Open-Water Orientation of White Bass, Roccus chrysops, as Determined by Ultrasonic Tracking Methods

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2173-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Hasler ◽  
Edward S. Gardella ◽  
Ross M. Horrall ◽  
H. Francis Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Release Point ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Homing Performance ◽  
Directional Preference ◽  
Tracking Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Passive Drift

In the spring and summer of 1965, 26 white bass, Roccus chrysops (Rafinesque), were displaced to open water on Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, and their paths traced by means of ultrasonic transmitters carried in the stomachs of the fish and receiving gear located on boats. Seventeen fish captured by fyke nets on their spawning ground were displaced 1.6 km west-southwest to a mid lake release point. Two months after the spawning season nine fish, captured by hook-and-line, were displaced 3.1 km east-northeast from their capture area to the same release point. The mean tracking time for all 26 fish was 7.31 hr.Both the spawning and nonspawning fish maintained steady courses over long distances, and both groups showed a distinct directional preference for the eastern half of the lake where the spawning grounds are located. This open-water orientation helps explain the rapid homing performance, observed in previous experiments, of displaced spawning white bass, and also demonstrates that white bass possess mechanisms for orienting to directional cues present in their natural environment.Water currents, wind-generated surface waves, and the sun were examined as possible directional cues used by the fish. Although there was some evidence supporting the use of each of these cues, the problem of orientation mechanisms remains obscure. It was determined, however, that the observed movements of the fish cannot be explained as simply passive drift by the water currents.

Open-Water Movements of the Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake After Displacement from Spawning Streams

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
Random Movement ◽  
Directional Preference ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Spawning Streams

Cutthroat trout were taken from their spawning streams (June–August 1964 and 1965). A Styrofoam float was attached and fish were tracked from two release points. They moved generally shoreward (eastward). Of 120 fish tracked when the sun was visible, 68% went toward shore, 19% went away from shore, 4% showed random movement, and 8% were lost. Of 20 fish released when the sun was obscured, 30% went toward shore, 30% went away from shore, 30% showed random movement, and 10% were lost. Movement toward the eastern shoreline was less pronounced for fish liberated at a mid-lake release point. No directional preference was shown with respect to surface currents. There was no evidence that specific landmarks were used for orientation, but the sun may have served as a reference point since fish traveled farther and showed a stronger shoreward tendency on sunny days.

Behavior of Adult American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) Homing to the Connecticut River from Long Island Sound

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian J. Dodson ◽  
William C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Current ◽  
Open Water ◽  
American Shad ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Alosa Sapidissima ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Tidal Current Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

The migratory behavior of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) approaching their natal river during the final saltwater stage of the spawning migration was studied using ultrasonic tracking and conventional tagging procedures. Initial displacement of most sonic-tagged shad released without displacement adjacent to and 10 km west of the Connecticut River was not in the direction of the home river. These fish, however, homed successfully to the Connecticut River as did dart-tagged shad released in the same areas.Shad exhibited two major behavior patterns; countercurrent orientation in response to the reversing tidal current and adjustment of swimming speed to changes in tidal velocity. Countercurrent orientation was equally significant during daylight and darkness, whereas the adjustment of swimming speeds to tidal current velocity was more significant during daylight than darkness.Shad tracked to the west exhibited a westerly bias inherent in the basic open water behavior patterns. Shad exhibited a greater degree of directed movement when oriented against the ebb tide and adjusted their swimming speeds to exceed the ebb tide velocity and to approximately equal the flood tide velocity. Shad tracked to the east exhibited the same major behavior patterns but with the opposite directional bias.A hypothesis is presented suggesting that the location of the home river is achieved by means of a nonrandom search. Environmental clues indicative of the Connecticut River act to establish a preferred direction of displacement while the actual unidirectional displacement is achieved by reference to the rate and direction of tidal currents.

