Influence of Lead and other Metals on Fish δ-Aminolevulinate Dehydrase Activity

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Jackim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Estuarine Waters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Exposing mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) to sublethal concentrations of lead resulted in reduction of liver and kidney δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity. The results of this project are expected to afford an index of response to heavy metals in estuarine waters.

Polyamine synthesis in liver and kidney of flounder in response to methylmercury

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Manen ◽  
B Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
DH Russell
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The effect of methylmercury administration on polyamine synthesis was studied in the liver and kidney of the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). A single injection of methylmercury resulted in five- and sevenfold elevations of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the liver and kidney within 15 and 45 h, respectively. There were elevations of both putrescine- and spermidine-stimulated S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities (approximately 1.5-fold) in both tissues. Evaluation of the polyamine accumulation patterns in these tissues indicated that in the liver all three polyamines increased in concentration until 48 h and then decline. In the kidney, the concentration of putrescine increased steadily until it was 200% of control at 72 h and then declined. Spermidine concentration decreased throughout the time studied and was 17% of control at 1 wk. There was no significant change in the concentration of spermine throughout the period studied. The changes in the polyamine pools and in the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes after methylmercury administration are consistent with an involvement of the polyamines in the recovery phase to a toxic dose of methylmercury.

Effects of Egg Concentrations of DDT and Dieldrin on Development in Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Smith ◽  
Charles F. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Vertebral Deformities ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abnormal gastrulation and a high incidence (mean = 39%) of vertebral deformities at hatching were encountered in developing eggs from winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, experimentally exposed as adults to sublethal concentrations of DDT. Bone erosion and hemorrhaging at the vertebral junctures were often observed in conjunction with the vertebral deformities. No abnormal gastrulation and a lower incidence (mean < 1%) of vertebral deformities without bone erosion and hemorrhaging were encountered in controls. DDT concentrations in the eggs ranged from 0.39 to 4.60 (mean = 2.42 ppm) compared to 0.11–0.57 ppm (mean = 0.22 ppm) in the eggs from control flounder. No observable effect on development was noted in eggs from adults exposed experimentally only to dieldrin except in two lots of eggs most of which were dead and necrotic at spawning and contained 1.74 and 1.21 ppm dieldrin. No direct effect on fertilization mortality was due to gamete concentrations of DDT and dieldrin and no residues of either insecticide were detected in the milt from exposed or control male flounder.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ON ETROPLUS MACULATUS (BLOCH, 1795) DUE TO ZINC EXPOSURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Archana Devi ◽  
S.Bijoy Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The contamination of the aquatic systems with heavy metals from natural and anthropogenic sources has become a global problem which poses serious threats to ecosystems and natural communities. Heavy metals get bio concentrated in organisms that may cause health problems in humans via the food chain. The heavy metal zinc causes most serious environmental contaminations and effects due to its rampant use. In this study sublethal effects of the heavy metal, zinc on the histopathological parameters in fresh water fish, Etroplus maculatus was investigated. The 96 hour LC50 value of zinc was determined by Probit analysis, that was found to be 12.4 mg/L. The liver and kidney samples were collected from fish was exposed to sublethal concentrations of zinc on 14th and 28thdays.The structural deformities observed in the liver tissue showed swelling of hepatocytes, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, nuclear hypertrophy and cirrhosis with acute haemorrhage where as, kidney showed degenerated renal capsule and renal tubule, edema, necrosis and haemorrhage in the interstetium. The histpathological changes become prominent as the days and concentration of exposure increases. The study thus establishes that zinc is harmful to Etroplus maculatus even in sublethal concentrations and effective management strategies are to be evolved and implemented to protect our water bodies and the organisms from problems of heavy metal pollution.

Molecular cloning of metallothionein cDNA and analysis of metallothionein gene expression in winter flounder tissues

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
King Ming Chan ◽  
William S. Davidson ◽  
Choy L. Hew ◽  
Garth L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Time Required

Investigations into the precise role played by metallothionein (MT) in heavy-metal metabolism have been hampered by difficulties in positively identifying and quantifying MT in fish tissues. This study describes the development of an antisense MT RNA (cRNA) probe that will enable MT mRNA levels to be measured with a high degree of specificity and precision. Cadmium chloride administration induces the producton of MT mRNA in the liver and kidney of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). Poly(A)+ RNA purified from liver samples of winter flounder after cadmium chloride injections was used to construct a cDNA library. Several recombinant clones made complementary to MT mRNA were selected from this cDNA library by an oligonucleotide derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of winter flounder metallothionein. Sequence analysis of two of the cDNA inserts gave the structure of the entire 3′ untranslated region, a coding region corresponding to winter flounder MT and 49 nucleotides of the 5′ untranslated region. One of the flounder MT cDNAs, pWFMTC4, was subcloned into a RNA probe plasmid and transcribed to produce antisense MT RNA (cRNA). The MT cRNA was then used to detect the induction of MT mRNA production in the liver of winter flounder, following the administration of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The time required for the induction of hepatic MT mRNA by a single injection of Cd2+ was approximately 96 h. Dexamethasone did not induce an increase of MT mRNA in any of the winter flounder tissues examined (liver, kidney, heart, brain, intestinal scrape, and gill filament), whereas Cd2+ induced MT mRNA in all of the tissues except brain, where the constitutive level of expression was high.

The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

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