The Cranial Osteology of the Gadidae

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1315-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khwaja Abdul Mujib
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lota Lota ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis

The cranial skeletons of four gadid fishes, Gadus morhua (subfamily Gadinae), Urophysis chuss (Lotinae), Lota lota (Lotinae), and Merluccius bilinearis (Merluccinae), are described in detail.The Merluccinae probably gave rise, on one hand, to the subfamily Lotinae and, on the other, to the subfamily Gadinae; both of these subfamilies became further specialized. All three subfamilies differ from each other in their cranial osteology, as well as in other characters.

Comparison of Changes in Trimethylamine, Dimethylamine, and Extractable Protein in Iced and Frozen Gadoid Fillets

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
W. E. Neal ◽  
J. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis

When fillets of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), pollock (Pollachius virens), cusk (Brosme brosme), and silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) were iced and the opposite fillets frozen, large amounts of trimethylamine were rapidly produced in the iced fish but none was formed in the frozen fish within 60 days. Hake produced large, similar amounts of dimethylamine (DMA) in iced and frozen fillets. The other three species produced more DMA in the frozen than in the iced fillets, but always much less than in the hake. In both frozen and iced fish the production of DMA was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in extractable protein nitrogen.

scholarly journals The effect of including length structure in yield-per-recruit estimates for northeast Arctic cod

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Kvamme ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Structured Model ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Traditional Age ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Yield Per Recruit

Abstract Kvamme, C., and Bogstad, B. 2007. The effect of including length structure in yield-per-recruit estimates for northeast Arctic cod. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 357–368. For northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), traditional age-based estimates of yield per recruit (YPR) are compared with alternative, though comparable, YPR estimates calculated using an age–length-structured model. In the age–length-structured model, growth, fishing mortality, and natural mortality depend only on length, not on age. This model considers possible changes in size-at-age caused by, for example, a length-selective fishery, and therefore, by comparing the different YPR estimates, the importance of considering the stock's length structure can be evaluated. Length- and weight-at-age of stock and catches were influenced by exploitation pattern and pressure. Such changes are not considered in traditional estimates of YPR, for which weight-at-age is fixed and strictly speaking only representative for the current fishery. Consequently, traditional YPR estimates were somewhat higher than the age–length-based estimates for exploiting smaller fish than at present, and the other way round for exploiting larger fish. Both models indicated a gain in YPR for reducing just exploitation pressure (traditional YPR, 13%; alternative model, 20%) or both reducing exploitation pressure and postponing exploitation (traditional YPR, 23–31%; alternative model, 33–48%), compared with the current fishery.

scholarly journals Coastal Upwelling and Oikopleura Occurrence ("Slub"): A Model and Potential Application to Inshore Fisheries

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Taggart ◽  
Kenneth T. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
The Impact

Variations in the occurrence of Oikopleura spp. were strongly linked to the wind field and ensuing water temperatures in an inshore region of eastern Newfoundland during June–August of 1979 and 1981–83. Oikopleura foul inshore fishing gear with their discarded houses ("slub") and fluctuate in abundance from day to day as a function of wind-driven upwelling. Densities of Oikopleura in cold upwelling water during four years ranged between 20 and 800/m3. Oikopleura densities < 1/m3 occurred when upwelling ceased and warmer water occupied the inshore region. A simple model incorporating a daily averaged wind vector, Julian day, and growing degree-day explained 62% of the daily variation in Oikopleura abundance in 1979. The model yielded density estimates that were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with observed densities in each of the other three years. We provide evidence that net fouling by Oikopleura in the inshore and maximum Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) catch is coincident and suggest that an annual hindcast index of slub intensity may help determine the impact of slub conditions on the inshore fishery.

Temperature and the recruitment of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2069-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Planque ◽  
T Frédou
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
The Other ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
The Relationship

Variability in the recruitment of fish has been attributed to either changes in the environment or variations in the size of reproductive stocks. Disentangling the effects of environment and stock has proven to be problematic and has resulted in recurrent controversy between studies supporting either hypothesis. In the present study, we examine the relationship between interannual changes in temperature and variation in recruitment for nine Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in the North Atlantic. We show that for individual stocks, the relationship often appears weak and statistically not significant. On the other hand, by combining in a single metaanalysis the results from individual stocks, we demonstrate that recruitment of Atlantic cod is linked to interannual fluctuations in temperature in such a way that for stocks located in warm water the relationship is negative, for stocks located in cold water the relationship is positive, and there is no relationship for stocks located in the middle of the temperature range.

Effects of Formaldehyde on Salt Extractable Proteins of Gadoid Muscle

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Castell ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
W. J. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Muscle Enzyme ◽  
Trimethylamine Oxide ◽  
Extractable Protein ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Fish Proteins

Addition of formaldehyde to fresh cod muscle, to give concentrations of 10 to 200 ppm, brought about marked decreases in the extractable protein content during holding periods of 24 hr or less at 0 C. Similar levels of formaldehyde, produced during frozen storage of gadoid (Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, pollock, Pollachius virens, cusk, Brosme brosme, and silver hake, Merluccius bilinearis), fillets at −5 C, brought about similar reductions in the extractable proteins. Comparative tests showed that, in the concentrations normally encountered in deteriorating frozen gadoid fillets, formaldehyde was a much more active protein-insolubilizing agent than free fatty acid. It is evident that in these protein changes more than one mechanism is involved. Observed species-differences in the extent to which fish proteins became insolubilized during storage appeared to be related to presence or absence of these different mechanisms. The more rapid and more extensive denaturation of most gadoid fillets in frozen storage than of fillets of nongadoid species appears to be directly related to the presence of muscle enzyme of the former group that is capable of producing formaldehyde from trimethylamine oxide, which is absent in the muscle of the nongadoid species so far tested.