A study of diel activity of Daphnia and white bass in Lake Mendota

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 946-946
Author(s):  
Donald C. McNaught ◽  
Arthur D. Hasler
Keyword(s):  
Diel Activity ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Lake Mendota

Ultrasonic Tracking of Homing Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCleave ◽  
Ross M. Horrall
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
True Navigation ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking ◽  
Spawning Tributaries ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Water Speed

Displacement of 42 mature cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) from their spawning tributaries to the open water of Yellowstone Lake in the summers of 1966 and 1968 and following them ultrasonically up to 13.5 hr and 11.8 km indicated that those that homed used a compass mechanism rather than search or true navigation to find shore and then followed the shoreline to the home stream. Vision was unnecessary for homing. For many of the fish whose movements showed no consistent pattern, the transmitters failed prematurely.Of 29 nonanesthetized trout tracked from a point northwest of their home streams, six moved generally eastward to shallow water, turned south, and followed the shoreline toward the home streams, three being followed all the way home. Six moved generally south or southeast and progressed toward their home streams entirely in open water, one being followed home. Three moved inappropriately for homing but were less than 2 km from the release point when tracking was ended. Fourteen moved randomly or did not move enough or were not tracked long enough to establish a pattern.Of five anesthetized-blinded trout, two moved eastward and then south along the shoreline, one moved south in open water, and the other two did not show a consistent pattern. Of four anesthetized-control trout, two moved eastward and then south along shore, one being followed home; one moved inappropriately and the other did not establish a pattern.Of four nonanesthetized trout tracked from a point southwest of their home stream, three moved east and then north along shore toward the home stream, one being followed home; the fourth moved north in open water.Current directions may have influenced the initial orientations.Swimming speeds ranged from 0.0 to 46.2 cm sec−1 in open water and from 8.5 to 82.3 cm sec−1 along shore. Average along-shore speed (36.6 cm sec−1) was greater than average open-water speed (22.9 cm sec−1). Blinded trout swam at about the same speeds (average 22.6 cm sec−1) as control trout (average 27.0 cm sec−1) and nonanesthetized trout (average 23.3 cm sec−1).

Coastal Movements of Mature Fraser River Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) as Revealed by Ultrasonic Tracking

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Stasko ◽  
R. M. Horrall ◽  
A. D. Hasler ◽  
D. Stasko
Keyword(s):  
Pink Salmon ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Ground Speed ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Fish ◽  
Ultrasonic Tracking

Eleven mature pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) were tracked in September 1967 for periods of 3–50 hr over distances from 2 to 127 km to determine migration patterns.The fish were classified as "active" or "passive." Active fish moved faster and their paths were straighter. Active tracks ended distant from and to the north (toward the Fraser River) of the release point; passive tracks ended near or south of the release point. Active fish did not follow shorelines, but travelled primarily along the axes of tidal currents. They moved both with the northward flood and against the southward ebb currents, during day and at night. Average ground speed of active fish was 62 cm/sec (2.2 km/hr).

Effects of Prolonged Flooding on Nektonic Invertebrates in Small Diked Marshes

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2355-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Murkin ◽  
John A. Kadlec ◽  
Elaine J. Murkin
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Emergent Vegetation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
South Central ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Flooding Period

This study examined the response by nektonic invertebrates to prolonged flooding of a series of experimental marshes in the Delta Marsh in south-central Manitoba. Prior to flooding, nektonic invertebrate densities, biomass, and numbers of taxa were at their highest levels during midsummer in open-water sites with dense submersed vegetation; during the same period, nekton levels within the experimental marshes were minimum in stands of emergent vegetation. These differences appear to be related to available habitat structure and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Flooding to 1 m above normal eliminated the submersed vegetation and existing emergent vegetation. This resulted in a single large input of litter at the time of flooding with little or no subsequent input during flooding. The herbivore–detritivore functional group reached high levels early in the first year of flooding and remained high until late in the second year of flooding. The predator–parasite group did not exhibit a similar increase following flooding. Changes in the amount of plant litter available as both food and habitat affected these changes in the nekton following flooding. Wind-induced water currents also probably had an effect on nekton distributions during the flooding period.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Bacterial Microbiota on Lacustrine Cladophora Glomerata (Chlorophyta)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Braus ◽  
Linda E. Graham ◽  
Thea L. Whitman
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Cladophora Glomerata ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Lake Mendota ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Sequencing Studies

