Chemical Characteristics and Acute Toxicity of Foam on Two Aerated Lagoons

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Servizi ◽  
R. W. Gordon ◽  
I. H. Rogers ◽  
H. W. Mahood
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Chemical Characteristics

Foam collected from two aerated lagoons treating kraft pulp effluents was highly toxic to juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Chemical fractionation of one foam revealed large amounts of toxic resin acids and neutral diterpenes. In the other foam, toxicity was related to a pitch dispersant and unidentified material. Neither foam was readily detoxified by biological treatment in the laboratory.

Biochemical Studies on Sockeye Salmon During Spawning Migration: XI. The Free Histidine Content of the Tissues

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Biochemical Studies

During the first 250 miles (400 km) of spawning migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) the free histidine content of the muscle, alimentary tract, and head+skin+bones+tail decreased to a small fraction of the initial value. A further decrease occurred in the levels of this amino acid in the alimentary tract during the subsequent 415-mile (657-km) migration to the spawning grounds, no change being observed with the other tissues. Comparatively small changes in free histidine were found with heart, spleen, liver, kidney and gonads during migration.

The ontogeny of ultraviolet sensitivity, cone disappearance and regeneration in the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Novales Flamarique
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Ultraviolet Sensitivity

This study examines the spectral sensitivity and cone topography of the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka throughout its life history with special emphasis on ultraviolet sensitivity. Electrophysiological recordings from the optic nerve show that ultraviolet sensitivity is greatly diminished at the smolt stage but reappears in adult fish weighing about 201 g. Concomitantly, light microscopy observations of the retina show that ultraviolet cones disappear from the dorsal and temporal retina at the smolt stage but reappear at the adult stage. These changes occur for sockeye salmon raised in fresh water or salt water after smoltification. In contrast to this ultraviolet cycle, the other cone mechanisms (short-, middle- and long-wavelength-sensitive) and the rod mechanism remain present throughout ontogeny. The natural appearance and disappearance of ultraviolet cones in salmonid retinas follows surges in blood thyroxine at critical developmental periods. Their presence coincides with times of prominent feeding on zooplankton and/or small fish that may be more visible under ultraviolet light. It is proposed that the primary function of ultraviolet cones in salmonids is to improve prey contrast.

Resumption of Feeding by and Survival of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Following Advanced Gonad Development

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McBride ◽  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
M. Smith ◽  
N. Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Time

Adult, migrating, fasting sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were held in captivity in fresh water without spawning well beyond the time when they would normally have done so and died. A few of the fish were then gonadectomized and force feeding was begun. A few unoperated fish were fed similarly while the remainder served as unoperated, unfed controls. The gonads of the operated fish were well developed. After a period of feeding of about four months some fish in each group had survived. The fed fish had regained their green color and much of their weight and vigor, while the surviving unfed fish were extremely emaciated and listless. At this time voluntary feeding by the force-fed fish was observed for the first time, and it was then found that the five surviving unfed controls would also take food voluntarily. While two of these fish died without apparent improvement in their condition, the other three gradually regained green color, weight and vigor.

Effect of ACTH and Salmon Gonadotropin on Interrenal and Thyroid Activity of Gonadectomized Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Other Hand

Injection of a chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gonadotropin preparation into gonadectomized sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) did not result in any increase in the plasma concentration of cortisol or cortisone, nor did it stimulate the activity of the interrenal tissue. On the other hand, injection of mammalian ACTH (Acthar) did result in an increase in the plasma concentration of cortisol and cortisone, and stimulated the interrenal tissue. The salmon gonadotropin preparation, however, elicited an increase in thyroid activity. The results suggest that in the salmon, ovulation is not caused by gonadotropin induced interrenal corticosteroidogenesis.

Institutional Learning and Spawning Channels for Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Design Construction

In the 1960s and 1970s, six artificial spawning channels for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were constructed in British Columbia. I use the evaluation of these facilities and the response to the evaluation to test the hypothesis that fisheries management agencies can learn from experience. One of the facilities was almost immediately determined to be successful, but it took approximately 20 yr for the agency to evaluate the success of the other five. The evaluation was ambiguous for three of these. Only when facilities were overwhelmingly successful or total failures did clear answers emerge. The Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) has experimented, evaluated, and learned about design, construction, and operation of spawning channels. DFO appears to be less successful at using the evaluation of adult production resulting from spawning channels. Learning appears to work best when goals are well defined, experiments can be conducted and evaluated rapidly, and there is a close organizational connection between decision makers, evaluators, and operators.

Survival of certain naturally acquired freshwater parasites of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), in hosts held in fresh and sea water, and implications for their use as population tags

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Bailey ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
G. D. Workman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Natural Tags

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts were captured from the outlet streams of Cultus Lake, British Columbia, in 1985 and 1986, and from Fraser Lake, British Columbia, in 1986. Samples collected in 1985 were reared in salt water. Samples collected from each lake in 1986 were divided equally into two groups: one group was reared in fresh water, the other was maintained in salt water. Initially biweekly, and later monthly, subsamples from each group were examined for seven parasite taxa: Myxidium salvelini, Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria, Phyllodistomum umblae, Eubothrium sp. (immature), Proteocephalus sp. (immature), Neoechinorhynchus salmonis, and Salmincola californiensis. The maximum life-span was greater than the duration of the experiments (32–40 weeks) for all species in hosts reared in fresh water (except for S. californiensis, which was removed from all freshwater hosts). Survival of M. salvelini, P. umblae, and S. californiensis was reduced in hosts reared in sea water. No differences in survival of each of Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria, Eubothrium sp., Proteocephalus sp., and N. salmonis were observed between hosts held in fresh water or salt water. Implications for the use of these parasites as natural tags are discussed.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

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