Feeding Efficiencies of the Polychaete Nereis virens Cultured on Hard-Clam Tissue and Oyster Detritus

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1675-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Tenore ◽  
U. K. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Nereis Virens ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Clam Tissue ◽  
Aqua Culture

In laboratory experiments, the ecological and assimilation efficiencies of the polychaete Nereis virens cultured on biodeposits of oysters (5.7 and 28.8%) were lower than for worms grown on clam tissue (18.0 and 77.3%). However, a high consumption rate of biodeposits resulted in a growth rate (48% increase in dry wt) higher than for worms fed clam tissue (31% increase). Mucus production by Nereis virens accounted for several percentage points in the calculation of efficiencies. Biodeposits in both natural and aqua-culture environments might be exploited as a food source for this species.

High Consumption Rate of Black-Legged Kittiwakes by Common Ravens in a Norwegian Seabird Colony

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Tella ◽  
Ignacio Torre ◽  
Tomas Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Seabird Colony ◽  
High Consumption

Comparative energetics and the development of bioenergetics models for sympatric estuarine piscivores

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J. Hartman ◽  
Stephen B. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Independent Model ◽  
Bioenergetics Models

Bioenergetics models for striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) were developed from laboratory experiments on metabolism and consumption. Size-specific rates of consumption and metabolism were similar for bluefish and weakfish and higher than those for striped bass. Temperature effects on maximum consumption rate (Cmax) differed with fish size. Cmax of young fish (30 g) increased with temperature, then declined rapidly at higher temperatures; Cmax for larger fish of all three species (100–3000 g) increased rapidly to the maximum rate, but leveled off at higher (25–30 °C) temperatures. Results of Cmax experiments suggest that extrapolation of the temperature dependency of small fish to larger fish, as is commonly done, may misrepresent potential growth at higher temperatures. Independent model validation using laboratory experiments found consumption estimates (from growth) to be within −1.4 to +4.5% of known values for all species at temperatures above 19 °C; however, at 6.9°C consumption by striped bass was overestimated by 20–46%. Model estimates of growth (from consumption) were within −7.1 to +30.1% of known values in all validations. Overall, the growth physiology of the three species appeared to be related to the water temperatures encountered during estuarine residency and production.

scholarly journals Metal Contents of Lake Fish in Area Close to Disposal of Industrial Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Suyud Warno Utomo ◽  
Frisca Rahmadina ◽  
Bambang Wispriyono ◽  
Haryoto Kusnoputranto ◽  
Al Asyary
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Lake Fish

This research was conducted to analyze the content of Fe, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb in several species of fish taken from three lakes that are close to the disposal of industrial waste in Indonesia. The fish samples were taken from three lakes, namely, Muara Angke, Weda, and Morowali. The samples from Morowali were analyzed in April 2019, those from Weda from November to December 2019, and those from Muara Angke in June 2018. All the samples were then analyzed at the Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, and the Integrated Laboratory of IPB. The main results showed that all types of fish from Morowali and Weda were no longer safe to consume because they contained Fe, Cu, Cd, and Cr exceeding the threshold of metal contamination. Meanwhile, all types of fish from Muara Angke, except for ayam-ayam, are still safe for consumption. The results of this study can be a source of information regarding metal content in fish and fish feed for safe consumption. Given the high consumption rate of fish and the hazards of heavy metals on humans’ health, such research must be furthered.

scholarly journals Leaf litter as a possible food source for chironomids (Diptera) in Brazilian and Portuguese headwater streams

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Callisto ◽  
José F. Gonçalves Jr ◽  
Manuel A. S. Graça
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Use

Our objective was to evaluate the potential use of leaf detritus by chironomid larvae. Field and laboratory experiments were performed using leaves and chironomid species collected in Portugal and Brazil. Laboratory experiments under controlled conditions were done using microbial conditioned senescent leaves of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Neriumoleander L., Protium heptaphilum (Aubl.) March, Protium brasiliense (Spreng) Engl., Myrcia guyanensis(Aubl.) DC and Miconia chartacea Triana. Laboratory experiments were performed using specimens collected from leaf litter in local streams. Whenever possible, after the experiments, chironomids were allowed to emerge as adults and identified. In Portugal the following taxa were identified: Micropsectra apposita (Walker, 1856), Polypedilum albicorne (Meigen, 1838),Eukiefferiella claripennis Lundbeck (1898), Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) atripes Rempel (1937) and Ablabesmyia Johannsen (1905) (Diptera, Chironomidae). Consumption rates ranged from 0.15 ± 0.10 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Micropsectra apposita feeding on Alnus glutinosa) up to 0.85 ± 0.33 mg (AFDM) of leaf animal-1 day-1 (Polypedilum albicorne feeding on Miconia chartacea). In Brazil, the following taxa were identified from leaves: Phaenopsectra sp., Chironomus spp. and Polypedilum sp. and maximum consumption rates reached 0.47 ± 0.28 (AFDM) of leaf mg.animal-1.day-1 (Chironomus Meigen (1803) feeding on Protium heptaphilum). Feeding experiments with laboratory cultured specimens, revealed that some chironomids were unable to feed on decomposing leaves (e.g., C. xanthus Rempel (1939) on P.brasiliensis and M.guyanensis). Our results suggest that some stream chironomids (not typical shredders) can use leaf litter of riparian vegetation as a complementary food source.

scholarly journals The influence of trematodes on the macroalgae consumption by the common periwinkle Littorina littorea

