Daily Feeding Rates of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Determined by a Refined Radioisotope Method

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo E. Kolehmainen
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Nonequilibrium State ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Radioisotope Method ◽  
Daily Feeding

The daily values of 137Cs intake by bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) from a small impoundment receiving low-level radioactive effluents were used to calculate the daily feeding rates of the fish. The calculations of 137Cs intake, for a nonequilibrium state, were based on fish growth, the seasonal fluctuation of 137Cs concentration in fish, and the temperature-elimination rate relationship. The feeding rates were obtained by dividing the daily intake of 137Cs by the concentration of 137Cs in the diet. The daily meal of bluegill varied from 0.8% of body weight in February to 3.2% in June with an annual mean of 1.75%. There was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.805) between the daily meal and the daily temperature. The ecological growth efficiency was 4.2% during the period from April to October.

scholarly journals Widespread consumption-dependent systematic error in fish bioenergetics models and its implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw G Bajer ◽  
Gregory W Whitledge ◽  
Robert S Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Systematic Error ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Fish Bioenergetics ◽  
Bioenergetics Models

Data from laboratory evaluations of seven fish bioenergetics models (BEMs) were used to investigate possible associations between BEM prediction error in relative growth rate (RGRerror) and levels of model input variables: mean daily food-consumption rate and fish body weight. Correlation between RGRerror and fish body weight was found in three BEMs applied under submaintenance feeding conditions. A strong correlation between RGRerror and mean daily consumption level was observed in all models over full consumption ranges; consumption level explained 70%–96% of variation in RGRerror. All BEMs underestimated (by 2- to 5-fold) growth at lower consumption levels and overestimated (by 2- to 3-fold) growth at higher consumption levels. RGRerror values associated with higher consumption levels were greater (up to 22 cal·g–1·day–1) than those at lower consumption levels (up to 10 cal·g–1·day–1). Correlation between consumption rate and RGRerror in all seven models indicates widespread systematic error among BEMs that likely arises from deficiencies in consumption-dependent model parameters. Results indicate that many BEMs are substantially inaccurate when predicting fish growth from higher feeding rates or estimating consumption from higher growth rates, even when higher consumption levels or growth episodes are of short duration. Findings obtained under submaintenance feeding conditions indicate that additional body-weight- and consumption-dependent terms should be added to BEM subequations for routine metabolism to account for metabolic reduction.

Prediction of Fish Growth Efficiency in Nature

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Physiological Properties

Using an equation system based upon the requirements of searching for prey, and the physiological properties of the predator, the hypothesis that growth efficiency of pelagic predators may be importantly determined by the metabolic cost of searching for prey is examined. The equation system indicates that growth efficiency decreases when the prey organisms become either rare or small in relation to the size of the predator. The system also indicates that sustained growth requires increasingly large prey organisms even if these are increasingly rare. Review of empirical literature indicates that the system's predictions are in accord with observation.

scholarly journals Once upon a larva: revisiting the relationship between feeding success and growth in fish larvae

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pepin ◽  
Dominique Robert ◽  
Caroline Bouchard ◽  
John F. Dower ◽  
Marianne Falardeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Feeding Success

Abstract Variations in larval fish growth rates are largely the result of variability in biotic and abiotic characteristics of the feeding environment experienced by each individual. An assessment of an individual's overall feeding success (i.e. accumulation of utilizable organic matter) can best be achieved at the time of capture when the relationships among environment, short-term feeding success as defined by gut content and long-term feeding success as defined by accumulated growth can be contrasted. Here, we investigated the relationships between average growth, feeding success, and variability in individual growth and feeding rates across a range of taxa based on a synthesis of studies in which stomach content and otolith growth were measured in the same individuals. Instantaneous measures of feeding success were highly variable and demonstrated a positive yet somewhat limited association with growth rates across all taxa. The strength of the feeding-growth relationships among taxa, and cohorts within taxa, was reflected in the autocorrelation of individual growth rates, suggesting that stable growth was achieved through consistent feeding success. However, when viewed at the individual level, faster growth was achieved in individuals with more variable growth rates, and by inference more variable past feeding success. The dichotomy in these underlying relationships may point to the importance of stochastic events in the development of exceptional individuals in a population, and may be linked to how surplus energy is allocated to individual growth rates. The positive correlation found between feeding success and growth in all taxa is consistent with the growth-survival paradigm for the larval stage of fish. However, both the correlation between feeding success and growth and the serial correlation of growth time-series was greatest in fast-growing species, suggesting that the potential for an early “critical period” regulating survival varies among species, reaching a maximum in fast-growing fish.