Acid-induced gelation of natural actomyosin from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and burbot (Lota lota)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn Riebroy ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul ◽  
Wonnop Visessanguan ◽  
Ulf Erikson ◽  
Turid Rustad
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Lota Lota

scholarly journals DNA Analysis Detects Different Mislabeling Trend by Country in European Cod Fillets

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Frederik Feldmann ◽  
Alba Ardura ◽  
Carmen Blanco-Fernandez ◽  
Eva Garcia-Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
The One ◽  
European Markets

Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is a highly appreciated fish in European seafood markets and is one of the most substituted fish species in the world. Fraud have been detected in European markets in the last decade, finding different substitute species sold as G. morhua or Atlantic cod on the label. In this study, we analyzed 252 samples of fresh and frozen cod fillets sold in Germany, the Netherlands, and France using DNA barcoding. Different trends were found in different countries: while the level of mislabeling found in Germany and the Netherlands remained at zero in the last years, a significant increase was found in the French markets comparing the current results with previous studies on fillets in France. On the one hand, this mislabeling proves the need to encourage European efforts to control seafood authenticity; on the other, zero mislabeling in two countries shows the success of current European regulations.

scholarly journals Cranial osteology of the pampathere Holmesina floridanus (Xenarthra: Cingulata; Blancan NALMA), including a description of an isolated petrosal bone

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gaudin ◽  
Lauren M. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The present study entails descriptions of several well-preserved skulls from the pampathere species Holmesina floridanus, recovered from Pliocene localities in central Florida and housed in the collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History. Bone by bone descriptions have allowed detailed reconstructions of cranial morphology. Cranial foramina are described and illustrated in detail, and their contents inferred. The first ever description of an isolated pampathere petrosal is also included. Cranial osteology of Holmesina floridanus is compared to that of Pleistocene species of Holmesina from both North and South America (Holmesina septentrionalis, Holmesina occidentalis), as well as to the other well-known pampathere genera, to closely related taxa among glyptodonts (Propalaehoplophorus), and to extinct and extant armadillos (Proeutatus, Euphractus). This study identifies a suite of apomorphic cranial features that serve to diagnose a putative, progressive series of more inclusive monophyletic groups, including the species Holmesina floridanus, the genus Holmesina, pampatheres, pampatheres plus glyptodonts, and a clade formed by pampatheres, glyptodonts, and Proeutatus. The study highlights the need for further anatomical investigations of pampathere cranial anatomy, especially those using modern scanning technology, and for analyses of pampathere phylogenetic relationships.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of fish allergenicity from the content and structural traits of the component β-parvalbumin isoforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Pérez-Tavarez ◽  
Mónica Carrera ◽  
María Pedrosa ◽  
Santiago Quirce ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Scomber Japonicus ◽  
Structural Traits ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Most fish-allergic patients have anti-β-parvalbumin (β-PV) immunoglobulin E (IgE), which cross-reacts among fish species with variable clinical effects. Although the β-PV load is considered a determinant for allergenicity, fish species express distinct β-PV isoforms with unknown pathogenic contributions. To identify the role various parameters play in allergenicity, we have taken Gadus morhua and Scomber japonicus models, determined their β-PV isoform composition and analyzed the interaction of the IgE from fish-allergic patient sera with these different conformations. We found that each fish species contains a major and a minor isoform, with the total PV content four times higher in Gadus morhua than in Scomber japonicus. The isoforms showing the best IgE recognition displayed protease-sensitive globular folds, and if forming amyloids, they were not immunoreactive. Of the isoforms displaying stable globular folds, one was not recognized by IgE under any of the conditions, and the other formed highly immunoreactive amyloids. The results showed that Gadus morhua muscles are equipped with an isoform combination and content that ensures the IgE recognition of all PV folds, whereas the allergenic load of Scomber japonicus is under the control of proteolysis. We conclude that the consideration of isoform properties and content may improve the explanation of fish species allergenicity differences.

The diet of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) in coastal waters of Eastern Canada, with special reference to the Bay of Fundy

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. D. Smith ◽  
D. E. Gaskin
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Harbor Porpoises

Stomach contents of 81 harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) collected from eastern Canadian coastal waters during 1969–1972 were examined. A total of 454 free otoliths and 54 undigested specimens representing a minimum of 281 fish, consisting of nine species in seven families, were recovered from the copious semidigested fish remains found in 52 of the stomachs. Clupea harengus (herring), Gadus morhua (cod), and Scomber scombrus (mackerel) otoliths accounted for more than 78% of the total. Osmerus mordax (smelt), Pollachius virens (pollock), Merluccius bilinearis (silver hake), Sebastes marinus (redfish), and Macrozoarces americanus (ocean pout) otoliths were also identified. Squid (Illex sp.), hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), and polychaetes (Nereis sp.) were identified in a few stomachs. Fifteen of the stomachs examined were empty or contained only fluid. Examination of the stomachs of the 16 smallest animals indicated that weaning occurred at body lengths of 100–104 cm.

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