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin T. Clausen ◽  
Martin H. Larsen ◽  
Nina K. Iversen ◽  
Kim N. Mouritsen
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Community Regulation ◽  
Macroalgal Biomass ◽  
The Common ◽  
Trematode Infections

Trematodes are ubiquitous elements of coastal ecosystems that commonly modify the phenotype of their invertebrate hosts, often with ramifications to higher levels of ecological organization. In this context, trematode infections have been suggested to reduce the consumption of the herbivorous gastropod Littorina littorea (L.) (Mollusca: Gastropoda), in turn affecting the composition of the macroalgal community on which the snail grazes. Here, we examine the effect of two species of trematodes, Renicola roscovita and Himasthla elongata, on L. littorea's consumption in two outdoor microcosm experiments offering the snails two different ephemeral green algae species as a food source. Our results show that, irrespective of the species of parasite and food source, infection decreases consumption: uninfected snails consumed up to 65% more macroalgal biomass than infected snails. Aside from infection status, gender and size also influenced the snails' consumption rate significantly. The differing histopathological impacts of the two species of trematodes on the hosts' gonad–digestive gland complex (in which the parasites reside), suggests that parasitic castration is a likely mechanism for the reduced energy demand of infected periwinkles. Together with existing evidence, our investigation suggests that trematodes in general depress the grazing activity of L. littorea, and that the resulting community regulation occurs throughout the snails' distributional range.

scholarly journals EVALUACION DE DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE LA MICROALGA NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA COMO ALIMENTO PARA ARTEMIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Tizol Correa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Cellular Concentration ◽  
Survival And Growth

Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the possibility of using the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata as a food source for brine shirmp. Among the range concentrations studied (3 x 105 to 14 x 105 cells/ml), 12 x 105 cells/ml offered the best results of survival and growth rate and it is recommended as the most effective. From correlation matrix, high values (r > 0.90; a = 0.05) were obtained for the relation of microalgae concentration and survival, growth rate and the variation of average lenght. The minimum cellular concentration of microalgae which is necessary for brine shrimp culture is 5.6 x 105 cells/ml.

How to Increase Plastic Waste Acceptance for Mechanical Recycling: An Introduction to Material Value Conservation and its Phenomenon

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
High Consumption

Inappropriate packaging design and implementation of quality improvement of plastic waste paradigm affected low acceptance of waste for mechanical recycling. This research proposed material value conservation paradigm with design for recycling principles as key solution in avoiding its value degradation. Phenomenology and plastic quality measurement implemented as methodologies of research. Some evident in Indonesia verified the presence of the new paradigm in practice and followed with estimation of its prospective benefit. The new paradigm will generate broader impact and more benefit if adopted for other type of materials, especially for region with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

scholarly journals Shredders prefer soft and fungal-conditioned leaves, regardless of their initial chemical traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Biasi ◽  
Gláucia B. Cogo ◽  
Luiz U. Hepp ◽  
Sandro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Chemical Traits

ABSTRACT Through field and laboratory experiments we investigated the effects of leaf traits of two tree species and microbial conditioning on the abundance, biomass, and feeding preference of a typical macroinvertebrate shredder. In the field, we compared the association of Phylloicus (Calamoceratidae, Trichoptera) with two tree species commonly found in riparian zones, which are representative of high and low nutritional quality, respectively: Nectandra megapotamica and Chusquea tenella. In the laboratory, we investigated the feeding preference of Phylloicus using unconditioned leaves and leaves conditioned by aquatic fungi. The same tree species used in the field experiment were used in the laboratory. Initially, C. tenella leaves were proved to be more nutritious and softer, while N. megapotamica leaves were harder and more lignified. The shredders preferred conditioned leaf detritus of reduced toughness (field: C. tenella; laboratory: N. megapotamica, both conditioned for 14 days). These leaf traits seem to be crucial for the choice process of Phylloicus. After 14 days, N. megapotamica leaves showed a decreased toughness associated with the microbial conditioning, which explained its consumption rate by Phylloicus. In both field and laboratory experiments, we found evidence that Phylloicus is a selective feeding shredder, and that the leaf traits, especially leaf structure (e.g., leaf toughness and lignin content), determine its association and preferences.

Mucus as a mediator of gametogenic synchrony in the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Hamel ◽  
Annie Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mature Individual ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

The data presented here demonstrate that the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa secretes a biologically active mucus that helps maintain gametogenic synchrony among conspecifics. Either a whole mature individual or a sample of its freshly collected mucus was able to initiate gametogenesis in conspecifics that were in the gametogenic recovery stage when other environmental conditions, including daylength, were maintained constant. Similar results were obtained when the mucus was kept in seawater for less than 3 h prior to its use, whereas after 6 h in seawater, the mucus had lost its inducing properties. Laboratory experiments showed that the mucus was produced in lesser amount during late summer and autumn; the production rapidly increased in early January to reach a peak a few months before the June spawning, in 1992 and 1993. The increment of mucus production was concurrent with the initiation of gametogenesis. Synthesis of mucus was maximal in individuals having attained gametogenic maturity and minimum in individuals with less developed gonads. At first relatively stable in seawater, the mucus gradually lost its integrity within a period of 3–5 h, suggesting that the mucus may be carried over long distances by currents, thus allowing a transfer of information before its complete degradation. This phenomenon was observed in the field where streams of mucus could be followed by SCUBA divers as far as 20–30 m away from the secreting animal. The data presented here are the first evidence of the important role played by mucus secretion during the gametogenic processes of an echinoderm.

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