scholarly journals Variation in energy intake of female chimpanzees: comparing estimates based on feeding time versus energy ingestion rates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreen Uwimbabazi ◽  
Richard W Wrangham ◽  
Zarin P Machanda ◽  
Nancy L Conklin-Brittain ◽  
Jessica M Rothman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Different food items can provide calories at different rates, yet nutritional studies of primates are generally based on the proportion of time spent eating different foods. Accordingly, estimates of energy intake are potentially wrong. To assess the importance of this problem we observed 15 female chimpanzees from the Kanyawara chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda for 15 months. Feeding rates were recorded and nutritional analyses assembled for 90 food types. Across all foods the mean estimated rate of energy ingestion was 8.8±7.6 Kcals/min. Energy ingestion rates varied among food types (F8,82,=2.24, p<0.05), being higher for ripe fruits (12.2±8.7Kcals/min) than for young leaves (7.8±7.9Kcals/min), piths (6.0±5.2Kcals/min) or seeds (2.8±1.9Kcals/min). Energy ingestion rates estimated assuming high %NDF fermentation (54.3%) were significantly higher than the rates at zero (0%) fermentation (t=6.14, p<0.01). At 54.3% NDF fermentation, estimated energy ingestion rate rose by 20.5% for ripe fruits (9.7 to 12.2 Kcals/min), and by 39.7% for young leaves (4.7 to 7.8Kcals/min). Chimpanzees spent a mean of 304±80 minutes feeding daily, indicating that daily energy intake averaged to 3029 ±1198Kcal. When chimpanzees spent >60% of feeding time on ripe fruits (N=79 days), the average energy intake (3367Kcal) was significantly higher than when they spent >60% of feeding time on herbaceous vegetation (2409Kcal, N=37 days) (F1,114=12.68, p<0.01). Our results highlight the value of using feeding rates to understand chimpanzee nutrition, and suggest that seasonal fluctuation in nutrient intake is more pronounced than indicated by variation in feeding time.

scholarly journals Studies of method of conserving grass herbage and frequency of feeding in cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. L. Thiago ◽  
M. Gill ◽  
J. W. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spike Bursts ◽  
Daily Total

The influence of the method of conserving grass herbage and the frequency of feeding on eating behaviour, rumen motility and rumen fill was studied in growing steers. Silage and hay were offered to twelve rumen-cannulated Friesian steers (average initial live weight (LW) 128 kg) at a restricted level of intake (20 g dry matter (DM)/kg LW) either once or eight times daily. With once daily feeding, the daily intake of hay was consumed in a single large meal which lasted about 2 h, while silage was eaten in many small meals throughout the day. The proportion of the day spent ruminating was higher (0·39) for steers offered hay once daily than for those offered silage (0·28) or hay eight times per day (0·29). There was little effect of conservation method on frequency of rumen contraction, but contractile intensity (integration of frequency and amplitude) increased during the second half of the 24 h feeding cycle in steers offered hay either once daily or eight times daily, while the same effect was only observed when silage was offered once daily. Total daily contractile activity (the integration of the frequency and duration of myoelectric spike bursts) was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in steers offered hay, compared with silage, once daily. The mean weight of organic matter in the reticulo-rumen of steers offered hay was significantly higher than for silage both with once (1593 v. 1326 g organic matter (OM)/100 kg LW, P < 0·01) and eight (1367 v. 1160 g OM/100 kg LW, P < 0·05) times daily feeding. The proportion of the particulate pool which was present as small (< 1·2 mm) particles was always greater than 0·60.

scholarly journals Nutritional innovations on amino acids supplementation in Nile tilapia diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl spe) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Massamitu Furuya ◽  
Valéria Rossetto Barriviera Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Requirement ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Ideal Protein ◽  
Fillet Yield ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The optimal dietary supply of amino acids to tilapia has been studied for many years. Nevertheless, a general agreement on the amino acid requirement for tilapias has not been established. In order to optimize efficiency and reduce surplus nitrogen, values of digestibility of each amino acid of feed must be considered. Due to variations in the amino acid requirement due to new tilapia strains introduction, continuous research on amino acid requirements is necessary to elaborate economical and environmental sustainability diets, also improving fish growth, efficiency and fillet yield. The concept of ideal protein in tilapia diets was introduced more than ten years ago, and new researches have shown the importance of protein and amino acids on fish performance and health, when tilapias are submitted to constant challenging from internal and external factors.

