode Rossby radius increases over this period by ~20%. Finally, we review the observed scales of Arctic Ocean eddies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 opens a window of reflection for comparative health systems and global health research

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
Tuba İ. Ağartan
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Opportunities For Learning ◽  
National Information ◽  
The Voice ◽  
North And South ◽  
Health Field

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis that led to the loss of thousands of lives and initiated one of the most complex social and economic upheavals has also a created a window of reflection for health systems researchers to revisit our major concepts, frameworks, and underlying assumptions. This commentary reviews two literatures that remain rather separate: comparative health policy and global health. First, I examine whether convergence in circumstances brought about by the spread of Covid-19 creates opportunities for learning “about” as well as unpacking the motivations of policy actors and how they use the cross-national information. However, given the emphasis on national policy actors and processes, this literature may overlook the importance of global actors, institutions and ideas. Second, global health differentiates itself with an emphasis on multilateralism as a political positioning and its multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. However, the global health field is also challenged to consider its mission, political standing on multilateralism, changing relationships between North and South and its commitment to multidisciplinary approach. I argue that health systems scholars should use the window of opportunity created by Covid-19 pandemic to reexamine their methodologies and rearticulate their positioning by acknowledging the voice and agency of the Global South.

Characteristics of the Russian shelf seas in the Arctic Ocean regarding the content of heavy minerals in surface sediments: new data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Popova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Riverine Input ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Shelf Seas

<p>Such factors as climate, currents, morphology, riverine input, and the source rocks influence the composition of the sediments in the Arctic Ocean. Heavy minerals being quite inert in terms of transport can reflect the geology of the source rock clearly and indicate the riverine input. There is a long history of studying the heavy mineral composition of the sediments in the Arctic Ocean. The works by Vogt (1997), Kosheleva (1999), Stein (2008), and others study the distribution of the minerals both on a sea scale and oceanwide. The current study covers Russian shelf seas: Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas. To collect the material several data sources were used: data collected by the institute VNIIOkeangeologia during numerous expeditions since 2000 for mapping the shelf, data from the old expedition reports (earlier than 2000) taken from the geological funds, and datasets from PANGAEA (www.pangaea.de). About 82 minerals and groups of minerals were included in the joint dataset. The density of the sample points varied significantly in all seas: 1394 data points in the Barents Sea, 713 in the Kara Sea, 487 in the Laptev Sea, 196 in the East Siberian Sea, and 245 in the Chukchi Sea. These data allowed comparing the areas in terms of major minerals and associations. Maps of prevailing and significant components were created in ODV (Schlitzer, 2020) to demonstrate the differences between the seas and indicate the sites of remarkable changes in the source rocks. Additionally, the standardized ratio was calculated to perform quantitative comparison: the sea average was divided by the weighted sea average and then the ratio of that number to the mineral average was found. Only the minerals present in at least four seas and amounting to at least 20 points per sea were considered. As a result, water areas with the highest content of particular minerals were detected. The ratio varied from 0 to 3,4. Combining the ratio data for various minerals allowed mapping specific groups or provinces for every sea and within the seas.</p><p> </p><p>Kosheleva, V.A., & Yashin, D.S. (1999). Bottom Sediments of the Arctic Seas. St. Petersburg: VNIIOkeangeologia, 286pp. (in Russian).</p><p>PANGAEA. Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science https://www.pangaea.de/</p><p>Schlitzer, R. (2020). Ocean Data View, Retrieved from https://odv.awi.de.</p><p>Stein, R. (2008). Arctic Ocean Sediments: Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment. Oxford: Elsevier, 602pp.</p><p>Vogt, C. (1997). Regional and temporal variations of mineral assemblages in Arctic Ocean sediments as a climatic indicator during glacial/interglacial changes. Berichte Zur Polarforschung, 251, 309pp.</p>

Sustainable Development of Oil Production in the Arctic Shelf and Evolution of Fish Stock

2019 ◽  
pp. 451-469
Author(s):  
Yuri Yegorov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Arctic Fish

Arctic region is an important resource for hydrocarbons (oil and gas). Their exploitation is not immediate but will develop fast as soon as oil prices approach $100 per barrel again. In the Arctic, fish stock is an important renewable resource. Contrary to hydrocarbons, it is already overexploited. Future simultaneous exploitation of both resources poses several problems, including externalities and common pool. The academic community still has some time for theoretical investigation of those future problems and working out the corresponding policy measures that are consistent with sustainable development of the region. The Barents Sea is especially important because it has a common pool both in hydrocarbons and fish.

scholarly journals A network of autonomous surface ozone monitors in Antarctica: technical description and first results

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 5795-5831
Author(s):  
S. J.-B. Bauguitte ◽  
N. Brough ◽  
M. M. Frey ◽  
A. E. Jones ◽  
D. J. Maxfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
First Results ◽  
Boundary Layer Ozone

Abstract. A suite of 10 autonomous ozone monitors, each powered using renewable energy, was developed and built to study surface ozone in Antarctica during the International Polar Year (2007–2009). The monitoring systems were deployed in a network around the Weddell Sea sector of coastal Antarctica with a transect up onto the Antarctic Plateau. The aim was to measure for a full year, thus gaining a much-improved broader view of boundary layer ozone seasonality at different locations as well as of factors affecting the budget of surface ozone in Antarctica. Ozone mixing ratios were measured based on UV photometry using a modified version of the commercial 2B Technologies Inc. Model 202 instrument. All but one of the autonomous units measured successfully within its predefined duty cycle throughout the year, with some differences in performance dependent on power availability and ambient temperature. Mean data recovery after removal of outliers was on average 70% (range 44–83%) and precision varied between 1.5 and 8 ppbv, thus was sufficiently good to resolve year-round the main ozone features of scientific interest. We conclude that, with adequate power, and noting a minor communication problem, our units would be able to operate successfully at ambient temperatures down to −60 °C. Systems such as the one described in this paper, or derivatives of it, could therefore be deployed either as local or regional networks elsewhere in the Arctic or Antarctic. Here we present technical information and first results from the experiment.

scholarly journals Coastal ocean and shelf-sea biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes: lessons learned from GEOTRACES

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2081) ◽  
pp. 20160076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Charette ◽  
Phoebe J. Lam ◽  
Maeve C. Lohan ◽  
Eun Young Kwon ◽  
Vanessa Hatje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shelf Sediment ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Shelf Seas ◽  
Coastal Margin ◽  
Shelf Sea

Continental shelves and shelf seas play a central role in the global carbon cycle. However, their importance with respect to trace element and isotope (TEI) inputs to ocean basins is less well understood. Here, we present major findings on shelf TEI biogeochemistry from the GEOTRACES programme as well as a proof of concept for a new method to estimate shelf TEI fluxes. The case studies focus on advances in our understanding of TEI cycling in the Arctic, transformations within a major river estuary (Amazon), shelf sediment micronutrient fluxes and basin-scale estimates of submarine groundwater discharge. The proposed shelf flux tracer is 228-radium ( T 1/2  = 5.75 yr), which is continuously supplied to the shelf from coastal aquifers, sediment porewater exchange and rivers. Model-derived shelf 228 Ra fluxes are combined with TEI/ 228 Ra ratios to quantify ocean TEI fluxes from the western North Atlantic margin. The results from this new approach agree well with previous estimates for shelf Co, Fe, Mn and Zn inputs and exceed published estimates of atmospheric deposition by factors of approximately 3–23. Lastly, recommendations are made for additional GEOTRACES process studies and coastal margin-focused section cruises that will help refine the model and provide better insight on the mechanisms driving shelf-derived TEI fluxes to the ocean. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry’.

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