Respiratory Quotients in Goldfish and Rainbow Trout

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1689-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methil Narayan Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

The respiratory quotients (R.Q.) of goldfish and rainbow trout were measured at 20 and 15 C respectively under spontaneous and forced activity. In goldfish spontaneously active and acclimated to air saturation the R.Q. was 1.02 in ambient oxygen above 50% air saturation and rose to 1.94 below 25% air saturation. Rainbow trout under similar conditions displayed respective R.Q.'s of 0.96 and 1.4. The latter R.Q. could be sustained only for a short time. In both species the metabolic rate dropped at oxygen concentrations below 50% air saturation but spontaneous activity remained high. Goldfish acclimated to 15% air saturation displayed the same R.Q. as unacclimated fish and thus did not display any increase in anaerobic capacity. When forced to swim steadily in water above 50% air saturation both species showed an initial anaerobic phase. This phase was less marked in the rainbow trout and was followed by an aerobic steady state except that at low swimming speeds the goldfish appeared to continuously derive some energy anaerobically. At oxygen concentrations below 50% air saturation the R.Q. of goldfish increased with decreasing concentration during steady swimming. At the single level of steady swimming effort at which comparisons were made, the R.Q. of goldfish did not change with acclimation to 15% air saturation but the rate of oxygen consumption fell to about 50% of the value before acclimation. The rainbow trout was not acclimated to low oxygen for any test.

Influence of ambient oxygen on the swimming performance of goldfish and rainbow trout

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Methil Narayanan Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

The influence of ambient oxygen concentrations on sustained swimming effort (less than four body lengths (L.)/second, fish approximately 20 cm long) was tested in goldfish acclimated to two levels of ambient oxygen, 95 and 15% air saturation, and in rainbow trout acclimated to 95% air saturation only. The acclimations and tests were done at 20 °C in the case of goldfish and 15 °C in the case of rainbow trout. Experiments were done in Blažka's activity apparatus.The swimming effort of goldfish acclimated to air saturation declined from 3 L./sec at about 2 p.p.m. of ambient oxygen to 1 L./sec at about 1 p.p.m.The swimming effort of rainbow trout acclimated to air saturation declined sharply from 4 L./sec at about 2.5 p.p.m. to 1 L./sec at 2 p.p.m. of oxygen.Goldfish acclimated to 15% air saturation were tested in two separate groups, namely those left overnight in the activity chamber and those tested within 7 hours after they were handled; results from both these groups did not show any marked difference from each other or from those of goldfish acclimated to high oxygen.Since acclimation to low oxygen does not indicate any change in the swimming effort–ambient oxygen relation in goldfish, it is possible that the oxygen response studied is mediated through a behavioral mechanism which does not involve those physiological aspects of respiratory metabolism which are influenced by acclimation to low oxygen.

The Swimming of Nymphon Gracile (Pycnogonida): The Energetics of Swimming at Constant Depth

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
ELFED MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Tidal Cycle ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Constant Depth ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tide Period

1. The mechanical power required by Nymphon for swimming at constant depth has been calculated from drag forces acting on the legs. For an adult male this was found to be 3.4 W kg. Only about 60% of this is used to support the animal's weight in water. 2. The metabolic rate fluctuates spontaneously over a tidal cycle, being greatest during the ebb-tide period. The mean rate of oxygen consumption during the animals least active phase was found to be about 0.1 μlO2 mg−1 h−1. 3. The total carbohydrate and lipid immediately available for combustion have been estimated at 4.64 and 16 μg/mg wet wt respectively. These quantities should be adequate for about 42 h periodic swimming in an adult Nymphon.

scholarly journals The Function of the Gills of Mayfly Nymphs from Different Habitats

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Tracheal Gills ◽  
Cloeon Dipterum ◽  
Gill Function ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

1. The oxygen consumption of normal and gill-less nymphs of the mayflies Baetis sp., Cloeon dipterum and Ephemera vulgata has been measured at various oxygen concentrations. 2. It has been found that over the complete range of oxygen concentrations studied, the tracheal gills do not aid oxygen consumption in Baetis sp. In Cloeon dipterum, at all oxygen concentrations tested, no gaseous exchange takes place through the gills; at low oxygen concentrations, however, the gills function as an accessory respiratory mechanism in ventilating the respiratory surface of the body and so aid oxygen consumption. In Ephemera Vulgata the gills aid oxygen consumption even at high oxygen concentrations. In this species the gills may function both as true respiratory organs and as a ventilating mechanism. 3. It is shown that the differences in gill function can be related to the oxygen content of the habitat of each species.

Activity before exercise influences recovery metabolism in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809-1815
Author(s):  
D.A. Scholnick ◽  
T.T. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dipsosaurus Dorsalis ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

During recovery from even a brief period of exercise, metabolic rate remains elevated above resting levels for extended periods. The intensity and duration of exercise as well as body temperature and hormone levels can influence this excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). We examined the influence of activity before exercise (ABE), commonly termed warm-up in endotherms, on EPOC in the desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis. The rate of oxygen consumption and blood lactate levels were measured in 11 female D. dorsalis (mass 41.1 +/− 3.0 g; mean +/− s.e.m.) during rest, after two types of ABE and after 5 min of exhaustive exercise followed by 60 min of recovery. ABE was either single (15 s of maximal activity followed by a 27 min pause) or intermittent (twelve 15 s periods of exercise separated by 2 min pauses). Our results indicate that both single and intermittent ABE reduced recovery metabolic rate. EPOC volumes decreased from 0.261 to 0.156 ml of oxygen consumed during 60 min of recovery when lizards were subjected to intermittent ABE. The average cost of activity (net V(O2) during exercise and 60 min of recovery per distance traveled) was almost 40 % greater in lizards that exercised without any prior activity than in lizards that underwent ABE. Blood lactate levels and removal rates were greatest in animals that underwent ABE. These findings may be of particular importance for terrestrial ectotherms that typically use burst locomotion and have a small aerobic scope and a long recovery period.

