Effects of Fluctuations of Lead, Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen on the Growth of Brook Trout

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2493-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dorfman ◽  
W. R. Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Diel Fluctuations

Slug doses of lead administered once a day 5 days/week to brook trout exposed to simultaneous diel fluctuations of dissolved oxygen and temperatures showed that concentrations of 25 mg/liter of lead reduced growth. Concentrations of 15 mg/liter had little apparent effect and concentrations of 10 mg/liter had no deleterious effects on growth.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6383-6398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Briggs ◽  
Judson W. Harvey ◽  
Stephen T. Hurley ◽  
Donald O. Rosenberry ◽  
Timothy McCobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Groundwater Flux ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Fish Spawning ◽  
Meander Bends ◽  
Spawning Habitats

Abstract. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawn in fall and overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm temperatures in groundwater-seepage zones. However, eggs are also sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging groundwater (i.e., seepage). We investigated a 2 km reach of the coastal Quashnet River in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, to relate preferred fish spawning habitats to geology, geomorphology, and discharging groundwater geochemistry. Thermal reconnaissance methods were used to locate zones of rapid groundwater discharge, which were predominantly found along the central channel of a wider stream valley section. Pore-water chemistry and temporal vertical groundwater flux were measured at a subset of these zones during field campaigns over several seasons. Seepage zones in open-valley sub-reaches generally showed suboxic conditions and higher dissolved solutes compared to the underlying glacial outwash aquifer. These discharge zones were cross-referenced with preferred brook trout redds and evaluated during 10 years of observation, all of which were associated with discrete alcove features in steep cutbanks, where stream meander bends intersect the glacial valley walls. Seepage in these repeat spawning zones was generally stronger and more variable than in open-valley sites, with higher dissolved oxygen and reduced solute concentrations. The combined evidence indicates that regional groundwater discharge along the broader valley bottom is predominantly suboxic due to the influence of near-stream organic deposits; trout show no obvious preference for these zones when spawning. However, the meander bends that cut into sandy deposits near the valley walls generate strong oxic seepage zones that are utilized routinely for redd construction and the overwintering of trout eggs. Stable water isotopic data support the conclusion that repeat spawning zones are located directly on preferential discharges of more localized groundwater. In similar coastal systems with extensive valley peat deposits, the specific use of groundwater-discharge points by brook trout may be limited to morphologies such as cutbanks, where groundwater flow paths do not encounter substantial buried organic material and remain oxygen-rich.

Seasonal Depth Distributions of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon, Brook Trout, Landlocked Alewives, and American Smelt in a Small Lake

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Depth Distributions

Seasonal depth distributions of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), landlocked alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), and American smelt (Osmerus mordax) were determined monthly in Echo Lake, Maine, using vertical and horizontal gillnets.Salmon were wide-ranging fish, but generally not captured in very shallow or very deep water. Brook trout were primarily an inshore species, not often captured in water deeper than 25 ft, and nearly always found close to the lake bottom. The majority of captured alewives were taken from shallow to middepths (0–30 ft) in summer and fall and in deep water during winter and spring. Smelts were widely distributed, but the majority were captured in water deeper than 30 ft every month.No clear temperature or dissolved oxygen preference could be shown for any of the four species.

A Study of Six Winter Seasons of Commercial Fishing on Lake Winnipeg, 1950–1955

1959 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
Stizostedion Canadense ◽  
Average Size

Investigations of a Lake Winnipeg winter fishery for sauger, Stizostedion canadense, and yellow walleye, S. vitreum vitreum, during January and February each year revealed some significant changes in average size for two species as the season progressed, and from year to year. Average weight based on 50 to 1600 fish approximated 0.5 lb for sauger and 0.7 for walleye in most areas. Fishing success declined during the study period. A sample of the sauger catch revealed mainly age-groups III, IV and V. Fish catches appeared unrelated to either water temperatures or dissolved oxygen. Increased use of nylon nets had no apparent effect on annual production.

scholarly journals Heat tolerance and thermal preference of the copepod Tigriopus californicus are insensitive to ecologically relevant dissolved oxygen levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuong V. Dinh ◽  
Arani Y. Cuevas-Sanchez ◽  
Katherine S. Buhl ◽  
Elizabeth A. Moeser ◽  
W. Wesley Dowd
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Behavioral Preference ◽  
Diel Fluctuations

Abstract Shifting climate patterns may impose novel combinations of abiotic conditions on animals, yet understanding of the present-day interactive effects of multiple stressors remains under-developed. We tested the oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis and quantified environmental preference of the copepod Tigriopus californicus, which inhabits rocky-shore splashpools where diel fluctuations of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) are substantial. Egg-mass bearing females were exposed to a 5 h heat ramp to peak temperatures of 34.1–38.0 °C crossed with each of four oxygen levels: 22, 30, 100 and 250% saturation (4.7–5.3, 5.3–6.4, 21.2–21.3, and 50.7–53.3 kPa). Survival decreased at higher temperatures but was independent of DO. The behavioral preference of females was quantified in seven combinations of gradients of both temperature (11–37 °C) and oxygen saturation (17–206% or 3.6–43.6 kPa). Females avoided high temperatures regardless of DO levels. This pattern was more pronounced when low DO coincided with high temperature. In uniform temperature treatments, the distribution shifted toward high DO levels, especially in uniform high temperature, confirming that Tigriopus can sense environmental pO2. These results question the ecological relevance of OCLTT for Tigriopus and raise the possibility of microhabitat selection being used within splashpool environments to avoid physiologically stressful combinations of conditions.

