Acute Toxicities of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) and DDT Alone and in Combination to Early Life Stages of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1543-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Halter ◽  
Howard E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Additive Toxicity

Egg hatchability, mean time to hatching, and alevin survival and growth decreased when coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) eggs and alevins were exposed at 12–14 C to 4.4 μg/liter Aroclor 1254 or higher until 4 wk after hatching, and to 15 μg/liter or more until 2 days before hatching. Premature hatching occurred in all egg groups exposed to the PCB. The median survival times of fry exposed to Aroclor 1254–DDT combinations for two wk were similar to those after exposure to the various concentrations of DDT alone. The more rapid reaction time to DDT is suggested as the basis for lack of additive toxicity.

The effects of aroclor 1254 and no. 2 fuel oil on smoltification and sea-water adaptation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy C. Folmar ◽  
Walton W. Dickhoff ◽  
Waldo S. Zaugg ◽  
Harold O. Hodgins
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Sea Water Adaptation

Effects of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor® 1254 on Growth, Survival, and Bone Development in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Mauck ◽  
Paul M. Mehrle ◽  
Foster L. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

Eyed eggs of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to Aroclor® 1254 (0.43–13 μg/L) for 10 d before hatching and the fry for 118 d after hatching. Median hatching time, egg hatchability, and sac fry survival were not affected by Aroclor 1254. At 48 d after hatching, growth was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by Aroclor 1254 concentrations ≥ 1.5 μg/L, but no significant differences in growth of surviving fry were observed at the end of the 118-d exposure. Mortality occurred in fry exposed to 13 μg/L within 48 d of exposure, and after 118 d of exposure significant mortality occurred in the three highest concentrations. Biochemical constituents in brook trout fry related to growth and development were affected by Aroclor 1254. Hydroxyproline and vitamin C concentrations in sac fry (38 d old) were decreased by ≥ 3.1 μg/L. Backbone development in fry exposed for 118 d was significantly altered. Collagen was significantly decreased in the backbone as was the phosphorous concentration, while the calcium concentration increased. Hydroxyproline concentration in collagen isolated from the backbone was also decreased. The no-effect exposure concentration on backbone composition was < 0.43 μg/L. Whole body residues in fry exposed for 118 d were 40 000 to 47 000 times the concentration in water. Key words: brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, Aroclor® 1254, polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB, growth, bone development, vitamin C, collagen

Relation of Water Temperature to Ceratomyxosis in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Udey ◽  
J. L. Fryer ◽  
K. S. Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Mean Time

Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to infection with Ceratomyxa shasta transferred in groups of 25 to aquaria, and tempered to various temperature levels increasing from 3.9 to 23.3 C (39 to 74 F) by 2.8 degree C (5 degree F) increments. During a 237-day observation period mortality in the experimental groups averaged about 80%, and was independent of water temperature between 6.3 and 23.3 C (44 and 74 F). No deaths occurred at 3.9 C (39 F). The geometric-mean time from exposure to death, however, was definitely a function of temperature, increasing from 14 days at 23.3 C (74 F) to 155 days at 6.7 C (44 F).A similar experiment with juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) gave quite different results. In this species, percent mortality due to C. shasta increased progressively from 2% at 9.4 C (49 F) to 22% at 15.0 C (59 F) and 84% at 20.5 C (69 F). No deaths occurred at 3.9 or 6.7 C (39 or 44 F) during the 201-day experimental period. As with the rainbow trout, the geometric-mean time from exposure to death was temperature dependent, increasing from 12.5 days at 23.3 C (74 F) to 146 days at 9.4 C (49 F). The data indicate that ceratomyxosis in coho can be suppressed by water temperatures of 6.7 C (44 F) or below.

Spatial distribution, survival, and growth of sibling groups of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in an experimental stream channel

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2119-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Andrew H. Dittman ◽  
N. Phil Peterson ◽  
Eric Volk
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Sibling Recognition

The spatial distribution, survival, and growth of two full-sibling families of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in an experimental outdoor stream channel were compared between the families and with the performance of one of the families in an allopatric control channel after 75 d of rearing. No difference in survival was observed between families (81.2% overall), but their spatial distributions in the channel differed markedly. One family or the other numerically dominated 5 of 7 riffle-pool habitat units within the sympatric treatment channel. The family that was larger at the beginning of the experiment (0.52 vs. 0.37 g mean mass) was also larger at the end (2.03 vs. 1.58 g). While there was little evidence of density-dependent growth overall, the growth of each family was correlated with the density of siblings in the unit. However, the larger bodied family showed negative density-dependent growth, whereas the smaller bodied family showed positive density-dependent growth. These patterns of distribution and growth may have arisen from sibling recognition or some other proximate mechanism such as assortative distribution based on size or interfamily variation in aggression. Regardless of the mechanism, intrapopulation variation in distribution and growth may lead to considerable variation in fitness among families because these factors affect success in subsequent freshwater and marine life history stages.

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