δ-Amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity of Fish Blood as an Indicator of a Harmful Exposure to Lead

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Fish Blood ◽  
Dehydratase Activity ◽  
Harmful Effects

The activity of red cell δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was depressed after exposure of the fish to lead. Concentrations of lead in water as low as 13 μg/liter caused a significant inhibition of activity after only 4-wk exposure. Assays of this enzyme’s activity may provide a short-term indication of long-term harmful effects of lead.

Use of Blood Lead and Erythrocyte θ-Amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity to Detect Lead Exposure of Fish Populations

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P V Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Lead Uptake ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid ◽  
Dehydratase Activity

The measurement of blood lead concentrations and inhibition of erythrocyte θ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D) has been used successfully to diagnose lead exposure in human populations. While blood lead is one of the best indicators of lead exposure, its measurement is expensive, time consuming, subject to bias through contamination and requires highly skilled personnel. The advantages of assaying ALA-D activity are those of cost, speed, sample size and simplicity. Since most organisms possess this enzyme in a variety of tissues, and since its activity is inhibited only by lead, there is potentially a large variety of aquatic species that may be used to monitor “biologically available” lead in aquatic ecosystems. Sessile and migratory species could integrate short-term fluctuations in waterborne lead and provide data on spatial and temporal variations. Fish are convenient organisms to sample and fish blood is a particularly rich source of ALA-D. Laboratory experiments have defined the optimum conditions for blood sampling and assaying ALA-D activity as well as the strong negative correlation between blood lead concentrations and ALA-D activity and between waterborne lead concentrations and ALA-D activity. Other toxic metals (e.g. Cu, Hg, Zn, Cd) and PCB's do not inhibit ALA-D, and factors that increase lead toxicity (e.g. decreased environmental pH) also increase lead uptake and the inhibition of ALA-D. Consequently, ALA-D activity provides a measure of both exposure and effect. Species variation in rates of lead uptake allows a selection of a suitable monitoring species for a given, situation. Preliminary surveys of Lake Ontario fish populations indicate that monitoring of ALA-D activity is technically simple and straightforward, the assay is much cheaper and faster than blood lead or whole body lead analyses, and activity is correlated to other measures of lead in fish.

Evaluation of Erythrocyte δ-amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity as a Short-Term Indicator in Fish of a Harmful Exposure to Lead

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
Beverley R. Blunt ◽  
Douglas J. Spry ◽  
Keith Austen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

The activity of erythrocyte δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) of fish is easily measured under a variety of experimental conditions. Exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus) to lead consistently inhibited ALA-D within 2 wks at concentrations as low as 10, 90, 470, and 90 μg/ℓ, respectively. In rainbow and brook trout these concentrations were closely related to the published minimum effective concentrations causing sublethal harm. There was a significant linear relationship between ALA-D activity and log of blood lead concentration, between ALA-D activity and log of lead in water, and between blood lead and lead in water. Near lethal exposures to cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury did not significantly inhibit ALA-D activity. Recovery of ALA-D activity of rainbow trout after transfer from 120 μg/ℓ lead to clean water occurred in 8 wk. This enzyme provides fast, consistent, specific, and sensitive estimates of lead concentrations causing sublethal harm to fish and may help to relate sources of lead to degree of exposure of fish populations in the field. Key words: lead, sublethal toxicity, fish, indicator enzyme, δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

The third case of Doss porphyria (δ-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase deficiency) in Germany

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Doss ◽  
T. Stauch ◽  
U. Gross ◽  
M. Renz ◽  
R. Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

Delta-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase gene and essential tremor

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. G. Agúndez ◽  
Elena García-Martín ◽  
Hortensia Alonso-Navarro ◽  
Pedro Ayuso ◽  
Gara Esguevillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid

Interaction between blood lead concentration and δ-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphisms increases the odds of essential tremor

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
LaKeisha Applegate ◽  
Joseph H. Graziano ◽  
Michael Parides ◽  
Vesna Slavkovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Acid Dehydratase ◽  
Amino Levulinic Acid
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