Predicting the Effect of Macrobenthos on the Sediment/Water Flux of Metals and Phosphorus

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Starkel
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Iron Manganese

The log-transformed flux rates of iron, manganese, and phosphorus in a small, softwater lake were linearly related to the biomass of Chaoborus and chironomid larvae. Flux rates were measured by measuring the change in chemical concentrations in the water overlying the sediment of undisturbed cores incubated in situ for 1–2 d. Predicted flux rates of iron and phosphorus at average pelagic densities of animals were enhanced at least twofold over predicted fluxes for diffusion alone. Macroinvertebrates had no apparent effect on flux rates of dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, potassium, or sodium.

Effects of Oxygen in Relation to Temperature on the Development of Embryos of Brook Trout and Rainbow Trout

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Times ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Embryos of the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill) were incubated in reduced levels of dissolved oxygen of approximately 2.5 ppm, 3.5 ppm, 4.5 ppm, and a control level near air-saturation (10 ppm) at each four temperatures, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 C, from fertilization to a late stage of development. Embryos of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) were incubated in a similar experiment at levels of oxygen approximating 2.5 and 3.5 ppm and a level near air-saturation at each of the four temperatures, to a similar, late stage of development. A third small experiment was conducted in which embryos of rainbow trout were incubated at 12.5, 15.0, and 17.5 C, at a level of dissolved oxygen near air-saturation. In all instances for both species the velocity of embryonic development, measured by the times required to attain a series of selected embryonic stages, was accelerated by increasing temperature. The velocity of development was increasingly retarded by progressively lower levels of dissolved oxygen. The times required to affect hatching and the lengths of the periods of hatching were similarly influenced by temperature and by the level of dissolved oxygen. These findings are discussed in the light of pertinent literature.

scholarly journals Coral bleaching response is unaltered following acclimatization to reefs with distinct environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (22) ◽  
pp. e2025435118
Author(s):  
Katie L. Barott ◽  
Ariana S. Huffmyer ◽  
Jennifer M. Davidson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lenz ◽  
Shayle B. Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Reciprocal Transplantation ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Diel Fluctuations ◽  
Climate Crisis

Urgent action is needed to prevent the demise of coral reefs as the climate crisis leads to an increasingly warmer and more acidic ocean. Propagating climate change–resistant corals to restore degraded reefs is one promising strategy; however, empirical evidence is needed to determine whether stress resistance is affected by transplantation beyond a coral’s native reef. Here, we assessed the performance of bleaching-resistant individuals of two coral species following reciprocal transplantation between reefs with distinct pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sedimentation, and flow dynamics to determine whether heat stress response is altered following coral exposure to novel physicochemical conditions in situ. Critically, transplantation had no influence on coral heat stress responses, indicating that this trait was relatively fixed. In contrast, growth was highly plastic, and native performance was not predictive of performance in the novel environment. Coral metabolic rates and overall fitness were higher at the reef with higher flow, salinity, sedimentation, and diel fluctuations of pH and dissolved oxygen, and did not differ between native and cross-transplanted corals, indicating acclimatization via plasticity within just 3 mo. Conversely, cross-transplants at the second reef had higher fitness than native corals, thus increasing the fitness potential of the recipient population. This experiment was conducted during a nonbleaching year, so the potential benefits to recipient population fitness are likely enhanced during bleaching years. In summary, this study demonstrates that outplanting bleaching-resistant corals is a promising tool for elevating the resistance of coral populations to ocean warming.

scholarly journals Working backwards from streambed thermal anomalies: hydrogeologic controls on preferential brook trout spawning habitat in a coastal stream

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Briggs ◽  
Judson W. Harvey ◽  
Stephen T. Hurley ◽  
Donald O. Rosenberry ◽  
Timothy McCobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Thermal Anomalies ◽  
Groundwater Flux ◽  
Meander Bends

Abstract. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawn in fall, and overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm temperatures in groundwater seepage zones. However, eggs also are sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging groundwater. We investigated a 2-km reach of the coastal Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, to relate preferred fish spawning habitat to geology, geomorphology, and groundwater discharge. Thermal reconnaissance methods were used to locate zones of rapid groundwater discharge, which were predominantly found along the center channel of a wider stream valley section. Pore-water chemistry and temporal vertical groundwater flux were measured at a subset of these zones during field campaigns over several seasons. Seepage zones in open valley sub-reaches generally showed suboxic conditions and higher dissolved solutes compared to the underlying glacial outwash aquifer. These discharge zones were cross-referenced with preferred brook trout redds, evaluated during 10 yr of observation, all of which were associated with discrete alcove features in steep cut banks where stream meander bends intersect the glacial valley walls. Seepage in these repeat spawning zones was generally stronger and more variable than open valley sites, with higher dissolved oxygen and reduced solute concentrations. The combined evidence indicates that regional groundwater discharge along the broader valley bottom is predominantly suboxic due to the influence of near-stream organic deposits; trout show no obvious preference for these zones when spawning. However, the meander bends that cut into sandy deposits near the valley walls generate strong, oxic seepage zones that are utilized routinely for redd construction and the overwintering of trout eggs. In similar coastal systems with extensive valley peat deposits, specific use of groundwater discharge points by brook trout may be limited to morphologies such as cut banks where groundwater flowpaths can short circuit buried organic material and remain oxygen rich.

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