Effects of Light and Turbidity on the Reactive Distance of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2845-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Vinyard ◽  
W. John O’brien
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Fish Feeding ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Reactive Distance ◽  
Light Intensities

Changes in the reactive distance of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to various sizes of Daphnia pulex were measured at light intensities ranging from 0.70 to 215.3 lx (0.065–20.0 ft-c) and at turbidities ranging from 1 to 30 Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). Both reduced illumination and increased turbidity caused substantial reduction in the reactive distance of bluegill for all prey sizes, and particularly for large prey. This result should be considered in efforts to determine fish feeding rates in lakes, and may be particularly relevant to vertically migrating zooplankton, or those inhabiting more turbid waters.

Cadmium, Metal-binding Proteins, and Growth in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Exposed to Contaminated Sediments from the Upper Mississippi River Basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gregory Cope ◽  
James G. Wiener ◽  
Mark T. Steingraeber ◽  
Gary J. Atchison
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bulk Sediment ◽  
Waterborne Cadmium

We exposed juvenile bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to ~1000 mg∙L−1 of continuously suspended river sediment in a 28-d test with six treatments (randomized block with one sediment-free control and five sediments ranging from 1.3 to 21.4 μg Cd∙g dry weight−1). Each treatment had three replicates, each with 25 fish. Growth was reduced by exposure to suspended sediment, probably due to physical effects of sediment on feeding and to toxicity in the treatment with the greatest concentrations of metals. Mean whole-body concentrations of cadmium (0.04–0.14 μg∙g wet weight−1) were correlated with cadmium concentration in filtered water (8–72 ng∙L−1), suspended sediment (0.61–16.8 μg∙L−1), and bulk sediment. The concentration of hepatic nonthionein cytosolic cadmium (cadmium not bound by metal-binding proteins, MBP) in fish exposed to the two most contaminated sediments exceeded that in controls. The mean concentration of hepatic MBP was correlated with cadmium concentration in filtered water, suspended sediment, bulk sediment, and whole fish. Whole-body cadmium concentration was the most sensitive indicator of cadmium exposure, with lowest observed effect concentrations of 1.9 μg Cd∙L−1 for suspended sediment and 13 ng Cd∙L−1 for filtered water. Sediment-associated cadmium was less available than waterborne cadmium for uptake by fish.

scholarly journals Performance of the nile tilapia with varying daily feeding amounts, using a commercial diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glacio Souza Araujo ◽  
Rafael Lustosa Maciel ◽  
Thales da Silva Moreira ◽  
Jefferson Pablo de Sousa Saboya ◽  
Renato Teixeira Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Randomized Design

In order to evaluate the performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), daily feeding amounts were varied in an experiment following a completely randomized design for 154 days and consisting of four treatments with three replications each, totaling 12 tanks with 3 m3 (3 x 1 x 1 m) of area each at densities of 5 fish m-3 (initial) and 3 fish m-3 until the end of the experiment. Throughout the experimental period, the daily amount of feed was varied and delimited for each feeding time (8h00, 11h00, 14h00 and 17h00) as: 25; 25; 25 and 25% in daily treatment 1 - T1; 20; 30; 30 and 20% in treatment 2 - T2; 30; 20; 20 and 30% in daily treatment 3 - T3; and 20; 30; 20 and 30% in treatment 4 - T4. Feed was offered six days a week, with extruded isocaloric (1,412 KJ) and isoproteic (32% crude protein) diets from 2 to 4 mm. Every two weeks, a sample containing 30% of stocked individuals was collected in each replication to monitor fish growth. Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed in daily amounts of 20; 30; 20 and 30% showed a better growth performance in the final of experiment, mainly on biomass, final average weight and feed conversion.

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