METABOLIC REFERENCE STANDARDS FOR THE NEONATE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-732
Author(s):  
John C. Sinclair ◽  
Jon W. Scopes ◽  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Oxygen consumption of 92 normally grown newborn babies of birth weight 750 to 3,940 gm has been expressed in terms of various metabolic reference standards in order to identify any systematic variation in expression of metabolic rate that is introduced by these bases of reference in the newborn population. It is postulated that differences in body composition comprise a contributory factor to the variation among newborn babies in rate of oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight. The predictive error from a mean value is increased if surface area, body weight, or fat-free body weight is substituted for body weight as a metabolic reference standard. By taking into account known changes in body composition of the fetus with increasing maturity, a compartment representing the active tissue mass is calculated. This corresponds closely to body weight minus extracellular fluid and includes fat. Rate of oxygen consumption is proportional to the size of this compartment over the range of body weights studied. Implications are discussed as to the metabolic rate of adipose tissue in the newborn and body composition among undergrown babies.

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption Rate of Polychaeta Nereis sp. Different Sizes and Type of Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Eko Setio Wibowo ◽  
Endah Sri Palupi ◽  
I G A Ayu Ratna Puspitasari ◽  
Atang Atang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Biological Aspects

Nereis  sp. contains amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids that can improve the quality of gamete stem cells and the quality of the resulting larvae. Nereis  sp. can increase gamete cell maturation in the parent shrimp up to 70%. This triggers the exploitation these worms excessively in nature since there are no cultivation efforts to meet their needs. This condition encourages research on the biological aspects of Nereis  sp. to complement the information that can support the cultivation of the worms. This research was conducted on Nereis  sp. from the Jeruklegi Cilacap area with different types of feed. This study aims to determine the metabolic rate of the worms Nereis  sp. at different sizes by giving different types of feed. This research use immature Nereis  sp. which was maintained at 15 ppt salinity with three different body weight (0.3-0.6 g; 1.1-1.3 g and 1.8-2.04 g) with three different types of feed (D0 feed, feed flour of Spirulina sp. and ornamental fish feed tetra blitsz). The study was conducted experimentally with a randomized block design (RBD) method with six replications. The results showed the rate of oxygen consumption of Nereis  sp. influenced by the size and type of feed given (P<0.05). Nereis  sp. with size of 0.3-0.6 gr indicates the highest metabolic rate.  Nereis  sp. fed with flour of Spirulina sp. shows the highest metabolic rate.  Appropriate feed to support the growth of Nereis  sp. is D0 and tetra blits (low fiber feed). 

Oxygen sensitivity in the insect Prodenia eridania

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Clark ◽  
V. J. Cristofalo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Oxygen Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Injurious Effects

Both the larval and pupal stages of prodenia eridania are injured by oxygen at increased pressures. The injury is manifested by a reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption, muscular paralysis and failure to develop to the adult stage. In the pupae these effects appear together as a syndrome. Pupae are much more sensitive than larvae. At least 75 psi of oxygen is necessary for injury to larvae while only 45 psi is required to produce injury in the pupae. Injured pupae respire at a rate 2%–5% of the controls while the injured larvae consume oxygen at 60% of the control rate. In attempts to modify this sensitivity by pretreatment with agents which reduce the metabolic rate, it was found that pupae kept at –10°C for 30 minutes before treatment or kept in carbon monoxide or nitrogen for 30 minutes prior to treatment showed none of the injurious effects of oxygen.

Interaction Between Thyroxine and Dibenzyline on Metabolic Rate

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena B. Schwartz ◽  
Gerald E. Hammond ◽  
Gerald A. Gronert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Doses of Dibenzyline adequate to block the pressor effect of epinephrine were administered to rats with various degrees of chronic hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Rate of oxygen consumption was measured under barbiturate anesthesia. Dibenzyline decreased or did not change hypothyroid metabolic rates, but increased metabolic rates in hyperthyroid rats. The data indicated that Dibenzyline exerts a synergistic effect with thyroxine on metabolism resembling the previously reported synergism between thyroxine and epinephrine. Apparently discrepant findings presented in the literature regarding the interaction of thyroxine and Dibenzyline probably result from differences in the thyroid status of the experimental animals.

The Surface of the Heart Leaks Oxygen

Physiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Loiselle ◽  
JHGM van Beek ◽  
DA Mawson ◽  
PJ Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Exchange ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The rate of oxygen consumption of the heart is classically measured using the Fick principle. Uncritical application of this principle can cause errors of measurement, particularly when estimating cardiac basal metabolic rate. Consideration of these errors leads to a model that supports modern notions of oxygen exchange in perfused tissue.

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