ABSTRACTThe branched periphytic green alga Cladophora glomerata, often abundant in nearshore waters of lakes and rivers worldwide, plays important ecosystem roles, some mediated by epibiotic microbiota that benefit from host-provided surface, organic C, and O2. Previous microscopy and high throughput sequencing studies have indicated surprising epibiont taxonomic and functional diversity, but have not included adequate consideration of sample replication or the potential for spatial and temporal variation. Here we report the results of 16S rRNA amplicon-based phylum-to-genus taxonomic analysis of Cladophora-associated bacterial epibiota sampled in replicate from three microsites and at six times during the open-water season of 2014, from the same lake locale (Picnic Point, Lake Mendota, Dane Co., WI, USA) explored by high throughput sequencing studies in two previous years. Statistical methods were used to test null hypotheses that the bacterial community: 1) is homogeneous across microsites tested, and 2) does not change over the course of a growth season or among successive years. Results indicated a dynamic microbial community that is more strongly influenced by sampling day during the growth season than by microsite variation. A surprising diversity of bacterial genera known to be associated with the key function of methane-oxidation (methanotrophy)-including relatively high-abundance of Crenothrix, Methylomonas, and Methylocaldum–showed intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability possibly related to temperature differences, and microsite preferences possibly related to variation in methane abundance. By contrast, a core assemblage of bacterial genera seems to persist over a growth season and from year-to-year, possibly transmitted by a persistent attached host resting stage.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF HYDRAULICS OF THE RIVER SECTORS WITH RIVERBED WINTERING HOLES OF THE IRTYSH IN OPEN WATER PERIOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Chemagin
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Bottom Relief ◽  
Turbulent Environment ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Channel Narrowing ◽  
Optical Turbidity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Environment ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

The article describes features of the hydraulics of the Irtysh riverbed in the sections of significant fish concentrations -wintering holes - in the open water period. There have been explored the waters of the largest (in area and in depth) Gornoslinkinskaya and Kondinskaya riverbed depressions located in the Uvat and Khanty-Mansi districts of the Tyumen region and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, respectively. The bathymetric characteristics of wintering holes were studied using computerized hydroacoustic complex AsCor (Promgidroakustika, Ltd., Petrozavodsk). To create the bottom relief of riverbeds there were used geographic information software programs Surfer 9.0 and Map Viewer 6.0. The study of the species composition of the fish population was carried out conducting control catches with stationary and drift nets. It has been found that, as a result of the combination of features of the riverbed, on the investigated sectors there is formed a complex hydrodynamic and turbulent environment. The holes are located on meanders with coefficients of high curvature of the bend of a channel, there have been found the ranges with narrowing channels at the entrance into the turn. In the process of the channel narrowing there occurs deepening of dynamic river flow axis and eroding of the bottom, which may prevent silting of the wintering holes. Significant differences in the depths cause a compensating current. Due to the bend of the riverbed in the water areas there are formed whirlpool zones, and arising transverse water currents close the surface and bottom streams of the river flow. The heterogeneous hydrodynamic environment of the Kondinskaya depression is complicated by the fact that the Konda flows into the bend of the Irtysh; as a result, there takes place an exchange of river impulses. Thus, when the longitudinal flow velocity is imposed on the transverse flows, there appears a spiral movement of the water masses and vertical vortex structures - whirlpools resulting in optical (turbidity) and turbulent (hydrodynamic) heterogeneity in the water column of the riverbed wintering holes.

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