Temperature-Induced Changes in Acute Toxicity of Zinc to Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
John B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Polluted Rivers ◽  
Induced Changes

Three groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were acclimated to water temperatures of 3, 11, and 19 C. When exposed at their acclimation temperature to lethal concentrations of zinc, cold-acclimated salmon survived longer than warm-acclimated salmon. However, the threshold lethal concentration (LC50) of zinc was highest for salmon at 19 C, i.e. there was less toxicity at the high temperature. At test temperatures lower than prior acclimation temperatures, survival times in zinc were longer but the threshold LC50 was lower, i.e. fish were less tolerant of zinc. The opposite results were seen at temperatures above prior acclimation temperatures.The threshold LC50 may be predicted by the equation LC50 = 1.9611 − 0.1873 Ta + 0.8699 Te − 0.0414 Te2 + 0.00004 Ta Te3, where Ta = temperature of acclimation and Te = temperature of exposure.In polluted rivers, zinc concentrations may be most damaging to fish populations during the winter months. Measured concentrations of zinc and copper in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick were highest in winter when estimated toxicity of metal was also greatest.

Relationship of upstream migrating adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and stream discharge within Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C Mitchell ◽  
Richard A Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
River System ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Adult Abundance

Stream discharge has long been associated with abundance of returning adult spawning salmonids to streams and may also affect body size distribution of adult salmon as low flows interfere with returns of larger-bodied fish. We examined these relationships of abundance and body size within Catamaran Brook, a third-order tributary to the Miramichi River system of New Brunswick, Canada, to investigate the causes of a declining trend in annual returns of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to this stream. Regression models of adult abundance, proportion of the run as grilse, and body size of returning adults as functions of maximum daily stream discharge during the period of upstream spawner migration were constructed. Adult abundance shows a logarithmic relationship with stream discharge and provides good predictive ability, while appearing to not be significantly related to adult abundance in the larger Miramichi system. The proportion as grilse in the run and female body size are also logarithmically related to stream discharge, with low flow years being very influential in the regressions. These relationships of Atlantic salmon population abundance and body size characteristics have implications with respect to stock integrity and production of the following generation.

Thermal Acclimation and Temperature Selection in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, and Rainbow Trout, S. gairdneri

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yaqub Javaid ◽  
John M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Gradient ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The selected temperature for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, as determined in a horizontal gradient, increases with acclimation temperature over the acclimation range 5–20 C for salmon and 10–20 C for trout. The final preferendum for salmon is about 17 C. The results for rainbow trout suggest that the type of gradient used, i.e. vertical or horizontal, has a marked influence on the experimentally determined relation between acclimation temperature and selected temperature.

Zinc Uptake by Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Exposed to a Lethal Concentration of Zinc at 3, 11, and 19 C

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 2552-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Exposure

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) acclimated to 3, 11, and 19 C took up high concentrations of zinc in gill tissues during exposures to a nominal 14 mg/liter of zinc. The rate of zinc uptake, as shown by 65Zn tracer, increased from a minimum at 3 C to a maximum at 19 C. In fish killed by zinc exposure, zinc concentrations in gills were highest at 19 C and lowest at 3 and 11 C.

Cardiorespiratory responses of seawater-acclimated adult Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to an acute temperature increase

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle M. Penney ◽  
Gordon W. Nash ◽  
A. Kurt Gamperl
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Significant Difference

In this first study examining the thermal tolerance of adult Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) acclimated to seawater, we measured their critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and several cardiorespiratory parameters (oxygen consumption (MO2), heart rate (fH), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), ventilatory frequency (VF), opercular pressure (PO), and ventilatory effort (VE)) when exposed to a temperature increase of 2 °C·h−1. Further, we directly compared these results with those obtained for the eurythermal Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) under identical conditions. There was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory values between the two species at their acclimation temperature (9.5–10 °C). In contrast, the slope of the MO2–temperature relationship was lower (by 27%) in the char as compared with that in the salmon, and the char had significantly lower values for maximum fH (by 13%), maximum MO2 (by 35%), absolute metabolic scope (by 39%), and CTMax (approximately 23 versus 26.5 °C, respectively). Although not a focus of the study, preliminary data suggest that interspecific differences in mitochondrial respiration (oxidative phosphorylation), and its temperature sensitivity, may partially explain the difference in thermal tolerance between the two species. These results provide considerable insights into why Atlantic salmon are displacing Arctic char in the current era of accelerated climate change.

Imprinting and Homing of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelts

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Foster ◽  
C. B. Schom
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Salmon River ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Experiments were conducted to determine if a process similar to imprinting occurs during each seaward migration of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar). Displaced Atlantic salmon kelts homed to the site from which they had previously emigrated to sea as smolts (Big Salmon River, New Brunswick, Canada) and did not home to their release sites, or their overwintering sites 150 km away. Delaying release of kelts past the time of normal seaward migration did not cause the behavioral changes associated with interference of the imprinting process described for smolts. Delayed release kelts did not remain near their seawater or estuarine release sites, home to their release sites, or non-selectively home to suitable spawning streams near their release sites. Delayed released kelts travelled away from the release site faster than kelts released during their normal time of seaward migration, but they did not return either to Passamaquoddy Bay or their natal stream in the calendar year of their release (the normal time for this stock) or in subsequent years.

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