Development of Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Otoliths and Their Use for Age Analysis and for Separating Summer from Winter Races and Wild from Hatchery Stocks

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1420-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. McKern ◽  
H. F. Horton ◽  
K V. Koski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
First Year ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
First Year Of Life

In steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) the first pair of otoliths (sagittae) appeared in X-ray photographs of embryos 14 days before hatching and were the first calcified structures visible. Subsequent growth characteristics of otoliths were used in identifying as freshwater and ocean annuli and spawning checks, and indicated seven age-classes and 26 life history patterns among 434 specimens. Diameters of otolith nuclei were smaller (P ≤ 0.01) in summer steelhead (mean = 0.348 mm) than in winter steelhead (mean = 0.436 mm), and diagonally measured otolith growth representing the first year of life was larger (P ≤ 0.01) in hatchery-reared (1.291 mm) than in wild steelhead (0.868 mm for 2/fish and 0.769 mm for 3/fish). Absence of changes in density in the freshwater growth of otoliths from hatchery-reared steelhead and presence of such changes in the otoliths from wild steelhead served as a subjective means of accurately separating the two stocks.

A NOMOGRAM FOR THE X-RAY EVALUATION OF SOME MORPHOLOGICAL ANOMALIES OF THE PELVIS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MONGOLISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077
Author(s):  
F. B. Nicolis ◽  
G. Sacchetti
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Anomalies ◽  
First Year Of Life

Some morphological anomalies of the pelvis were radiologically evaluated in 25 mongoloid children within the first year of life, in comparison with 45 normal children, through the measurements of the acetabular and iliac angles. The results were statistically analyzed according to the model of discriminant functions, and the combination of the two measurements which gives the best discrimination between mongoloid and normal children was established; on this basis, a nomogram is presented, where-by a quantitative estimation of the morphological anomalies can be made, for diagnostic purposes, without numerical calculations and with a low error.

scholarly journals The influence of pre-recruitment growth on subsequent growth and age at first spawning in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Brophy ◽  
Bret S Danilowicz
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Calculation of the spawning stock biomass for fisheries management requires information on the numbers or proportions of fish in each age- or length-group that are mature each year. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth and age of first reproduction in herring stocks around Ireland. Measurements of otolith size at the onset of the first annulus (O1) were used to compare growth during the first year of life between 1-, 2-, and 3-group spawning herring collected from spawning grounds in the Celtic Sea over a period of 3 years. The 1-group spawning fish had significantly greater mean O1 measurements, and hence showed faster growth on average during the first year of life than 2- or 3-group spawning fish. Fish that exhibited slow growth during the first year were absent from the adult spawning population at age 1, but occurred at similar levels in the samples of 2- and 3-group spawning fish. Regression of O1 radius on fish length at capture showed that growth during the first year of life had a small but significant effect on subsequent growth up to age 3. The relationship between pre-recruitment growth and subsequent growth and age at first spawning has implications for recruitment patterns of juveniles from different nursery areas and for the lifetime fecundity of population components with differential growth.

scholarly journals A rare case of left lung agenesis in a female teenager.

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-352
Author(s):  
Md Ankan Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Debabrata Saha ◽  
Kaushik Saha ◽  
Debraj Jash ◽  
Arnab Maji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
First Year ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Lung Agenesis ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Routine Chest

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. History of recurrent chest infection in first year of life is the presenting symptom although patient may be asymptomatic and detected on routine chest x-ray. Our patient presented with recurrent chest infections since childhood. CT scan thorax revealed absence of lung tissue on left side with mediastinal shifting and herniation of right lung to left side. Pulmonary angiography confirmed the diagnosis of left lung agenesis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i4.12610 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 04 Oct’12  

scholarly journals Anastomotic Strictures after Esophageal Atresia Repair: Timing of Dilatation during the First Two Postoperative Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Salö ◽  
Pernilla Stenström ◽  
Magnus Anderberg ◽  
Einar Arnbjörnsson
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
First Year ◽  
Esophageal Dilatation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anastomotic Strictures ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Type C ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Time Frames

