Effects of Dry Pellet Diets on the Metabolic Rates of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2443-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Schalles ◽  
Thomas E. Wissing
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
The Mean

Experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of five dry pellet diets containing various protein levels on metabolic rates and energy cost of food utilization of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). In the 48-h period after feeding metabolic rates increased an average of 57% above base levels established prior to food presentation. The energy cost of food utilization, estimated as a percentage of ingested food energy, was [Formula: see text] (range 7.5–32.3%). Positive correlation was found between protein and caloric intakes and the increases in O2 consumption observed after feeding. Percent protein in the diet had no significant effect on mean values of O2 consumption after feeding or the estimates of the energy cost of food utilization. Probably the calorigenic effect of protein in fishes, which are principally ammonotelic, is considerably lower than that observed in ureotelic and uricotelic vertebrates. The mean estimate (14.90% of ingested energy) for the bluegill could reflect a low specific dynamic action of protein in conjunction with the calorigenic effect of the carbohydrate and lipid components of the diets.

Effect of altitude on dietary-induced thermogenesis at rest and during light exercise in man

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Stock ◽  
N. G. Norgan ◽  
A. Ferro-Luzzi ◽  
E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monte Rosa ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise ◽  
Made In

Measurements of metabolic rate and the thermic response (specific dynamic action) of a 400-kcal liquid meal were made in six subjects at rest and during light exercise. The tests were conducted before (LA1) and after (LA2) a 3-wk sojourn (HA1, HA2, HA3) at 3,650 m on the Monte Rosa. Fasting metabolic rate at rest increased inittally and then fell, as did fasting and fed exercising metabolic rates. The fall in metabolic rates, but not the initial increases, can be ascribed to the change in body weight. Resting thermic responses at altitude were only slightly lower than normal, although peak values were significantly depressed at HA2 (P less than 0.05). The mean exercising thermic response was also significantly lower at HA2 (P less than 0.05) but recovered in HA3 and LA2. In the time taken for thermic responses to decrease and recover there were interindividual differences that were best explained by the previous altitude experience of the subjects. The possibility of a cardiovascular shift during hypoxic exercise causing depression of postprandial metabolism is discussed.

THE NIACIN CONTENT OF WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OATS GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOIL ZONES IN ALBERTA

1948 ◽  
Vol 26f (4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
H. Simonson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Mean

Microbiological niacin assays were done on 34 samples of Marquis wheat, 48 of Newal barley, and 50 of Victory oats grown on gray, black, and brown soils in the years 1944 and 1945. Mean values of 53.6, 70.4, and 10.3 μgm. of niacin per gram were obtained for wheat, barley, and oats respectively. Although these results suggest that Newal barley may contain more niacin than does Marquis wheat, the results of assays conducted by a chemical method indicate that there is little difference in the mean niacin content of these two grains. Niacin levels were found to be highly variable in all three grains. Niacin and protein levels were found to be positively correlated in wheat and oats while in barley a tendency towards an inverse relation between niacin and protein was observed. No evidence was obtained to indicate that the type of soil on which grains are grown has any marked effect on the accumulation of niacin. The wheat and oat samples from the 1945 crop were richer in both niacin and protein than those from the 1944 crop, while barley samples from the 1945 crop, although richer in protein than those grown the preceding year, contained essentially the same amount of niacin.

scholarly journals Liver mitochondrial and whole-animal level metabolic compensation in a catfish during seasonal acclimatization

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulian Yan ◽  
Xiaojun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seasonal Acclimatization ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Silurus Meridionalis ◽  
Metabolic Compensation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract To examine whether metabolic compensation during seasonal acclimatization at the liver mitochondrial level is consistent with that at the whole-animal level, respiration rates of liver mitochondria and resting metabolic rates in winter- and summer-acclimatized southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) were measured. At 12.5, 17.5, 22.5, 27.5 and 32.5°C, the mean values of state 3 respiration rates were 12.21, 13.84, 18.96, 24.78 and 32.01 nmol O2 min-1 mg-1 mitochondrial protein in the winter group, and 8.56, 9.20, 17.32, 22.74 and 26.32 nmol O2 min-1 mg-1 in the summer group, respectively. At the five assay temperatures the resting metabolic rates were 24.86, 42.68, 61.59, 84.10 and 125.65 mg O2 h-1 kg-1 body mass in the winter group, and 22.89, 40.59, 52.94, 75.13 and 109.35 mg O2 h-1 kg-1 in the summer group, respectively. Total mitochondrial respiration rates in the liver organ were estimated based on state 3 respiration rates, mitochondrial protein content and organ mass, and the mean values were 72.96, 71.87, 112.47, 167.35 and 183.27 nmol O2 min-1 in the winter group, and were 47.89, 47.39, 105.67, 138.18 and 132.29 nmol O2 min-1 in the summer group, respectively. Metabolic compensation caused by seasonal acclimatization occurred at the liver mitochondrial level and compensation at the liver organ level was found to be more efficient because of an increase in metabolic capacity of mitochondria and a boost in organ mass. Metabolic compensation at the whole-animal level was not detected. During seasonal acclimatization, the effect of metabolic compensation at liver mitochondrial level is inconsistent with that at the whole-animal level in the southern catfish. This may be due to different degrees of regulation of metabolic mechanisms among various tissues and organs in an acclimatized organism.