Background We determined time frames for dilatation of anastomotic strictures (ASs) occurring during the first 2 years after esophageal atresia (EA) repair. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on children with EA (Gross type C) who underwent direct repair between January 2008 and March 2015 at a single tertiary center of pediatric surgery. Endoscopic signs of stricture were indications for dilatation because the endoscopy provides more reliable information than X-ray imagining methods. Results Among our cohort of 49 children with EA, 19 (39%) required at least one esophageal dilatation. All children required initial dilatation within the first year of life and none was older than 1 year during initial dilatation (p < 0.01). A median of three dilatations (range: 1–13) took place per patient, with 87% performed during the first postoperative year. The timing of initial dilatation in the first year (< 6 months, 14/19 [74%] vs. 6–12 months, 5/19 [26%]) was predictive of the need for dilatation beyond the first year (9/14 [64%] vs. 0/5 [0%]; p = 0.03) but not of more numerous dilatations (median, 3 vs. 1; p = 0.07). Conclusion The need for dilatation within 6 months postoperatively predicts the need for dilatation after 1 year, but it does not indicate the number of dilatations that will be needed.

scholarly journals Natural variability in δ18O values of otoliths of young Pacific sardine captured in Mexican waters indicates subpopulation mixing within the first year of life

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia R. Valle ◽  
Sharon Z. Herzka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
First Year ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Sardine ◽  
Local Range ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Valle, S. R., and Herzka, S. Z. 2008. Natural variability in δ18O values of otoliths of young Pacific sardine captured in Mexican waters indicates subpopulation mixing within the first year of life. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 174–190. Oxygen stable isotopes were measured in whole sagittae of young Pacific sardine (δ18Ooto) collected throughout their range in the Mexican Pacific to quantify natural variability, to reconstruct temperature histories, and to infer whether fish mix at a population or subpopulation level. Isotopic values and derived temperature estimates (Toto) of sardine captured simultaneously showed high variability (up to 2.0‰ and 10°C at a given location). Given limited variations in salinity, this implies differences in thermal history and the prevalence of subpopulation-level mixing processes. We tested the null hypothesis of local residence by comparing δ18Ooto values with predicted isotopic values on a location-specific basis, and age- and location-specific average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with derived Toto. Some fish exhibited values outside the local range of predicted oxygen isotope values and SSTs, suggesting that they were not permanent residents. Using an otolith growth model, we show that otolith growth and age differences cannot fully account for the variability in δ18Ooto values. The absence of significant differences in δ18Ooto values between the Pacific and Gulf indicates that oxygen isotope ratios cannot be used to examine population structure or migration among these regions. However, they can be used to infer mixing within and among subpopulations.

Age, growth and condition of the Perth herring, Nematolosa vlaminghi (Munro) (Dorosomatinae), in the Swan Estuary, south-western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Chubb ◽  
IC Potter
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation ◽  
First Year Of Life

The size, age and condition of Perth herring, N. vlaminghi, in the Swan Estuary in south-western Australia, were investigated between February 1977 and January 1980 using samples collected by beach seine and gill net. An examination of scale annuli showed that the population consisted predominantly of age classes 0+ to 4 +. By the end of their first year of life, Perth herring had reached mean lengths of 105 mm (= 9.8 g) in 1977, 105 mm (= 10.0 g) in 1978, and 95 mm (= 7.9 g) in 1979. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was calculated to be Lt = 381{1 -exp[- O.17(t + 0.6S)]}. During winter, the growth rate declined markedly and the mean condition factor fell to its lowest level. Perth herring started to make a major contribution to the important commercial fishery for this species during their third year of life.

A comparison of echo-enhanced voiding urosonography with X-ray voiding cystourethrography in the first year of life

2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. e235-e239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damjana Ključevšek ◽  
Nina Battelino ◽  
Mojca Tomažič ◽  
Tanja Kersnik Levart
Keyword(s):  
Voiding Cystourethrography ◽  
First Year ◽  
Voiding Urosonography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Year Of Life

DISEASE AS A CONTROL OF A POPULATION OF BLUE GROUSE, DENDRAGAPUS OBSCURUS FULIGINOSUS (RIDGWAY)

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Dendragapus Obscurus ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
First Year Of Life

A population of blue grouse was studied on its summer range at Quinsam Lake, Vancouver Island, to determine the factors of importance in population control. The population is stable with a density of 0.40 adult males and 0.78 yearling and adult females to the acre. A life table is constructed on the basis of a stable population, the death of 80% of the chicks in the first three months after hatch, and the death of 31% of the adults each year, as calculated from banding returns. The survivorship curve is negatively "J"-shaped. Mortality rates appear constant and independent of age after the first year of life. Space, weather, food, predators, and disease are considered as factors capable of population control. Six parasites are new records in this host. Two of the six, Plagiorhynchus formosus and Dispharynx nasuta occur commonly and almost exclusively in the chicks, where they cause extreme damage to the tissues of the gut. It is concluded that parasitism by these helminths is an important mortality factor in the chicks and a major cause of population stability—an equilibrium between death in the older age classes and replacement by surviving young.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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