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolic Rate Kinetic Model Parameter Determination in Humans: The Lumped Constants and Rate Constants for [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose and [11C]Deoxyglucose

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reivich ◽  
A. Alavi ◽  
A. Wolf ◽  
J. Fowler ◽  
J. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glucose Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Mean

The rate constants and lumped constants (LCs) for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [11C]deoxyglucose ([11C]DG) were determined in humans for the glucose metabolic rate kinetic model used to measure local cerebral glucose consumption. The mean values (±SE) of the LCs for [18F]FDG and [11C]DG are 0.52 ± 0.028 (n = 9) and 0.56 ± 0.043 (n = 6), respectively. The mean values (±SE) of the rate constants k*1, k*2, k*3, and k*4 for [18F]FDG for gray matter are 0.095 ± 0.005, 0.125 ± 0.002, 0.069 ± 0.002, and 0.0055 ± 0.0003, respectively. The corresponding values for white matter are 0.065 ± 0.005, 0.126 ± 0.003, 0.066 ± 0.002, and 0.0054 ± 0.0006, respectively. Using these values and previously published values for the rate constants for [11C]DG, the average whole-brain metabolic rates for glucose in normal subjects measured with [18F]FDG and [11C]DG are 5.66 ± 0.37 (n = 6) and 4.99 ± 0.23 (n = 6) mg/100 g/min, respectively. These values are not significantly different ( t = 1.56, p > 0.10) and agree well with reported values in the literature determined by means of the Kety-Schmidt technique.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE HEMATOLOGIC VALUES OF THE JAPANESE

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED M. SNELL
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Hematologic studies have been made on 935 randomly selected "control" (nonirradiated) Japanese residing in Kure, Japan, as part of an investigation on the irradiated survivors of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. An analysis of the findings with respect to age and sex indicated that there were a number of divergences from the usual Caucasian expectancies. Associated with a slight anemia in those over puberty there is a progressive increase in the mean size and hemoglobin content of the erythrocyte with increasing age, more pronounced in the male. The hemoglobin concentration in the cells is apparently reduced. The leukocyte counts decrease with increasing age and all mean values are somewhat elevated. Plasma protein levels as determined by the copper sulfate specific gravity method are higher than Caucasian normals. Reticulocyte counts are not unusual. It has been emphasized that this "control" series does not consist entirely of normal healthy individuals, but that a considerable amount of disease is represented especially in regard to parasitic infestation. Also there is an appreciable nutritional imbalance present in the population. These two factors are probably of greatest significance in the interpretation of the observed divergences from Caucasian expectancies, but in view of the complexity of influences and inadequate data relative to each individual studied interpretations must be guarded.

Protein utilization and performance of early-weaned lambs

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. J. Davies ◽  
I. A. Dickson ◽  
A. B. Humphries ◽  
W. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARY1. Groups of 12 male and 12 female lambs, early weaned and individually fed, were used at six centres in Great Britain to determine the effect of dietary protein concentration on growth rate and feed utilization from weaning to 37 kg live weight. Three diets varying in the proportion of rolled barley to white-fish meal were used to give 13·5, 16·0 or 18·5% crude protein in the dry matter. The diets were pelleted and offered ad libitum.2. The male lambs showed significantly poorer growth rates and feed conversions on the low-protein than on the other diets. Results for the females were more variable so that although the mean values showed similar trends these were not statistically significant.3. Female lambs had about 19% lower growth rates than male lambs. The mean food conversion (kg dry matter/kg gain) with the diet containing 16% crude protein was 2·67 for the males and 3·30 for the female lambs. Food utilization differed significantly between centres, the centres using lambs of Finn Dorset breeding having lower growth rates and poorer food utilization than Suffolk crosses.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

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